Abstract:
:Selectable marker gene systems are vital for the development of transgenic crops. Since the creation of the first transgenic plants in the early 1980s and their subsequent commercialization worldwide over almost an entire decade, antibiotic and herbicide resistance selectable marker gene systems have been an integral feature of plant genetic modification. Without them, creating transgenic crops is not feasible on purely economic and practical terms. These systems allow the relatively straightforward identification and selection of plants that have stably incorporated not only the marker genes but also genes of interest, for example herbicide tolerance and pest resistance. Bacterial antibiotic resistance genes are also crucial in molecular biology manipulations in the laboratory. An unprecedented debate has accompanied the development and commercialization of transgenic crops. Divergent policies and their implementation in the European Union on one hand and the rest of the world on the other (industrialized and developing countries alike), have resulted in disputes with serious consequences on agricultural policy, world trade and food security. A lot of research effort has been directed towards the development of marker-free transformation or systems to remove selectable markers. Such research has been in a large part motivated by perceived problems with antibiotic resistance selectable markers; however, it is not justified from a safety point of view. The aim of this review is to discuss in some detail the currently available scientific evidence that overwhelmingly argues for the safety of these marker gene systems. Our conclusion, supported by numerous studies, most of which are commissioned by some of the very parties that have taken a position against the use of antibiotic selectable marker gene systems, is that there is no scientific basis to argue against the use and presence of selectable marker genes as a class in transgenic plants.
journal_name
Transgenic Resjournal_title
Transgenic researchauthors
Ramessar K,Peremarti A,Gómez-Galera S,Naqvi S,Moralejo M,Muñoz P,Capell T,Christou Pdoi
10.1007/s11248-007-9083-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-06-01 00:00:00pages
261-80issue
3eissn
0962-8819issn
1573-9368journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Conventional screening protocols for transgene integration in mice employ tail tips or blood samples as sources to obtain genomic DNA preparations. We have developed a simple alternative non-surgical method. Epithelial cells are scraped off the inner surface of the rectum with a sterile plastic inoculation loop and ar...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1008824509988
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abstract::Genomic DNA blot hybridization is traditionally used to demonstrate that, via genetic transformation, foreign genes are integrated into host genomes. However, in large genome species, such as Allium cepa L., the use of genomic DNA blot hybridization is pushed towards its limits, because a considerable quantity of DNA ...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1016633410041
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abstract::Competition between humans and livestock for cereal and legume grains makes it challenging to provide economical feeds to livestock animals. Recent increases in corn and soybean prices have had a significant impact on the cost of feed for pig producers. The utilization of byproducts and alternative ingredients in pig ...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-014-9817-9
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a transgenic female goat harboring goat beta-casein promoter/human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) fusion gene by microinjection into fertilized one-cell goat zygotes. Human G-CSF was produced at levels of up to 50 microg/ml in transgenic goat milk. Its biological activity was equivalen...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1008972010351
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-005-1773-y
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abstract::Soybean was used as a model for studies of chemical induction of gene expression in seeds. A chimeric transcriptional activator, VGE, driven by the soybean seed glycinin G1 promoter, was used to induce the expression of an ER-targeted GFP(KDEL) reporter protein upon addition of the chemical ligand, methoxyfenozide. Th...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-007-9156-1
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-012-9686-z
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/b:trag.0000026072.01351.10
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journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-013-9763-y
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 4.1 kb mouse whey acidic protein (mWAP) promoter was cloned from a C57BL/6 cosmid library. The tissue-specific and developmental pattern of expression of a hybrid gene comprised of the mWAP promoter fragment and the human protein C (HPC) gene was analysed in transgenic mice. The corresponding RNA was detected mainly...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01976765
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 9 (Nedd9, Casl, Hef1, p105cas, Ef1) is a scaffolding protein that assembles complexes involved in regulating cell adhesion, migration, division, and survival. Nedd9 is found very early in the developing embryonic nervous system. A highly conserved complex...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-014-9825-9
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-007-9106-y
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maize was genetically engineered for the biosynthesis of the high value carotenoid astaxanthin in the kernel endosperm. Introduction of a β-carotene hydroxylase and a β-carotene ketolase into a white maize genetic background extended the carotenoid pathway to astaxanthin. Simultaneously, phytoene synthase, the control...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-016-9943-7
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A green fluorescent protein (GFP) cDNA flanked by inverted terminal repeats (ITR) of adeno-associated virus was constructed. The construct sharply improved the efficiency and specificity of the transient expression of genes driven by two general promoters (cytomegalovirus and medaka beta-actin) and one muscle-specific...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1016671513425
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::T-DNA activation tagging was used to generate tobacco mutants with increased tolerance to antimicrotubular herbicides and chilling stress. After transformation, protoplast-derived calli were screened for tolerance to treatments that affect microtubule assembly. In one screen mutants with tolerance to aryl carbamates (...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1025814814823
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alpha1 tubulin gene expression is induced in the developing and regenerating CNS of vertebrates. Therefore, alpha1 tubulin gene expression may serve as a good probe for mechanisms underlying CNS development and regeneration. One approach to identify these mechanisms is to work backwards from the genome. This requires ...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1008998832552
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-007-9101-3
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11248-007-9122-y
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1007/s11248-012-9605-3
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-006-0007-2
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-012-9685-0
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The NOD.Cg-Prkdc ( scid ) Il2rg ( tm1Wjl )/SzJ mouse strain, commonly known as NSG (for NOD SCID Gamma) is severely immunodeficient and thus is an excellent recipient for xenografts, and in particular fo...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-012-9629-8
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) pseudotyped murine leukemia virus (MLV) virions can transduce schistosomes, leading to chromosomal integration of reporter transgenes. To develop VSVG-MLV for functional genomics in schistosomes, the influence of the chicken β-globin cHS4 element, a prototypic chromatin i...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-011-9556-0
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene is to date the most frequently used reporter gene in plants. Marketing of crops containing this gene requires prior evaluation of their biosafety. To aid such evaluations of the GUS gene, irrespective of the plant into which the gene has been introduced, the ecological and toxicologic...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1008832711805
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) has several advantages as a gene delivery vector, including stable episomal maintenance of the exogenous genetic material and the ability to carry large and/or multiple gene inserts including their regulatory elements. Previously, a MAC containing multi-integration site (MI-MAC) w...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-015-9884-6
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To commemorate Transgenic Animal Research Conference X, this review summarizes the recent progress in developing genetically engineered livestock species as biomedical models. The first of these conferences was held in 1997, which turned out to be a watershed year for the field, with two significant events occurring. ...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11248-016-9928-6
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gonadal effects of the Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS) mutation Wt1(tmT396 )were examined in chimaeric and heterozygous mice. Since the only heterozygote was 41,XXY, Sertoli cell function was assessed by comparison with age-matched control XXY testes. Control XXY Sertoli cells showed immuno-expression of WT1 and androgen r...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-005-7216-y
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cre/loxP recombination is a powerful strategy widely used for in vivo conditional gene targeting. This technique has made possible many important discoveries of gene function in normal and disease biology. However, due to the transgenic nature of most Cre mouse strains undesired phenotypes occasionally occur in Cre mi...
journal_title:Transgenic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11248-014-9828-6
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00