Abstract:
:Loss of photoreceptor cells is one of the major causes of blindness. Several groups are exploring the functional replacement of photoreceptors by a retinal prosthesis. The goal of this study was to simulate the vision levels that recipients of retinal prostheses with 4 x 4, 6 x 10, and 16 x 16 electrode arrays may experience, and to test the functionality of this vision. A PC video camera captured images that were converted in real time into dots ("pixels"). The PC monitor and a head-mounted display worn by test subjects displayed the pixelized images. To assess performance of normally sighted individuals with each array, we designed a set of tasks including: four-choice orientation discrimination of a Sloan letter E, object recognition and discrimination, a cutting task, a pouring task, symbol recognition, and two reading tasks. In the letter E task, subjects were found to have visual acuities of 20/1,810, 20/1,330, and 20/420 with the 4 x 4, 6 x 10, and 16 x 16 arrays, respectively. Most subjects were able to read fonts as small as 36 point with the 16 x 16 array, corresponding with a visual acuity of 20/600 in our system. The test subjects partially overcame the visual limitation of the system by scanning the video camera over the letters allowing spatial and temporal integration of visual information. In all categories, subjects performed best with the 16 x 16 array and least well with the 4 x 4 array. Even with the lowest resolution array, however, some subjects could recognize simple objects and symbols.
journal_name
Artif Organsjournal_title
Artificial organsauthors
Hayes JS,Yin VT,Piyathaisere D,Weiland JD,Humayun MS,Dagnelie Gdoi
10.1046/j.1525-1594.2003.07309.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-11-01 00:00:00pages
1016-28issue
11eissn
0160-564Xissn
1525-1594pii
7309journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The insults sustained by transplanted livers (hepatectomy, hypothermic preservation, and normothermic reperfusion) could compromise hepatic function. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a physiologic gaseous signaling molecule, like nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). We examined the effect of diallyl disulfide as a H₂S...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2011.01256.x
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to define physiological properties of the autograft root, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings relative to three different operative techniques were compared with those of control subjects. Twenty-three patients, 18/5 M/F, aged 32 ± 9 years, underwent MRI assessment of the aortic root. Patients with norm...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2011.01202.x
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to verify if dialysis solution volumes used in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) interfere with pulmonary function and if the pulmonary volumes interfere with the lymphatic absorption of the peritoneal cavity. We submitted 10 CAPD patients with a mean age of 48 +/- ...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-1594.2001.06904.x
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accurate representation of rotary blood pumps in a numerical environment is important for meaningful investigation of pump-cardiovascular system interactions. Although numerous models for ventricular assist devices (VADs) have been developed, modeling methods for rotary total artificial hearts (rTAHs) are still re...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/aor.12142
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapeutic means to lower Lp(a) are limited. The most effective method to reduce plasma Lp(a) concentration significantly is therapeutic apheresis, namely, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) apheresis. A novel technique based on reusable LDL adsorber called Lipocollect 200 (Medicollect, Rimbach, Ger...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00959.x
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurological morbidity is a major concern in pediatric cardiac surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass is one of the few modifiable factors affecting neurodevelopmental outcome. This study aimed to measure the incidence of abnormalities apparent by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after neonatal arterial switch operation usin...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2011.01325.x
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release has been implicated in a sepsis-like syndrome following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This also may be important in patients who have had a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implanted. This report investigates the effect of reducing systemic blood flow on hemodynamic...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-1594.2001.025002146.x
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postoperative liver failure remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after extensive hepatectomies. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a hepatocyte bioreactor in the treatment of experimental post-hepatectomy liver failure. Our experimental model included a combination of a side-to-side portacava...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2010.01016.x
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis is accelerated in dialysis patients, but less is known about asymptomatic atherosclerosis and major risk factors in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We compared intima media thickness (IMT) and plaque occurrence in the carotid arteries in 104 nondiabetic patients (stages ...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00522.x
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Capillary membrane filters are devices commonly used for plasmapheresis and recirculating detoxification systems, including plasmaseparation units. Besides clinical trials and case reports, research on plasmafiltration techniques is carried out using in vitro systems. Notably, such hemoperfused in vitro systems requir...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-1594.2003.07132.x
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The power-law based models for predicting shear-induced hemolysis are widely used in the optimization design of blood-contacting devices. However, this category of models has fallen short of accuracy when compared with the results of the in vitro experiments. The aim of this study is to develop an alternative model fr...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/aor.12294
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most bioartificial liver support systems are based on hollow fiber capillaries within modified dialysis cartridges or more sophisticated bioreactor constructions. Due to their design microscopic follow-up of reorganization and growth of tissue between the hollow fibers is not possible. The SlideReactor is a simple hol...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2005.29049.x
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A surgical method for the implantation of a mechanical right ventricular assist device which avoids resternotomy/thoracotomy and related complications at the time of explantation is presented. In order to support the failing right heart, a Dacron vascular graft was sewn to the pulmonary artery. For venous drainage, a ...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2012.01520.x
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In patients with reduced respiratory function, lung resection is associated with high risk because separate ventilation is generally needed for safe management. For patients with end-stage emphysema, intraoperative respiratory management is important and particularly difficult because neither incomplete oxygenation no...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-1594.2000.06339.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to characterize and compare human great saphenous veins (HGSVs), HGSV cryoallografts, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) segments, and elastic and muscular arteries' biomechanics, so as to identify if the biomechanical coupling and the HGSV advantages with respect to ePTFE depend on the...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00467.x
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stem cells transplanted to an injured heart affect the host myocardium indirectly. The cytokine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) may play a key role in this paracrine activity. We hypothesized that HGF-overexpressing stem cells would restore cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Because there is a high rate...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2011.01328.x
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a preliminary experiment, 38% of the spent dialysis fluid water was reclaimed by a forward osmosis process through a cellulose triacetate membrane. The simplicity of forward osmosis and its minimal external energy requirements may allow the construction of a small bulk device that can reclaim a considerable portion...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00816.x
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this work is the evaluation of four different heat exchangers used for myocardium during cardioplegic system in cardiac surgeries. Four types of shell and tube heat exchangers made of different exchange elements were constructed, as follows: stainless steel tubes, aluminium tubes, polypropylene hollow fiber...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-1594.2003.07240.x
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to compare the hemodynamic performances and gaseous microemboli (GME) handling ability of two pediatric oxygenators in a simulated pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model and the importance of adding an arterial filter in the circuit. The circuit consisted of a Braile Infant oxygen...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/aor.12912
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current hemodialysis treatment is insufficient because of intermittent treatment and loss of tubular function. In order to overcome the loss of tubular function, a bioartificial kidney has been developed consisting of continuous hemofiltration (CHF) with 10 L/day of filtrate and a bioartificial tubule device using pro...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2004.07323.x
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interest in the effects and possible mechanisms of hemodialysis on schizophrenic patients has led to a double-blind evaluation of the effects of plasmapheresis on symptoms of schizophrenia. Also, plasmapheresis was felt to be an invaluable tool for investigating the autoimmune theory of schizophrenia. Patients (n = 10...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.1983.tb04203.x
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To expand the usage of the centrifugal pump (CP) in open heart surgery, we performed two studies. In the first, we evaluated pulsatile flow in the CP. In vitro pump performance of the Terumo Capiox pump (TCP) and the Sarns Delphin pump (SDP) and increase of free hemoglobin (mg/dl) after driving 6 h were investigated u...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.1994.tb03393.x
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Secondary flow in the centrifugal blood pump helps to enhance the washout effect and to minimize thrombus formation. On the other hand, it has an adverse effect on pump efficiency. Excessive secondary flow may induce hemolytic effects. Understanding the secondary flow is thus important to the design of a compact, effi...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2004.29012.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared in vitro rates of hemolysis for a recently developed centrifugal pump with a conventional roller pump (10-10-00; Stöckert, Munich, Germany). Flow rates of 0.3 L/min and 1 L/min and a pressure of 200 mm Hg were chosen to simulate conditions during neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). There w...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.1996.tb04485.x
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated biodegradation and biocompatibility of poly(organophosphazenes). We prepared poly(organophosphazenes) having different side chain groups. The blood compatibility of poly(organophosphazenes) containing fluorinated side groups, poly(bis[trifluoroethoxy]phosphazene) (PbFP) and poly([trifluoroethoxy][ethyl...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-1594.2002.07029.x
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improvements in implantable ventricular assist device (VAD) performance will be required to obtain patient outcomes that are comparable with those of heart transplantation. The HeartQuest VAD (WorldHeart, Oakland, CA, U.S.A.) is an advanced device, with full magnetic suspension of the rotor, designed to address specif...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2006.00223.x
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Percutaneous femoral venoarterial (VA) or jugular venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can result in delivery of hypoxic blood to the brain, coronaries, and upper extremities. Additionally, VA-ECMO by percutaneous femoral artery cannulation may compromise perfusion to the lower limbs. Use of near...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2012.01496.x
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) requirement in infants presents a unique challenge because of the large prime volume-to-blood volume ratio. Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) tend to deteriorate with long-term storage owing to their unphysiological composition and osmolality. Given that blood priming is inevitable in neonate...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/aor.13559
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article describes two ongoing numerical studies of fluid-structure interaction in the cardiovascular system: an idealized pulsatile ventricular assist device (VAD), consisting of two fluid chambers separated by a flexible diaphragm; and blood flow and heart wall motion during passive filling of a canine heart. Si...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2008.00644.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Existing peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions were formulated for the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, correction of metabolic acidosis, and the removal of metabolic waste products. Solutions currently in development are designed to improve biocompatibility by neutralizing pH and reducing glucose degradatio...
journal_title:Artificial organs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1525-1594.1998.06022.x
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00