Abstract：
:It is well-established that chemokines play a critical role in the orchestration of inflammation and immunity. Interactions between chemokines and their receptors are essential for the homing of specific subsets of leukocytes to their functional microenvironments. They also influence other diverse biological processes such as development, leukocyte activation, Th1/Th2 polarisation, tumour metastasis, angiogenesis, and HIV pathogenesis. However, despite their importance, only now are we beginning to understand the complex regulation brought to bear on these molecules. In this review, we discuss a number of these key chemokine regulators that exert their influence once these proteins have been synthesised. We examine (i) chemokine storage, release, and presentation, (ii) protease regulation, (iii) viral manipulation of host chemokines, and (iv) natural mammalian receptor antagonists. Principally, the growing evidence for a role for decoy receptors in the chemokine system is discussed. In particular, the potential decoy function of the 'silent' pro-inflammatory chemokine receptor D6 is described alongside two other candidate decoy receptor molecules, DARC, and CCX-CKR. Dissecting the biological and pathological function of these chemokine controllers will lead to a deeper understanding of chemokine regulation, and may reveal novel strategies to therapeutically modify the chemokine system.
journal_name
Immunol Lettjournal_title
Immunology lettersauthors
Comerford I,Nibbs RJdoi
10.1016/j.imlet.2004.08.018subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-31 00:00:00pages
163-74issue
2eissn
0165-2478issn
1879-0542pii
S0165-2478(04)00239-1journal_volume
96pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Investigating the functional effects of anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies (obtained through the Second International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens), antibodies to the sheep red cell receptor (CD2) were found to block lectin-dependent cytotoxicity. Blocking was seen with all anti-CD2 reagents tes...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(85)90151-8
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A theoretical analysis of experimental data is presented in this mini-review on non-random homo- and hetero-associations of cell surface receptors, which can be recruited in the plasma membrane or at the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum during the protein synthesis. In the latter case, the likely genetic ori...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(02)00024-x
更新日期：2002-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Work on mast cells and basophils began with their identification by Paul Ehrlich at the end of the 19th century. Mast cells and basophils were immediately perceived as closely linked cells and early nomenclature formulated by Ehrlich himself, i.e., tissue "Mastzellen" and blood "Mastzellen", reflected this unifying vi...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2011.06.008
更新日期：2011-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The experimental infection of macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) has provided strong evidence that it may be possible to develop a vaccine against AIDS. Live attenuated SIV vaccines have been found to confer the most potent protection against challenge with a variety of pathogenic viruses. This article ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00153-9
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antisera were raised in rabbits against a monoclonal antibody (McAb 103) of C3H.SW origin which is specific to the synthetic polypeptide (T,G)-A-L and was shown to express the major idiotypic determinants of conventional anti-(T,G)-A-L antibodies. Antibodies were purified and were shown in a binding assay to recognize...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(85)90130-0
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A monoclonal human rheumatoid factor (RF-AN) reactive with human Fc gamma is shown to recognise a discontinuous epitope dependent on the presence of histidine (His) at residue 435. RF-AN is not reactive with IgG1 paraproteins having C gamma 2 or C gamma 3 domain deletions or IgG3m (5) or Ig3m (21) proteins having argi...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(84)90042-7
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:SJL mice develop resistance against tolerance between the 9th and 25th wk of life. This resistance is linked with a loss of suppressor capacity in the thymus. We have shown here that contact photosensitivity (CPS) decreases as a function of age and that this is due to an age-dependent increase in suppressor capacity. ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(86)90102-1
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied isotype profiles of anti-HIV antibodies (Ab) in HIV-1-infected African patients with high viral loads and major B cell dysfunction. We focussed on IgG1, IgG3, and IgA as these classes and subclasses tend to support neutralizing functions against HIV. Total IgG1, IgG3 and IgA were detected in the plasma of b...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2004.02.004
更新日期：2004-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular chaperones (heat shock proteins, Hsp-s) play a pleiotropic role in immunological functions. Hsp-s participate in the presentation of peptide antigens, folding of several immunologically important proteins, such as the MHC, and in the maintenance of the activation-competent conformation of key signaling molec...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2003.11.025
更新日期：2004-03-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Estimation of a content of secondary structures from amino acid composition of IL-2 (TCGF), PDGF and transforming protein p28sis of simian sarcoma virus by means of the previously suggested nomograms (V.P. Zav'yalov and A.I. Denesyuk (1982) Immunol. Lett. 4, 7-14) allowed us to conclude that a dominant secondary struc...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(85)90178-6
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DC), the most potent antigen presenting cells (APC), have been shown able to process apoptotic tumor cells and necrotic tumor cells for antigen presentation. Apoptosis and necrosis are the two common final pathways through which the tumors are killed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The tumor cel...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2005.09.010
更新日期：2006-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of nor-MDP analogues were evaluated for adjuvanticity in rodents using beta hCG-TT conjugate as the antigen. Of these, one compound, N-acetylnor-muramyl-L-N-methylalanyl-D-isoglutamine octylamide (nor-MDP octylamide (N-Me-Ala] was found to be effective. This compound, formulated with beta hCG-TT in water-in-o...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(91)90244-5
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In murine models, challenge with different viral and parasitic infection is closely associated with the production of type I interferons (IFN-alpha/beta) and NK cell production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Therefore, we wished to determine if IFN-alpha/beta had a role in the regulation of NK cell production of IFN...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(97)00091-6
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The thymus contains a low frequency of B cells, about 0.1-0.5% of total population of thymocytes that were shown to contribute in thymic negative selection. The fact that B cells in the periphery have been contributed in the generation of the T regulatory cell compartment emerged the idea that this process may indeed ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2017.03.007
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well known that most physiological functions change with aging, including the immune response. Data concerning the aging of lymphocyte subpopulations are conflicting. The antigen density of peripheral blood lymphocytes has been determined by fluorescently tagged OKT-3, OKT-4, OKT-8, OKT-11 and OKM1 monoclonal an...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(90)90072-x
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A major factor in the ability of the placenta to avoid allograft rejection is the differential expression of MHC class I antigens on its surface. Using monoclonal antibodies and the electron microscopic immunogold technique, we have demonstrated that only the pregnancy-associated (Pa) antigen, which carries a broadly ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(87)90157-x
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Domain deleted paraproteins are suitable tools to study the interaction between IgG domains and Fc receptor (FcR) binding sites. The effect of the C gamma 2 or C gamma 3 domain deleted paraproteins was compared on antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and on FcR mediated rosette formation. The C gamma 2 doma...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(86)90035-0
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We determined the degree of activation of the TNF alpha system and the levels of IL-8 in HIV-1 infection. TNF alpha is one of the most potent agents for the induction of IL-8. TNF alpha may be cleared rapidly from the circulation, however soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) p75 which is more stable may refl...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(96)02583-7
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The monoclonal antibody (mAb) UN2 was generated upon immunization of a Balb/c mouse with human thymocytes. mAb UN2 recognized an antigen expressed by a subpopulation of human thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes. In thymus, mAb UN2 recognized cortical cells; its expression was higher on CD3bright than on CD3dim...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(94)90035-3
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have utilized a limiting dilution assay, involving a minimum of in vitro culture, to determine the frequencies of CD4+ T cells which have the capacity to secrete IL-2 (Th1), IL-4 (Th2) or IL-2 and IL-4 (Th0). CD4+ lymph node cells obtained from unimmunized mice were found to contain 40% Th1, 34% Th2, and 26% Th0 ce...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(90)90197-x
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T and B cell receptor repertoires are diversified by variable region gene rearrangement and selected based on functionality and lack of self-reactivity. Repertoires can also be defined based on phenotype and function rather than receptor specificity - such as the diversity of T helper cell subsets. Natural killer (NK)...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2012.08.002
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral vaccine responsiveness is often lower in children from less developed countries. Childhood malnutrition may be associated with poor immune response to oral vaccines. The present study was designed to investigate whether protein energy malnutrition (PEM) impairs B cell immunity and ultimately reduces oral vaccine ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.025
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of B cell depletion on the induction and severity of murine experimental autoimmune thyroiditis was investigated. Thirteen CBA mice were given repeated intraperitoneal doses of 700 micrograms purified rabbit anti-mouse Ig antibody from 24 hours to 8 weeks after birth. Controls were given normal rabbit IgG (...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(89)90063-1
更新日期：1989-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Aging is associated to dysfunctional changes in the immune system, a process termed immunosenescence. Elderly individuals usually present chronic low level inflammation, likely as the consequence of continued exposure to antigens combined with poor immune function, increases in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2014.06.015
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small soluble IgG aggregates of defined size were prepared from pooled human IgG by gel filtration chromatography, and examined by analytical ultracentrifugation. Three such fractions, dimer-rich, trimer-rich and 25S aggregate were used to inhibit IgG monomer binding in a study of the influence of aggregation in the b...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(83)90036-6
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD103(+)CD11b(+) dendritic cells (DC) are the major migratory DC subset in the small intestine lamina propria (siLP) and their survival is dependent on the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4). Mice with a DC-specific deletion of irf4 (CD11c-cre.Irf4 mice) have reduced mucosal CD103(+)CD11b(+) DC...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2016.05.012
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A novel mutant strain of rats, LEC, exhibits an arrest of T-cell maturation from CD4+CD8+ to CD4+CD8- but not the CD4-CD8+ cells in the thymus. Nevertheless, CD4+T cells arise in lymph nodes of LEC rats, implying extrathymic T-cell maturation. We analyzed the variable (V) and junctional region diversity of T-cell rece...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(94)00254-o
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and fatigue which may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The main hematological laboratory findings associated with the severe form of disease are represented by lymphopenia and eosinopenia which mostly occur in the elderly population characteriz...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2021.01.001
更新日期：2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The first step in the clearance of apoptotic cells is chemotactic migration of macrophages towards the apoptotic cells guided by find-me signals provided by the dying cells. Upon sensing the chemotactic signals, macrophages release ATP. ATP is then degraded to ADP, AMP and adenosine to trigger purinergic receptors con...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2017.02.002
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA-dependent RNA polymerase was partially purified from wheat germ extract and tested for inhibition by antinuclear autoantibodies from the sera of patients with connective tissue diseases. The enzyme was inhibited by anti-DNA and by autoantibodies to the nuclear ribonucleoprotein nRNP. Autoantibodies to other ribonu...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(83)90093-7
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
