Abstract:
:Little research has investigated the observational learning process from a developmental perspective. The purpose of this study was to extend previous research by considering two factors: performance versus learning and sequencing versus form scores. Children (N = 60) comprising two age groups (5-0 to 6-11 and 8-0 to 9-11 years) were randomly assigned to verbal rehearsal only, model only, or model plus verbal rehearsal conditions. The task was a 6-part motor skill sequence in which proper sequencing and quality of form were assessed. A 2 x 3 x 4 (age group by model type by trial blocks) repeated measures MANOVA revealed a significant three-way interaction. Older children performed equally well under any of the model type conditions during both performance and learning. For younger children, a model plus rehearsal was superior to rehearsal only on sequence and form at performance and learning and superior to model only on sequence scores during the first two performance trial blocks. Model only and model plus rehearsal conditions were equally effective on form scores. These results suggest that age differences exist in the modeling of motor skills under conditions varying in model type, sequence and form scores, and performance and learning phases.
journal_name
Res Q Exerc Sportjournal_title
Research quarterly for exercise and sportauthors
Weiss MR,Ebbeck V,Rose DJdoi
10.1080/02701367.1992.10608745subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-09-01 00:00:00pages
292-301issue
3eissn
0270-1367issn
2168-3824journal_volume
63pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::The purpose of this study was to test the effects of a 10-month exercise program on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral content/bone width (BMC/BW) of postmenopausal women. Thirty-one women (ages 57-83) completed either a general aerobics exercise program (n = 10), a general aerobics plus upper body weight tra...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.1990.10608686
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this paper is to review the biomechanics and exercise physiology studies published in the Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (RQES) over the past 75 years. Studies in biomechanics, a relatively new subdiscipline that evolved from kinesiology, first appeared in the journal about 40 years ago. Exer...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2005.10599289
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Resistance training is often performed in a traditional training style using deliberate relatively longer repetition durations or in an explosive training style using maximal intended velocities and relatively shorter repetition durations. Both improve strength, "power" (impulsivity), and speed. This study comp...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02701367.2018.1563276
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: To evaluate vascular function and its relationship to cardiorespiratory fitness in professional handball athletes. Method: We examined 30 male professional handball athletes (age 27 ± 4 y) and 10 male sedentary controls (age 26 ± 5 y) at rest. The workup included exercise testing via ergometry. To assess vasc...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2019.1639602
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluates the test-retest reliability and validity of self-report measures of physical activity that can be self-administered in classroom settings to 4th grade students. Four different self-report formats were tested on 66 students. To assess test-retest reliabilities, self-report measures were administere...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.1993.10608775
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sprint starts of 12 skilled collegiate sprinter/hurdlers were filmed for four different sprint start conditions. Ground reaction forces were collected for the first step out of the blocks and velocities through a 2-m speed trap immediately following the first support phase were recorded. The subjects employed thei...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.1992.10607573
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Part II of this study, we examined the effect of two 9-week instructional climates (low-autonomy [LA] and mastery motivational climate [MMC]) on perceived physical competence (PPC) in preschoolers (N = 117). Participants were randomly assigned to an LA, MMC, or comparison group. PPC was assessed by a pretest, postt...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02701367.2009.10599592
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Index of Coordination (IdC) and the propulsive phase durations can differentiate performance level during a maximal 400-m front crawl swim trial. Sixteen male swimmers constituted two groups based on performance level (G1: experts; G2: recreational). All participa...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2011.10599716
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the study was to examine how young children interact in the context of learning fundamental motor skills. Twenty-nine preschool children were observed during a period of six consecutive months while they were participating in their daily motor skills program. Fieldwork research methodology was used and ...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.1994.10607622
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine differences in knowledge representation and problem solutions in expert and novice youth baseball players. Ninety-four players in two age divisions, 7-8 years of age and 9-10 years of age, were assigned to three levels of expertise: high; average; and low skilled. Each subject ...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.1996.10607970
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: This study aimed to investigate the repeated effect of social media on smartphones immediately before training sessions on inhibitory control (Stroop task), endurance (tethered swimming), countermovement jump (CMJ), and swimming performance (50, 100, and 400-m freestyle) in high-level female swimmers. Metho...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2020.1810848
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Sedentary women (n = 92) classified as low (L), medium (M), and high (H) in baseline step counts and assigned to 10,000-step goal (TSG) and personal step goal (PSG) groups (within levels) were compared on goal attainment and step counts. A significant interaction for goal attainment, F(2, 86) = 4.51, p = .014, indicat...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2004.10609143
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to closed-loop accounts of motor control, movement errors are detected by comparing sensory feedback to an acquired reference state. Differences between the reference state and the movement-produced feedback results in an error signal that serves as a basis for a correction. The main question addressed in th...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02701367.2010.10599678
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This 4-year study, conducted in seven elementary schools assigned to three conditions--Physical Education Specialists (PES), Trained Classroom Teachers (TT), and Controls (CO)--had two parts. The first investigated effects of a health-related physical education program on quantity and quality of lessons. Specialists p...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.1997.10608009
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Involvement in sports increases the risk for injury and the risk for prescription opioid use and misuse. This was an exploratory retrospective study to examine if previous involvement in interscholastic sports was associated with a greater lifetime prevalence of medical prescription opioid use, lifetime risk fo...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2014.983219
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to develop a regression equation to predict maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) based on nonexercise (N-EX) data. All participants (N = 100), ages 18-65 years, successfully completed a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) to assess VO2max (M = 39.96 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1), SD = 9.54). The N-EX da...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2005.10599315
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to identify the effects of a differential-learning program, embedded in small-sided games, on the creative and tactical behavior of youth soccer players. Forty players from under-13 (U13) and under-15 (U15) were allocated into control and experimental groups and were tested using a ran...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2017.1412063
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study is an extension of an earlier investigation of undergraduate students' acquisition of key pedagogical concepts in a physical education teaching methodology course. In that study, Pathfinder, a method for eliciting associative memory networks, was used to describe and compare the pedagogical knowledge struct...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.1993.10608813
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined whether the walk-to-run transition speed (W-RTS) and the run-to-walk transition speed (R-WTS) were different or more variable between participants with and without intellectual disability (ID). Nine adults with ID and 10 adults without ID completed in a series of walk-to-run and run-to-walk trials ...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2008.10599515
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: This study provides a longitudinal examination of the influences enhancing or constraining the development of efficacy in ten induction physical educators. Method: Over a span of three years, data from structured interviews and responses to the Physical Education Teaching Efficacy Scale were collected at seve...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2019.1650878
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a planned mastery motivational physical play session on physical activity (i.e., heart rate [HR] and physical play intensity [PAHR > 50]) in toddlers (N = 21), as compared to a nonplanned free play session. Participants wore a monitor to measure HR over t...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2007.10599414
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An estimated 2.5 million people worldwide are living with multiple sclerosis (MS), and this disease may be increasing in prevalence. MS is a disease of the central nervous system that is associated with heterogeneous symptoms and functional consequences, and the current first-line disease-modifying therapies often bec...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2015.1023099
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research has shown that experts exhibit superior response selection and skill execution during performance in youth sport. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in cognitive and skill execution components of game performance in young baseball players (N = 159) with varying levels of expertise. ...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.1995.10608833
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: To test confirmatory factor analyses of successful aging composed of physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning factors in masters athletes (n = 764) and non-sporting adults (n = 404), and compare the physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning of masters athletes versus non-spo...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2019.1702146
更新日期:2020-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the agreement of five commercially available accelerometers in estimating energy expenditure while performing an acute bout of high-intensity functional training (HIFT). Methods: Participants (n = 47; average age: 28.5 ± 11.6 years) consisted of recreationally active,...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2019.1603989
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This research examined attentional bias toward exercise-related images using a visual probe task. It was hypothesized that more-active participants would display attentional bias toward the exercise-related images. The results showed that men displayed attentional bias for the exercise images. There was a significant ...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2011.10599758
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: This study builds a stochastic model of a discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) that fits well with a dataset of professional playing records. Methods: The point-by-point dataset of Men's single matches played in the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tour from 2011 to 2015 is analyzed. A long-debated assu...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2019.1666203
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Few studies have directly compared excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and fat utilization following different exercise intensities, and the effect of continuous exercise exceeding 75% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) on these parameters remains unexplored. The current study examined EPOC and fat uti...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.2018.1513633
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the development of self-perceptions of ability and achievement goals and their relationships in physical education. Three hundred and eight students in 4th, 8th, and 11th grades completed questionnaires assessing their goal orientations, conceptions of ability, and perceived competence in physical ...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.1998.10607690
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This experiment investigates the recent proposal of Schmidt, Young, Swinnen, and Shapiro (1989) that summary knowledge of results (KR) improves skill retention. In Schmidt et al.'s experiment, however, summary length varied concomitantly with the frequency of KR presentation. The current investigation held KR presenta...
journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02701367.1991.10607515
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00