Molecular epidemiology of endemic Clostridium difficile infection.

abstract：:The aim of this study was to estimate the healthcare usage and loss of productivity due to gastroenteritis in Australia using the National Gastroenteritis Survey II. In 2008-2009, 7578 participants across Australia were surveyed about infectious gastroenteritis by telephone interview. A gastroenteritis case was define...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Chen Y,Ford L,Hall G,Dobbins T,Kirk M

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) is reported to decrease the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. To determine the annual incidence of CAP before the introduction of PCV7, we counted the number of children hospitalized with CAP between 2008 and 2009 in Chiba City, Japan. We in...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Tanaka J,Ishiwada N,Wada A,Chang B,Hishiki H,Kurosaki T,Kohno Y

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The degerming effect of a 3 min handwash with 2% triclosan, or 4% chlorhexidine, in detergent and enhanced efficacy of either antiseptic in isopropyl alcohol, was evaluated in volunteers. Handwashing with either antiseptic preparation reduced the normal flora by a factor of 10; alcohol rubbing by approximately a facto...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Bartzokas CA,Corkill JE,Makin T,Parry E

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In August 2015 a gastroenteritis outbreak occurred following a wedding. An outbreak investigation was undertaken and a cohort study was conducted using an online survey. Of 140 guests, 134 received the survey and 113 responded (84·3% response rate). Seventy respondents met the case definition of vomiting and/or diarrh...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Smith KC,Inns T,Decraene V,Fox A,Allen DJ,Shah A

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) outbreak in Japan was investigated with an observational study, analytical epidemiology and bacteriological examination (including phage typing). The outbreak occurred among 96 schoolchildren, and was caused by SE phage type 1. The outbreak source was dessert buns served at a school lunch...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Matsui T,Suzuki S,Takahashi H,Ohyama T,Kobayashi J,Izumiya H,Watanabe H,Kasuga F,Kijima H,Shibata K,Okabe N

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Guidelines for the severity classification and treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) were published by Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)/Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) in 2010; however, compliance and efficacy of these guidelines has not been widely investigated. This pr...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Crowell KT,Julian KG,Katzman M,Berg AS,Tinsley A,Williams ED,Koltun WA,Messaris E

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During a survey of foal diarrhoea between 1991 and 1994, Clostridium perfringens was significantly associated with disease with 56% of cases infected [1]. The contribution of enterotoxigenic C. perfringens to this association, was assessed by use of the reverse passive latex agglutination test for enterotoxin (RPLA; O...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Netherwood T,Binns M,Townsend H,Wood JL,Mumford JA,Chanter N

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over Christmas 1993, an outbreak of food poisoning occurred among guests in a hotel in South West Scotland. Evidence from a cohort study strongly suggested that raw oysters were the vehicle for infection, probably due to a Small Round Structured Virus (SRSV). Detailed enquiry about the source and preparation of the oy...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Chalmers JW,McMillan JH

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Wells-Riley equation for modelling airborne infection in indoor environments is incorporated into an SEIR epidemic model with a short incubation period to simulate the transmission dynamics of airborne infectious diseases in ventilated rooms. The model enables the effect of environmental factors such as the ventil...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Noakes CJ,Beggs CB,Sleigh PA,Kerr KG

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) are reportable diseases, the third most common causes for hospitalization of children in Thailand. Data collected from the Ministry of Public Health were analysed for trends. Rates of DHF increased in Thailand until 1987 when the largest epidemic ever, 32...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Chareonsook O,Foy HM,Teeraratkul A,Silarug N

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To evaluate associations between indicators of livestock farming intensity (manure surplus and livestock density) and acute gastroenteritis hospitalization (AGH) rate, we conducted an ecological study on 306 selected agricultural municipalities of Quebec. We estimated the AGH rate for the period 2000-2004 from the Que...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Febriani Y,Levallois P,Lebel G,Gingras S

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dramatic decline of the native red squirrel in the UK has been attributed to both direct and disease-mediated competition with the grey squirrel where the competitor acts as a reservoir host of squirrelpox virus (SQPV). SQPV is threatening red squirrel conservation efforts, yet little is known about its epidemiolo...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Bruemmer CM,Rushton SP,Gurnell J,Lurz PW,Nettleton P,Sainsbury AW,Duff JP,Gilray J,McInnes CJ

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging arbovirus that was first isolated in South Africa in 1959. This Flavivirus is maintained in the environment through a typical enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds. USUV has spread to a large part of the European continent over the two decades mainly leading to substantial avi...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Clé M,Beck C,Salinas S,Lecollinet S,Gutierrez S,Van de Perre P,Baldet T,Foulongne V,Simonin Y

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine the incidence, risk factors for, and the influence of bloodstream infections (BSIs) on mortality of patients in intensive-care units (ICUs), prospectively collected data from all patients with a stay in an ICU >48 h, during a 1-year period, were analysed. Of 572 patients, 148 developed a total of 232 BSI ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Pratikaki M,Platsouka E,Sotiropoulou C,Vassilakopoulos T,Paniara O,Roussos C,Routsi C

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An analysis was undertaken to measure age-specific vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 2010/11 trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (TIV) and monovalent 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine (PIV) administered in 2009/2010. The test-negative case-control study design was employed based on patients consulting primary care. Overall...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Pebody RG,Andrews N,Fleming DM,McMenamin J,Cottrell S,Smyth B,Durnall H,Robertson C,Carman W,Ellis J,Sebastian-Pillai P,Zambon M,Kearns C,Moore C,Thomas DR,Watson JM

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, the effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the cerebrum and neuropsychiatric patients has been increasingly highlighted. However, there is limited information about the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in psychiatric patients in Shandong province, eastern China. Therefore, through a case-control ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Cong W,Dong W,Bai L,Wang XY,Ni XT,Qian AD,Zhu XQ

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined multistate outbreaks attributed to raw tomatoes in the United States from 1990 to 2010. We summarized the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of 15 outbreaks resulting in 1959 illnesses, 384 hospitalizations, and three deaths. Most (80%) outbreaks were reported during 2000-2010; 73% occurred Ma...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Bennett SD,Littrell KW,Hill TA,Mahovic M,Behravesh CB

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report a molecular epidemiological study of rabies virus (RABV) strains circulating in animal populations in Bhutan, and investigate potential origins of these viruses. Twenty-three RABV isolates originating from dogs and other domestic animals were characterized by sequencing the partial nucleoprotein (N) gene (39...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Tenzin,Wacharapluesadee S,Denduangboripant J,Dhand NK,Dorji R,Tshering D,Rinzin K,Raika V,Dahal N,Ward MP

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Salmonella enteritidis PT4 was recovered from fingers following the breaking of intact shell eggs artificially contaminated in the contents with the bacterium. Kitchen utensils used to mix egg dishes were salmonella-positive, sometimes after washing. Following the preparation of batter or the mixing of eggs, S. enteri...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Humphrey TJ,Martin KW,Whitehead A

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was included in the routine infant immunization schedule in Ireland in September 2008. We determined the serotype of 977 S. pneumoniae isolates causing invasive disease between 2000-2002 and 2007-2008, assessed for the presence of the recently described serotype 6C an...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Vickers I,Fitzgerald M,Murchan S,Cotter S,O'Flanagan D,Cafferkey M,Humphreys H

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite rapid urbanization and increasing affluence in Karachi, cases of cholera are frequent. We analysed computerized isolation data from the AKUH Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Karachi, from 1990-6 to examine microbiological, temporal and demographic trends in Vibrio cholerae infections. During this period 888 s...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Sheikh A,Khan A,Malik T,Fisher-Hoch SP

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study provides a comprehensive epidemio-clinical picture of sporadic, domestically acquired cases of amoebiasis, cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in one Canadian community based on patient symptom, outcome and exposure data from an enhanced surveillance system. It yields valuable data for estimating the burden of...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Ravel A,Nesbitt A,Pintar K,Macarthur A,Wang HL,Marshall B,Pollari F

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the 10-year period 1978-87 there were 48 outbreaks of food poisoning in Scottish hospitals affecting a total of 2287 persons of whom 12 died. This compared with 50 outbreaks during the previous 5 years (1973-77) when over 1500 persons and 7 deaths were recorded. Although the incidence of outbreaks has decreased...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Collier PW,Sharp JC,MacLeod AF,Forbes GI,Mackay F

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A case-control study was undertaken in an acute district general hospital to identify risk factors for hospital-acquired bacteraemia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Cases of hospital-acquired MRSA bacteraemia were defined as consecutive patients from whom MRSA was isolated from a blood sa...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Carnicer-Pont D,Bailey KA,Mason BW,Walker AM,Evans MR,Salmon RL

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, men who have sex with men (MSM) constitute a major group of HIV transmission in China. High primary drug-resistance (PDR) rate in MSM also represents a serious challenge for the Chinese antiretroviral therapy (ART) program. To assess the efficiency of ART in controlling HIV/AIDS infection among MSM, w...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Lu Z,Wang L,Wang LP,Xing H,Fu G,Yan H,Wang L,Li Z,Xu J,Wang N,Wang K,Peng Z

更新日期：2020-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:There is concern that widespread usage of ertapenem may promote cross-resistance to other carbapenems. To analyse the impact that adding ertapenem to our hospital formulary had on usage of other broad-spectrum agents and on susceptibilities of nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas isolates, we performed interr...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Graber CJ,Hutchings C,Dong F,Lee W,Chung JK,Tran T

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mosquito-borne Sindbis virus (SINV) causes rash-arthritis syndrome in Finland. Major outbreaks with approximately 7-year cycles have caused substantial burden of illness. Forest dwelling grouse are suspected to be amplifying hosts, with the infection transmitted to humans by mosquito bites. SINV infection surveillance...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Jalava K,Sane J,Ollgren J,Ruuhela R,Rätti O,Kurkela S,Helle P,Hartonen S,Pirinen P,Vapalahti O,Kuusi M

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Annual periodicities of reported chickenpox cases have been observed in several countries. Of these, Japan has reported a two-peaked, bimodal annual cycle of reported chickenpox cases. This study investigated the possible underlying association of the bimodal cycle observed in the surveillance data of reported chicken...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Harigane K,Sumi A,Mise K,Kobayashi N

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous modelling studies have estimated that between 1% and 10% of human salmonella infections are attributable to pig meat consumption. In response to this food safety threat the British pig industry have initiated a salmonella monitoring programme. It is anticipated that this programme will contribute to achieving...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Hill AA,Snary EL,Arnold ME,Alban L,Cook AJ

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fourteen people living in or near the city of Gloucester fell ill with Legionnaires' disease caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup (SG) 1 between 27 August and 27 October 1986. Another patient had fallen ill on 30 May. Nine of the 15 were diagnosed retrospectively during a case finding exercise. There were three ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Hunt DA,Cartwright KA,Smith MC,Middleton J,Bartlett CL,Lee JV,Dennis PJ,Harper D

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00