Abstract：
:Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland commonly caused by bacterial infection. The inflammatory process is a normal and necessary immunological response to invading pathogens. The purpose of host inflammatory responses is to eliminate the source of tissue injury, restore immune homeostasis, and return tissues to normal function. The inflammatory cascade results not only in the escalation of local antimicrobial factors, but also in the increased movement of leukocytes and plasma components from the blood that may cause damage to host tissues. A precarious balance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving mechanisms is needed to ensure optimal bacterial clearance and the prompt return to immune homeostasis. Therefore, inflammatory responses must be tightly regulated to avoid bystander damage to the milk synthesizing tissues of the mammary gland. The defense mechanisms of the mammary gland function optimally when invading bacteria are recognized promptly, the initial inflammatory response is adequate to rapidly eliminate the infection, and the mammary gland is returned to normal function quickly without any noticeable clinical symptoms. Suboptimal or dysfunctional mammary gland defenses, however, may contribute to the development of severe acute inflammation or chronic mastitis that adversely affects the quantity and quality of milk. This review will summarize critical mammary gland defense mechanisms that are necessary for immune surveillance and the rapid elimination of mastitis-causing organisms. Situations in which diminished efficiency of innate or adaptive mammary gland immune responses may contribute to disease pathogenesis will also be discussed. A better understanding of the complex interactions between mammary gland defenses and mastitis-causing pathogens should prove useful for the future control of intramammary infections.
journal_name
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasiajournal_title
Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasiaauthors
Aitken SL,Corl CM,Sordillo LMdoi
10.1007/s10911-011-9230-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
291-304issue
4eissn
1083-3021issn
1573-7039journal_volume
16pub_type
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
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更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-008-9097-1
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1009512414430
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
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doi：10.1023/a:1026325630359
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1026351730785
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02018079
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
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更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10911-020-09451-6
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
