Abstract：
:Increased glucose requirements of the gravid uterus during late pregnancy and even greater requirements of the lactating mammary glands necessitate major adjustments in glucose production and utilization in maternal liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and other tissues. In ruminants, which at all times rely principally on hepatic gluconeogenesis for their glucose supply, hepatic glucose synthesis during late pregnancy and early lactation is increased to accommodate uterine or mammary demands even when the supply of dietary substrate is inadequate. At the same time, glucose utilization by adipose tissue and muscle is reduced. In pregnant animals, these responses are exaggerated by moderate undernutrition and are mediated by reduced tissue sensitivity and responsiveness to insulin, associated with decreased tissue expression of the insulin-responsive facilitative glucose transporter, GLUT4. Peripheral tissue responses to insulin remain severely attenuated during early lactation but recover as the animal progresses through mid lactation. Specific homeorhetic effectors of decreased insulin-mediated glucose metabolism during late pregnancy have yet to be conclusively identified. In contrast, somatotropin is almost certainly a predominant homeorhetic influence during lactation because its exogenous administration causes specific changes in glucose metabolism (and many other functions) of various nonmammary tissues which faithfully mimic normal adaptations to early lactation.
journal_name
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasiajournal_title
Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasiaauthors
Bell AW,Bauman DEdoi
10.1023/a:1026336505343subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-07-01 00:00:00pages
265-78issue
3eissn
1083-3021issn
1573-7039journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Normal mammary gland development is the result of complex interactions between a number of hormones and growth factors. Normal and malignant human mammary epithelial cells are able to synthesize and to respond to various different, locally acting growth factors and growth inhibitors. Among these, the EGF-related pepti...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1026351730785
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammary gland involution is a period of intensive tissue remodeling. Over the course of a relatively brief period, a large proportion of the mammary gland epithelium undergoes programmed cell death and is removed by phagocytes. In addition, the gland is cleared of residual milk fat globules as well as milk and adipocy...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-007-9036-6
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dynamic interactions between the hormone responsive mammary gland epithelium and surrounding stromal macrophage populations are critical for normal development and function of the mammary gland. Macrophages are versatile cells capable of diverse roles in mammary gland development and maintenance of homeostasis, and th...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-014-9319-7
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T cell immunity in breast cancer is suggested to play a role in tumor dormancy, a period of stability which can correspond to the time interval between primary treatment and tumor recurrence. Bone marrow in breast cancer patients seems to be particularly important because it is highly enriched with cancer specific mem...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1020308104613
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between maternal dietary intakes of energy or fat maternal body composition and the milk fat concentration is an important element in understanding the role of breast-milk in infant nutrition. In most studies in both developing and developed countries, no relation between maternal energy intake and mi...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1018702030259
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most of the development and functional differentiation in the mammary gland occur after birth. Epigenetics is defined as the stable alterations in gene expression potential that arise during development and proliferation. Epigenetic changes are mediated at the biochemical level by the chromatin conformation initiated ...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-010-9170-4
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Originally adapted from the neurosphere assay, the nonadherent mammosphere assay has been utilized to assess early progenitor/stem cell frequency in a given population of mammary epithelial cells. This method has also been used to measure the frequency of tumorsphere initiating cells in both primary mammary tumors as ...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-012-9258-0
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian cells depend on phospholipid (PL) and fatty acid (FA) transport to maintain membrane structure and organization, and to fuel and regulate cellular functions. In mammary glands of lactating animals, copious milk secretion, including large quantities of lipid in some species, requires adaptation and integratio...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-014-9318-8
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Elucidating cell hierarchy in the mammary gland is fundamental for understanding the mechanisms governing its normal development and malignant transformation. There is relatively little information on cell hierarchy in the bovine mammary gland, despite its agricultural potential and relevance to breast cancer research...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10911-015-9348-x
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Available evidence indicates that mammary gland secretions first evolved in synapsids that laid parchment-shelled eggs. Unlike the rigid-shelled eggs of birds and some other sauropsids, parchment-shelled eggs lose water very rapidly when exposed to ambient air of lower vapor pressure, whether due to differences in rel...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1022848632125
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The potential role of smoking in breast cancer risk has been the subject of over 100 publications, numerous scientific reviews, and animated debate. Tobacco exposure is a well-established cause of lung cancer, and is thought to account for nearly one third of all cancer deaths. Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chem...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-012-9269-x
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast cancer development is a multi-step process in which genetic and molecular heterogeneity occurs at multiple stages. Ductal carcinoma arises from pre-invasive lesions such as atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which progress to invasive and metastatic cancer. The feasibility of...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-018-9408-0
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mouse has emerged as a primary animal model for human breast cancer because the mammary glands of the two species are very similar in structure and function. In this regard the TDLU and LA have similar morphology. The mouse, infected by MMTV, develops "spontaneous" tumors with specific but limited tumor phenotypes...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1018712905244
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reversion via mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET), represent a stepwise cycle of epithelial plasticity that allows for normal tissue remodelling and diversification during development. In particular, epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity is central to many aspects ...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-010-9180-2
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Milk production is highly dependent on the optimal development of the mammary epithelium. It is therefore essential to better understand mammary epithelial cell growth and maintenance from the related epithelial lineage during the animal life. Here, we characterized the epithelial lineage at puberty, lactation and dry...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10911-019-09427-1
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since breast cancer and its associated metastasis are a global health problem and a major cause of mortality among women, research efforts to understand the development, morphogenesis, and functioning of the mammary gland are a high priority. Myriad signaling pathways, transcription factors, and associated transcripti...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-007-9043-7
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase family has often been associated with increased growth of breast epithelial cells, as well as malignant transformation and progression. In contrast, ErbB4/HER4 exhibits unique attributes from a two step proteolytic cleavage which releases an 80 kilodalton, nuclear localizing, tyrosine...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-008-9080-x
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammary gland involution, characterized by extensive apoptosis and structural remodelling of the gland, is the process by which the gland is returned to the pre-pregnant state. A key advantage of the mammary gland is the ability to synchronize involution through forced weaning, thus allowing the dissection of biochemi...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-007-9034-8
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) has been implicated in the lobuloalveolar development of the mammary gland. In breast cancer its activation has been linked to tumor progression via stimulation of cell proliferation, pro-survival, and angiogenesis pathways and metastasis. Whether NF-kappaB activation in the immune sy...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-006-9013-5
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Notch receptor protein and its signaling pathway have been well conserved throughout evolution and appear to be pivotal components in cell fate decisions during development. Recent studies suggest that, depending on the cellular and developmental context, Notch signaling may also affect cell proliferation and prog...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1009512414430
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various retroviral and lentiviral vectors have been used for up-the-teat intraductal injection to deliver markers, oncogenes, and other genes into mammary epithelial cells in mice. These methods along with the large number of genetically engineered mouse lines have greatly helped us learn normal breast development and...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10911-020-09469-w
更新日期：2020-11-09 00:00:00
abstract：:The development and progression of aggressive breast cancer is characterized by genomic instability leading to multiple genetic defects, phenotypic diversity, chemoresistance, and poor outcome. Centrosome abnormalities have been implicated in the origin of chromosomal instability through the development of multipolar ...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/B:JOMG.0000048774.27697.30
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wild-type p53 is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a central role in maintaining the genetic integrity of the cell by preventing cells with damaged DNA from further proliferation. Mutation and deletion of p53 are the most common genetic defects seen in clinical cancer. About 40% of breast carcinomas show high levels ...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02013640
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article illustrates the most common benign and malignant lesions in the breast, and is intended for the biologist working in the area of breast cancer and breast biology, not for the practicing pathologist. The atlas covers benign proliferative lesions, atypical lesions, variants of in situ cancer, the main types...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1026439204849
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity is a preventable risk factor for breast cancer following menopause. Regardless of menopausal status, obese women who develop breast cancer have a worsened prognosis. Breast tissue is comprised of mammary epithelial cells organized into ducts and lobules and surrounded by adipose-rich connective tissue. Studies...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-020-09452-5
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have reported the use of vectors based on avian leukosis virus (ALV) and ALV env pseudotyped lentivirus for stably introducing genes into somatic mammary cells in vivo for tumor modeling. These vectors require tva transgenic mice for viral infection. Here, we report, and described the method for, stably introducing...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10911-009-9154-4
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carcinogenesis is a complex process during which cells undergo genetic and epigenetic alterations. These changes can lead tumor cells to acquire characteristics that enable movement from the primary site of origin when conditions become unfavorable. Such characteristics include gain of front-rear polarity, increased m...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-012-9244-6
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The One Health concept promotes integrated evaluation of human, animal, and environmental health questions to expedite advances benefiting all species. A recognition of the multi-species impact of mastitis as a painful condition with welfare implications leads us to suggest that mastitis is an ideal target for a One H...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-018-9395-1
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estrogens are important for the development of the mammary gland and strongly associated with oncogenesis in this tissue. The biological effects of estrogens are mediated through the estrogen receptor (ER), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The estrogen/ER signaling pathway plays a central role in mammary ...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1026339111278
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The differentiation and function of mammary epithelial cells is dependent upon the combined action of growth factor/hormone receptors and integrin receptors, which act in concert to control the signals required for normal cell function. It is now becoming clear that integrin receptors also contribute to carcinoma cell...
journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1018766317055
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
