Abstract：
:Available evidence indicates that mammary gland secretions first evolved in synapsids that laid parchment-shelled eggs. Unlike the rigid-shelled eggs of birds and some other sauropsids, parchment-shelled eggs lose water very rapidly when exposed to ambient air of lower vapor pressure, whether due to differences in relative humidity or to differences in temperature. This precludes endothermic incubation of parchment-shelled eggs in an open nest. Synapsids may have avoided egg desiccation by incubating eggs in a pouch, but this would limit maternal activity. Parchment-shelled eggs are able to take up liquid water across the eggshell. I propose that mammary secretion originally evolved as a means of supplying water to eggs, and as such was essential to the evolution of endothermy among the egg-laying cynodonts that were ancestral to mammals. It is possible that synapsid eggs, like parchment-shelled squamate eggs, were also capable of uptake of some nutrients, such as sodium and ionic calcium. Living monotremes still produce parchment-shelled eggs. The porous eggshell and bilaminar yolk sac membrane of these eggs permit substantial uptake of uterine secretions during the intrauterine period, and might also facilitate uptake of mammary secretions during egg incubation. In its simplest form, mammary secretion may be an ancient trait of egg-laying synapsids, having had an important role long before milk became obligatory for suckling young.
journal_name
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasiajournal_title
Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasiaauthors
Oftedal OTdoi
10.1023/a:1022848632125subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-07-01 00:00:00pages
253-66issue
3eissn
1083-3021issn
1573-7039journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Since the discovery that neural tissue contains a population of stem cells that form neurospheres in vitro, sphere-forming assays have been adapted for use with a number of different tissue types for the quantification of stem cell activity and self-renewal. One tissue type widely used for stem cell investigations is ...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-012-9255-3
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most of the development and functional differentiation in the mammary gland occur after birth. Epigenetics is defined as the stable alterations in gene expression potential that arise during development and proliferation. Epigenetic changes are mediated at the biochemical level by the chromatin conformation initiated ...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
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doi：10.1007/s10911-010-9170-4
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-007-9048-2
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1025727103811
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), a major regulator of the mononuclear phagocytic lineage, is expressed in more than 70% of human breast cancers and its expression is correlated with poor prognosis. Studies of CSF-1 null mutant mice demonstrated that CSF-1 plays an important role in normal mammary ductal developmen...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1020399802795
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various retroviral and lentiviral vectors have been used for up-the-teat intraductal injection to deliver markers, oncogenes, and other genes into mammary epithelial cells in mice. These methods along with the large number of genetically engineered mouse lines have greatly helped us learn normal breast development and...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10911-020-09469-w
更新日期：2020-11-09 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02013640
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Premalignant breast disease in humans is a concept that admits to a broad range of elements and possible determinants predicting the likelihood of developing breast cancer. Most of these elements are relative, such as the risk of breast cancer for women that is 130 times that of men and peaks at a younger age by about...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1009521726605
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of genes and proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis in mammary epithelial cells (MECs) is complicated by the presence of adipose tissue in the mammary gland, which may be predominant in whole tissue lysates depending upon developmental stage. We have developed a method based on protocols used to establish pr...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10911-009-9161-5
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-011-9230-4
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since breast cancer and its associated metastasis are a global health problem and a major cause of mortality among women, research efforts to understand the development, morphogenesis, and functioning of the mammary gland are a high priority. Myriad signaling pathways, transcription factors, and associated transcripti...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-007-9043-7
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of death among women with malignant diseases. The selection of adequate therapies for highly invasive and metastatic BCs still represents a major challenge. Novel combinatorial therapeutic approaches are urgently required to enhance the efficiency of BC treatment. Recently, microR...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-021-09478-3
更新日期：2021-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium is an important nutrient that is secreted into milk in quantities that put a considerable stress upon maternal calcium homeostasis. Here we summarize the evidence that two important entities, the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) are involved in a feed...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-005-5396-y
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammary gland involution, characterized by extensive apoptosis and structural remodelling of the gland, is the process by which the gland is returned to the pre-pregnant state. A key advantage of the mammary gland is the ability to synchronize involution through forced weaning, thus allowing the dissection of biochemi...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-007-9034-8
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male breast cancer is a rare disease and clinical or epidemiological data are available from only a relatively few cases. Nonetheless, both similarities and discrepancies are apparent between breast cancer in men and women. For example, lobular and mucinous carcinomas are seldom seen in men. Tumors in men more often d...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1009546811429
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ductal development in the pubertal mouse mammary gland is characterized by dramatic morphological changes in the epithelium driven by proliferation of cap and body cells in the terminal endbuds. Recent experiments revealed a coincident and abundant apoptosis in the body cells of these structures. The cells undergoing ...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1018733426625
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has long been appreciated that the estrogen receptor (ER) plays an important role in the biology of breast cancer. It is an accepted factor predicting favorable disease outcome and treatment response, and as such is generally considered to represent a "good" prognostic marker in breast cancer. In this review we pre...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1014782813943
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Postpartum mammary gland involution is a mammalian tissue remodeling event that occurs after pregnancy and lactation to return the gland to the pre-pregnant state. This event is characterized by apoptosis and lysosomal-mediated cell death of the majority of the lactational mammary epithelium, followed by remodeling of...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-020-09451-6
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-015-9332-5
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/B:JOMG.0000048774.27697.30
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-020-09467-y
更新日期：2020-11-19 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-012-9258-0
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-006-9013-5
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02017392
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1011312808421
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The potential role of smoking in breast cancer risk has been the subject of over 100 publications, numerous scientific reviews, and animated debate. Tobacco exposure is a well-established cause of lung cancer, and is thought to account for nearly one third of all cancer deaths. Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chem...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-012-9269-x
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With our improved understanding of the biological behavior of breast cancer, minimally invasive intervention is urgently needed for personalized treatment of early disease. Intraductal therapy is one such minimally invasive approach. With the help of appropriate tools, technologies using the intraductal means of enter...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-020-09453-4
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We review the role of Neuregulin 3 (Nrg3) and Erbb receptor signalling in embryonic mammary gland development. Neuregulins are growth factors that bind and activate its cognate Erbb receptor tyrosine kinases, which form a signalling network with established roles in breast development and breast cancer. Studies have s...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-013-9286-4
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
