Abstract：
:It has long been appreciated that the estrogen receptor (ER) plays an important role in the biology of breast cancer. It is an accepted factor predicting favorable disease outcome and treatment response, and as such is generally considered to represent a "good" prognostic marker in breast cancer. In this review we present data suggesting that the ER may also play a pivotal role in the metastatic behavior of breast cancer, and present an argument that the up-regulation of ER and/or the selection of specific ER mutations are early events important for facilitating tumor progression. Thus, ER could serve dual roles in breast cancer, acting as a "bad" prognostic marker later in the disease process.
journal_name
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasiajournal_title
Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasiaauthors
Fuqua SAdoi
10.1023/a:1014782813943subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-10-01 00:00:00pages
407-17issue
4eissn
1083-3021issn
1573-7039journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Much of our knowledge about the intricate pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the conversion of a normal mammary epithelial cell to malignancy derives from studies on mammary tumorigenesis induced by the retrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus. In addition, three DNA tumor viruses, simian virus 40, polyomavirus...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02096302
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Women are using estrogens for many purposes, such as to prevent pregnancy or miscarriage, or to treat menopausal symptoms. Estrogens also have been used to treat breast cancer which seems puzzling, since there is convincing evidence to support a link between high lifetime estrogen exposure and increased breast cancer ...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-013-9274-8
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mouse has emerged as a primary animal model for human breast cancer because the mammary glands of the two species are very similar in structure and function. In this regard the TDLU and LA have similar morphology. The mouse, infected by MMTV, develops "spontaneous" tumors with specific but limited tumor phenotypes...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1018712905244
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Milk production is highly dependent on the optimal development of the mammary epithelium. It is therefore essential to better understand mammary epithelial cell growth and maintenance from the related epithelial lineage during the animal life. Here, we characterized the epithelial lineage at puberty, lactation and dry...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10911-019-09427-1
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The potential role of smoking in breast cancer risk has been the subject of over 100 publications, numerous scientific reviews, and animated debate. Tobacco exposure is a well-established cause of lung cancer, and is thought to account for nearly one third of all cancer deaths. Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chem...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-012-9269-x
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With improved screening methods, the numbers of abnormal breast lesions diagnosed in women have been increasing over time. However, it remains unclear whether these breast lesions will develop into invasive cancers. To more effectively predict the outcome of breast lesions and determine a more appropriate course of tr...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10911-018-9407-1
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carcinogenesis is a complex process during which cells undergo genetic and epigenetic alterations. These changes can lead tumor cells to acquire characteristics that enable movement from the primary site of origin when conditions become unfavorable. Such characteristics include gain of front-rear polarity, increased m...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-012-9244-6
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estrogens are important for the development of the mammary gland and strongly associated with oncogenesis in this tissue. The biological effects of estrogens are mediated through the estrogen receptor (ER), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The estrogen/ER signaling pathway plays a central role in mammary ...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1026339111278
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Originally adapted from the neurosphere assay, the nonadherent mammosphere assay has been utilized to assess early progenitor/stem cell frequency in a given population of mammary epithelial cells. This method has also been used to measure the frequency of tumorsphere initiating cells in both primary mammary tumors as ...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-012-9258-0
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mouse modeling of human breast cancer has developed tremendously over the past ten years. Human breast cancer is characterized by enormous biological diversity and, collectively, the new models have come much closer to encompassing this diversity. They have provided a deeper understanding of the fundamental events tha...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-008-9093-5
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathways are major regulators during mammary gland development, function and tumorigenesis. Predominantly, they have opposing roles in proliferation and apoptosis. While ERα signaling supports growth and differentiation and is antiapoptotic, ma...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-011-9203-7
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) has been implicated in the lobuloalveolar development of the mammary gland. In breast cancer its activation has been linked to tumor progression via stimulation of cell proliferation, pro-survival, and angiogenesis pathways and metastasis. Whether NF-kappaB activation in the immune sy...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-006-9013-5
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) signaling via the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) regulate multiple aspects of malignancy. The importance of IGF-1R in regulating the malignant phenotype is currently being validated in numerous clinical trials for cancer including breast cancer. This review d...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-008-9105-5
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of death among women with malignant diseases. The selection of adequate therapies for highly invasive and metastatic BCs still represents a major challenge. Novel combinatorial therapeutic approaches are urgently required to enhance the efficiency of BC treatment. Recently, microR...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-021-09478-3
更新日期：2021-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Dynamic interactions between the hormone responsive mammary gland epithelium and surrounding stromal macrophage populations are critical for normal development and function of the mammary gland. Macrophages are versatile cells capable of diverse roles in mammary gland development and maintenance of homeostasis, and th...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-014-9319-7
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Premalignant breast disease in humans is a concept that admits to a broad range of elements and possible determinants predicting the likelihood of developing breast cancer. Most of these elements are relative, such as the risk of breast cancer for women that is 130 times that of men and peaks at a younger age by about...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1009521726605
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The One Health concept promotes integrated evaluation of human, animal, and environmental health questions to expedite advances benefiting all species. A recognition of the multi-species impact of mastitis as a painful condition with welfare implications leads us to suggest that mastitis is an ideal target for a One H...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-018-9395-1
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast cancer development is a multi-step process in which genetic and molecular heterogeneity occurs at multiple stages. Ductal carcinoma arises from pre-invasive lesions such as atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which progress to invasive and metastatic cancer. The feasibility of...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-018-9408-0
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased glucose requirements of the gravid uterus during late pregnancy and even greater requirements of the lactating mammary glands necessitate major adjustments in glucose production and utilization in maternal liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and other tissues. In ruminants, which at all times rely princi...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1026336505343
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprised of at least five major tumor subtypes that coalesce as the second leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States. Although metastasis clearly represents the most lethal characteristic of breast cancer, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that go...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-011-9207-3
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted to the extracellular environment by several cell types, including tumor cells. It has been demonstrated that exosomes have an important role in intercellular communication, but they have recently been implicated in various tumor processes, including the oncogenic tran...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-015-9332-5
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various retroviral and lentiviral vectors have been used for up-the-teat intraductal injection to deliver markers, oncogenes, and other genes into mammary epithelial cells in mice. These methods along with the large number of genetically engineered mouse lines have greatly helped us learn normal breast development and...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10911-020-09469-w
更新日期：2020-11-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin-like growth factor-I and -II (IGF-I and IGF-II) and/or the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) have been implicated in a number of human tumors including breast cancer. However, despite being implicated in breast cancer for approximately 25 years and given that transgenic technology has been av...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-008-9097-1
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wild-type p53 is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a central role in maintaining the genetic integrity of the cell by preventing cells with damaged DNA from further proliferation. Mutation and deletion of p53 are the most common genetic defects seen in clinical cancer. About 40% of breast carcinomas show high levels ...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02013640
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The involvement of molecular mechanisms in a particular process such as embryonic mammary gland development, can be revealed by modulation of one or several factors that purportedly act in that process. If those factors or their inhibitors are soluble, their function can be tested by loading them onto small inert bead...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-013-9297-1
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The differentiation and function of mammary epithelial cells is dependent upon the combined action of growth factor/hormone receptors and integrin receptors, which act in concert to control the signals required for normal cell function. It is now becoming clear that integrin receptors also contribute to carcinoma cell...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1018766317055
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The centrosome is the major microtubule organizing center of the cell and as such it plays an important role in cytoskeletal organization and in the formation of the bipolar mitotic spindle. Centrosome defects, characterized by abnormal size, number, and microtubule nucleation capacity, are distinguishing features of ...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1011312808421
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast development occurs through well-defined stages representing 'windows of susceptibility' to adverse environmental exposures that potentially modify breast cancer risk. Systematic characterization of morphology and transcriptome during normal breast development lays the foundation of our understanding of cancer e...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10911-018-9401-7
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Available evidence indicates that mammary gland secretions first evolved in synapsids that laid parchment-shelled eggs. Unlike the rigid-shelled eggs of birds and some other sauropsids, parchment-shelled eggs lose water very rapidly when exposed to ambient air of lower vapor pressure, whether due to differences in rel...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1022848632125
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammary gland involution, characterized by extensive apoptosis and structural remodelling of the gland, is the process by which the gland is returned to the pre-pregnant state. A key advantage of the mammary gland is the ability to synchronize involution through forced weaning, thus allowing the dissection of biochemi...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-007-9034-8
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
