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White matter hyperintensities in subjects with cocaine and opiate dependence and healthy comparison subjects.

Abstract：

:The prevalence, severity, and location of white matter signal hyperintensities (WMH) on brain magnetic resonance images were compared in patients with cocaine or opiate dependence and healthy subjects. Patients with cocaine (n=32) and opiate dependence (n=32), whose diagnoses were confirmed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, and age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (n=32) were scanned using a 1.5 T whole body GE magnetic resonance scanner. Axial proton-density and T2-weighted images were obtained as well as fluid-attenuated inversion recovery axial images. The severity of WMH was assessed separately for deep (and insular) and periventricular WMH, using a modified composite version of the rating scales of Fazekas and Coffey. The cocaine-dependent group had greater severity of WMH than the opiate-dependent group, which in turn had greater severity of WMH than the healthy comparison group (odds ratios=2.54 and 2.90, respectively). The cocaine-dependent group had greater lesion severity of deep and insular WMH than the opiate-dependent group and the healthy comparison group (odds ratio>3.25 for deep WMH; odds ratio>4.38 for insular WMH). For periventricular WMH, there were no significant differences between the three groups. The frontal lobes were the predominant locations of WMH in both substance-dependent groups. The greater prevalence and severity of WMH in cocaine-dependent subjects than in opiate-dependent subjects may reflect the fact that cocaine induces more ischemia via vasoconstriction than opiates. Also, there was a trend for lower WMH severity in substance-dependent women relative to the healthy comparison group, possibly due to estrogen's protective effect against cerebrovascular accidents.

journal_name

Psychiatry Res

journal_title

Psychiatry research

authors

Lyoo IK,Streeter CC,Ahn KH,Lee HK,Pollack MH,Silveri MM,Nassar L,Levin JM,Sarid-Segal O,Ciraulo DA,Renshaw PF,Kaufman MJ

doi

10.1016/j.pscychresns.2004.04.001

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-07-30 00:00:00

pages

135-45

issue

eissn

0165-1781

issn

1872-7123

pii

S0925492704000411

journal_volume

131

pub_type

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White matter hyperintensities in subjects with cocaine and opiate dependence and healthy comparison subjects.