A biomechanical analysis of four sprint start positions.

Abstract:

:The sprint starts of 12 skilled collegiate sprinter/hurdlers were filmed for four different sprint start conditions. Ground reaction forces were collected for the first step out of the blocks and velocities through a 2-m speed trap immediately following the first support phase were recorded. The subjects employed their preferred right-left leg placement in the blocks, while the anterior-posterior spacing of the front block with respect to the starting line and the amount of forward lean in the set position were varied. Four positions were constructed that accounted for anthropometric differences. The four positions consisted of combinations of two arm orientations (forward lean and perpendicular to ground) and two front block to starting line distances (bunched and elongated). Kinematic data were reduced to provide center of mass position and velocity measures and analyzed for critical periods throughout the starting action. Selected critical events from the first step kinetic records were also analyzed. The results indicated that the elongated starting positions resulted in greater horizontal displacement, greater propelling impulse, increased first step toe-off velocity, and greater average velocity through a 2-m speed trap. Arm orientation effects were less well defined. Forward lean tended to result in greater vertical velocity at block clearance and horizontal velocity at first step toe-off, whereas perpendicular arm positioning resulted in greater 2-m speed trap velocity.

journal_name

Res Q Exerc Sport

authors

Schot PK,Knutzen KM

doi

10.1080/02701367.1992.10607573

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1992-06-01 00:00:00

pages

137-47

issue

2

eissn

0270-1367

issn

2168-3824

journal_volume

63

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Profiles of Physical Fitness and Fitness Enjoyment Among Children: Associations With Sports Participation.

    abstract::Purpose: The present study examined whether groups of children with different physical fitness and fitness enjoyment profiles could be identified and, if so, whether the different groups varied from one another in terms of organized sports participation. Method: Five hundred and fifty-eight 8-11-year-olds (56.99% boys...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2020.1788700

    authors: De Meester A,Wazir MRWN,Lenoir M,Bardid F

    更新日期:2020-09-09 00:00:00

  • Gaze Strategies in Skateboard Trick Jumps: Spatiotemporal Constraints in Complex Locomotion.

    abstract:PURPOSE:This study aimed to further the knowledge on gaze behavior in locomotion by studying gaze strategies in skateboard jumps of different difficulty that had to be performed either with or without an obstacle. METHOD:Nine experienced skateboarders performed "Ollie" and "Kickflip" jumps either over an obstacle or o...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2016.1229864

    authors: Klostermann A,Küng P

    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00

  • Extending validity evidence for multidimensional measures of coaching competency.

    abstract::This study extended validity evidence for multidimensional measures of coaching competency derived from the Coaching Competency Scale (CCS; Myers, Feltz, Maier, Wolfe, & Reckase, 2006) by examining use of the original rating scale structure and testing how measures related to satisfaction with the head coach within te...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2006.10599380

    authors: Myers ND,Wolfe EW,Maier KS,Feltz DL,Reckase MD

    更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00

  • Train Smarter, Play More: Insights About Preparation and Game Participation in Youth National Team.

    abstract::Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical preparation, training sessions (TS) and friendly matches' (FM) demands, and playing status during European Championship (EC). Method: Twelve under-16 (U-16) basketball players performed physical (jumping, agility, aerobic fitness, and lowe...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2019.1693012

    authors: Arede J,Ferreira AP,Esteves P,Gonzalo-Skok O,Leite N

    更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00

  • Validity and reliability of International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form in Chinese youth.

    abstract:PURPOSE:The psychometric profiles of the widely used International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) in Chinese youth have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the IPAQ-SF using a sample of Chinese youth. METHOD:One thousand and twenty-one youth...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2013.850991

    authors: Wang C,Chen P,Zhuang J

    更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00

  • Gait transitions of persons with and without intellectual disability.

    abstract::This study examined whether the walk-to-run transition speed (W-RTS) and the run-to-walk transition speed (R-WTS) were different or more variable between participants with and without intellectual disability (ID). Nine adults with ID and 10 adults without ID completed in a series of walk-to-run and run-to-walk trials ...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2008.10599515

    authors: Agiovlasitis S,Yun J,Pavol MJ,McCubbin JA,Kim SY

    更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00

  • Movement coordination in ball catching: comparison between boys with and without developmental coordination disorder.

    abstract::This investigation examined the catching coordination of 12 boys (M age = 9.9 years, SD = .8) with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD; M age = 10.5 years, SD = .8), under different task constraints. Participants attempted a total of 60 catches in central and lateral locations, under blocked and rando...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2010.10599662

    authors: Przysucha EP,Maraj BK

    更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00

  • Top 10 Research Questions Related to Teaching Games for Understanding.

    abstract::In this article, we elaborate on 10 current research questions related to the "teaching games for understanding" (TGfU) approach with the objective of both developing the model itself and fostering game understanding, tactical decision making, and game-playing ability in invasion and net/wall games: (1) How can existi...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2015.1087294

    authors: Memmert D,Almond L,Bunker D,Butler J,Fasold F,Griffin L,Hillmann W,Hüttermann S,Klein-Soetebier T,König S,Nopp S,Rathschlag M,Schul K,Schwab S,Thorpe R,Furley P

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Creating Inclusive Physical Activity Spaces: The Case of Body-Positive Yoga.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Within the modern cultural climate, those in larger bodies face high levels of weight stigma, particularly in sport and physical activity spaces, which serves as a strong barrier to their participation. However, given the strong link between physical activity and general health and well-being for participants, ...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2017.1335851

    authors: Pickett AC,Cunningham GB

    更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00

  • Parental beliefs and children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

    abstract::The present study was guided by the Family Influence Model to examine the role of parental beliefs in their children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The specific purposes were to (1) examine the nature of a parental belief system that may be relevant to children's MVPA participation, (2) determine if ...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.1998.10607681

    authors: Kimiecik JC,Horn TS

    更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00

  • Exploring the Intersection Between Disability and Overweightness in Physical Education Among Females With Visual Impairments.

    abstract::Purpose: The purpose of this study was to adopt an explicitly intersectional approach to examine the experiences of women identifying as having a visual impairment and as being overweight or obese in integrated physical education (PE). Method: An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) research approach was use...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2019.1600652

    authors: Haegele JA,Zhu X,Holland K

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • The reliability and validity of the 20-meter shuttle test in American students 12 to 15 years old.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was threefold: to determine (a) the test-retest reliability of the 20-m shuttle test (20 MST) (number of laps), (b) the concurrent validity of the 20 MST (number of laps), and (c) the validity of the prediction equation for VO2max developed by Léger, Mercier, Gadoury, and Lambert (1988) on Ca...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/02701367.1992.10608757

    authors: Liu NY,Plowman SA,Looney MA

    更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00

  • Examination of the validity of the Social Support Survey using confirmatory factor analysis.

    abstract::The Social Support Survey (SSS), validated by Richman, Rosenfeld, and Hardy (1993), is a multidimensional self-report measure of social support tested with student athletes. The SSS contains eight dimensions of support. For each dimension of support the same four questions are posed. The SSS could, therefore, be score...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2000.10608915

    authors: Rees T,Hardy L,Ingledew DK,Evans L

    更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00

  • Familial aggregation in physical activity.

    abstract::The purposes of this study were to (a) examine the stability and consistency of the Caltrac accelerometer (Hemokinetics, Madison, WI) and an activity record to assess physical activity in children and adults (Experiment 1), and (b) to determine if there is a relationship between parents and their children in physical ...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.1991.10607538

    authors: Freedson PS,Evenson S

    更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00

  • A Coding System to Quantify Powerful Actions in Soccer Match Play: A Pilot Study.

    abstract:PURPOSE:The powerful activity profile of elite soccer match play has not been documented appropriately to inform specific maximal power assessment and development criteria. The aims of the current study were to develop a reliable  soccer-specific powerful action (SSPA) notational analysis coding system that could be us...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2019.1576838

    authors: Murtagh CF,Naughton RJ,McRobert AP,O'Boyle A,Morgans R,Drust B,Erskine RM

    更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00

  • Concurrent augmented feedback and isometric force generation during familiar and unfamiliar muscle movements.

    abstract::To evaluate the effect of concurrent augmented feedback on isometric force output during familiar and unfamiliar muscle movements, 18 men and 21 women, 18 to 23 years of age, completed two isometric exercises: flexion of the thumb (a familiar muscle movement) and abduction of the fifth digit (an unfamiliar movement). ...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1080/02701367.1990.10607480

    authors: Graves JE,James RJ

    更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00

  • Detecting bouts of physical activity in a field setting.

    abstract::The purposes of this study were to assess the TRITRAC and CSA for: (a) interaccelerometer agreement; (b) agreement in detecting patterns of moderate-intensity physical activity; and (c) agreement in detecting walking patterns recorded in a diary. Thirty-one women wore both the TRITRAC and CSA accelerometers for three ...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.1999.10608041

    authors: Mâsse LC,Fulton JE,Watson KL,Heesch KC,Kohl HW 3rd,Blair SN,Tortolero SR

    更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00

  • The Effect of Initial Knee Angle on Concentric-Only Squat Jump Performance.

    abstract:PURPOSE:There is uncertainty as to which knee angle during a squat jump (SJ) produces maximal jump performance. Importantly, understanding this information will aid in determining appropriate ratios for assessment and monitoring of the explosive characteristics of athletes. METHOD:This study compared SJ performance ac...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2017.1293777

    authors: Mitchell LJ,Argus CK,Taylor KL,Sheppard JM,Chapman DW

    更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00

  • Factorial validity and invariance of a self-report measure of physical activity among adolescent girls.

    abstract::We examined the factorial validity and factorial invariance of the 3-day physical activity recall (3DPAR) using confirmatory factor analysis. Adolescent girls from two cohorts (N = 955, N = 1,797) completed the 3DPAR in the eighth grade; participants in Cohort 2 (N = 1,658) completed the 3DPAR again 1 year later in th...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2004.10609159

    authors: Motl RW,Dishman RK,Dowda M,Pate RR

    更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00

  • On the generality of the "sit and reach" test: an analysis of flexibility data for an aging population.

    abstract::Head rotation, shoulder extension and rotation, ankle plantar and dorsiflexion, hip flexion, and sit and reach (SR) scores were examined in 41 women and 39 men, aged 45-75 years. The SR gave more reproducible data than the other measurements (intraclass test/retest correlation over 8 months, r = .83). SR scores were i...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.1990.10607495

    authors: Shephard RJ,Berridge M,Montelpare W

    更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00

  • Top 10 research questions related to physical activity and multiple sclerosis.

    abstract::An estimated 2.5 million people worldwide are living with multiple sclerosis (MS), and this disease may be increasing in prevalence. MS is a disease of the central nervous system that is associated with heterogeneous symptoms and functional consequences, and the current first-line disease-modifying therapies often bec...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2015.1023099

    authors: Motl RW,Learmonth YC,Pilutti LA,Gappmaier E,Coote S

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluating the prediction of maximal heart rate in children and adolescents.

    abstract::In this study, we compared measured maximal heart rate (HRmax) to two different HRmax prediction equations [22 - age and 208 - 0.7(age)] in 52 children ages 7-17 years. We determined the relationship of chronological age, maturational age, and resting HR to measured HRmax and assessed seated resting HR and HRmax durin...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2010.10599707

    authors: Mahon AD,Marjerrison AD,Lee JD,Woodruff ME,Hanna LE

    更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00

  • Physical self and physical activity relationships in college women: does social physique anxiety moderate effects?

    abstract::This research assessed whether social physique anxiety moderated the relationship between physical self-perceptions and the level of physical activity involvement in young women. Participants were 354 female students who completed the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS), Physical Self-Perception Profile, Self-Adminis...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2001.10608932

    authors: Kowalski NP,Crocker PR,Kowalski KC

    更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00

  • A meta-analysis of periodized versus nonperiodized strength and power training programs.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to quantitatively combine and examine the results of studies examining the effectiveness of periodized (PER) compared to nonperiodized (Non-PER) training programs for strength and/or power development. Two analyses were conducted to (a) examine the magnitude of treatment effect elicited b...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2004.10609174

    authors: Rhea MR,Alderman BL

    更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00

  • Experienced physical education teachers reaching their "use-by date": powerless and disrespected.

    abstract::With the needs of experienced teachers potentially overshadowed by a focus on recruitment, the purpose of this study was to retrospectively explore the reasons why three experienced physical education teachers resigned. They were interviewed through Louis and Smith's (1990) quality of work life (QWL) model. Data sugge...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2007.10599448

    authors: Whipp PR,Tan G,Yeo PT

    更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00

  • Can You Hear That Peak? Utilization of Auditory and Visual Feedback at Peak Limb Velocity.

    abstract:PURPOSE:At rest, the central nervous system combines and integrates multisensory cues to yield an optimal percept. When engaging in action, the relative weighing of sensory modalities has been shown to be altered. Because the timing of peak velocity is the critical moment in some goal-directed movements (e.g., overarm ...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2016.1196810

    authors: Loria T,de Grosbois J,Tremblay L

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • Quadriceps and Gastrocnemii Anatomical Cross-Sectional Area and Vastus Lateralis Fascicle Length Predict Peak-Power and Time-To-Peak-Power.

    abstract::Purpose: The current study investigated the role of quadriceps and gastrocnemii size and vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius medialis muscle architecture in peak-power and time-to-peak-power exerted in an all-out Wingate test. Twenty-one amateur cyclists were recruited. Methods: Quadriceps and gastrocnemii anatomical c...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2019.1648745

    authors: Coratella G,Longo S,Rampichini S,Limonta E,Shokohyar S,Bisconti AV,Cè E,Esposito F

    更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00

  • Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport lecture. Statewide physical fitness testing: a big waist or a big waste?

    abstract::Statewide physical fitness testing is gaining popularity in the United States because of increased childhood obesity levels, the relations between physical fitness and academic performance, and the hypothesized relations between adult characteristics and childhood physical activity, physical fitness, and health behavi...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type:

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2009.10599610

    authors: Morrow JR Jr,Ede A

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • Attentional bias for exercise-related images.

    abstract::This research examined attentional bias toward exercise-related images using a visual probe task. It was hypothesized that more-active participants would display attentional bias toward the exercise-related images. The results showed that men displayed attentional bias for the exercise images. There was a significant ...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2011.10599758

    authors: Berry TR,Spence JC,Stolp SM

    更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00

  • Rationale for the Essential Components of Physical Education.

    abstract::Purpose: This introductory article provides the context and rationale for conducting systematic literature reviews on each of the essential components of physical education, including policy and environment, curriculum, appropriate instruction, and student assessment. Methods: Four research teams from Doctoral Physica...

    journal_title:Research quarterly for exercise and sport

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/02701367.2020.1854427

    authors: Michael SL,Wright C,Mays Woods A,van der Mars H,Brusseau TA,Stodden DF,Burson SL,Fisher J,Killian CM,Mulhearn SC,Nesbitt DR,Pfledderer CD

    更新日期:2021-01-19 00:00:00