Abstract:
:Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers of women in the Western world. Despite modest achievements in the treatment of this disease, there is a substantial unmet medical need to reduce the occurrence of new breast cancers. In several prospective, placebo-controlled trials, the antiestrogen tamoxifen has been shown to reduce the incidence of both invasive cancer and preinvasive breast lesions. Meanwhile, numerous other selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are being developed and trials comparing tamoxifen to these agents are ongoing. The goal of these studies is not only to show superior chemopreventive efficacy of the newer SERMs, but also an improved side-effect profile. The proof-of-principle demonstrated with tamoxifen suggests that strategies inhibiting estrogen are a logical way forward in breast cancer prevention. Aromatase inhibitors, which antagonize estrogen by blocking its synthesis from androgens, offer an alternative way of preventing the effects of estrogen and its metabolites on the breast. In this paper, the available data on SERMs including tamoxifen and raloxifene in breast cancer prevention and the data pointing to the efficacy of aromatase inhibitors in this setting are outlined.
journal_name
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasiajournal_title
Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasiaauthors
Strassmer-Weippl K,Goss PEdoi
10.1023/a:1025727103811subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
5-18issue
1eissn
1083-3021issn
1573-7039journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The centrosome is the major microtubule organizing center of the cell and as such it plays an important role in cytoskeletal organization and in the formation of the bipolar mitotic spindle. Centrosome defects, characterized by abnormal size, number, and microtubule nucleation capacity, are distinguishing features of ...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1011312808421
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin-like growth factor-I and -II (IGF-I and IGF-II) and/or the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) have been implicated in a number of human tumors including breast cancer. However, despite being implicated in breast cancer for approximately 25 years and given that transgenic technology has been av...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-008-9097-1
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian cells depend on phospholipid (PL) and fatty acid (FA) transport to maintain membrane structure and organization, and to fuel and regulate cellular functions. In mammary glands of lactating animals, copious milk secretion, including large quantities of lipid in some species, requires adaptation and integratio...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-014-9318-8
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Originally adapted from the neurosphere assay, the nonadherent mammosphere assay has been utilized to assess early progenitor/stem cell frequency in a given population of mammary epithelial cells. This method has also been used to measure the frequency of tumorsphere initiating cells in both primary mammary tumors as ...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-012-9258-0
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Hedgehog pathway is critical for many developmental processes, including the formation of several epidermal appendages. In the mammary gland strict regulation of the Hedgehog pathway is required for normal development. Alterations in Hedgehog signaling result in defects in both the embryonic and postnatal mammary ...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-007-9048-2
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of death among women with malignant diseases. The selection of adequate therapies for highly invasive and metastatic BCs still represents a major challenge. Novel combinatorial therapeutic approaches are urgently required to enhance the efficiency of BC treatment. Recently, microR...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-021-09478-3
更新日期:2021-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse modeling of human breast cancer has developed tremendously over the past ten years. Human breast cancer is characterized by enormous biological diversity and, collectively, the new models have come much closer to encompassing this diversity. They have provided a deeper understanding of the fundamental events tha...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-008-9093-5
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::T cell immunity in breast cancer is suggested to play a role in tumor dormancy, a period of stability which can correspond to the time interval between primary treatment and tumor recurrence. Bone marrow in breast cancer patients seems to be particularly important because it is highly enriched with cancer specific mem...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1020308104613
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has long been appreciated that the estrogen receptor (ER) plays an important role in the biology of breast cancer. It is an accepted factor predicting favorable disease outcome and treatment response, and as such is generally considered to represent a "good" prognostic marker in breast cancer. In this review we pre...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1014782813943
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Localised breast cancer can be cured by surgery and adjuvant treatments, but mortality remains high as some tumours metastasize early. Perlecan is a basement membrane (BM) protein involved in tumour development and progression. Here, mRNA and protein expression of perlecan, and mRNA expression of matrix degrading enzy...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10911-020-09447-2
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal mammary gland development is the result of complex interactions between a number of hormones and growth factors. Normal and malignant human mammary epithelial cells are able to synthesize and to respond to various different, locally acting growth factors and growth inhibitors. Among these, the EGF-related pepti...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1026351730785
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the discovery of an activated Notch oncogene as a causative agent in mouse mammary tumor virus induced breast cancer in mice, the potential role for Notch signaling in normal and pathological mammary development was revealed. Subsequently, Notch receptors have been found to regulate normal development in many org...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/B:JOMG.0000037159.63644.81
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Milk production is highly dependent on the optimal development of the mammary epithelium. It is therefore essential to better understand mammary epithelial cell growth and maintenance from the related epithelial lineage during the animal life. Here, we characterized the epithelial lineage at puberty, lactation and dry...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10911-019-09427-1
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human mammary epithelial cells emerge spontaneously from senescence, exhibiting eroding telomeric sequences, and ultimately enter crisis to generate the type of chromosomal abnormalities seen in early stages of breast cancer. In a mouse mammary tumor model, the spontaneous escape of senescence can be observed as an in...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/B:JOMG.0000023590.63974.f8
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), a major regulator of the mononuclear phagocytic lineage, is expressed in more than 70% of human breast cancers and its expression is correlated with poor prognosis. Studies of CSF-1 null mutant mice demonstrated that CSF-1 plays an important role in normal mammary ductal developmen...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1020399802795
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor spread involves degradation of various components of the extracellular matrix and blood vessel wall. Among these is heparan sulfate proteoglycan, which plays a key role in the self-assembly, insolubility and barrier properties of basement membranes and extracellular matrices. Expression of an endoglycosidase (he...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1011375624902
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women are using estrogens for many purposes, such as to prevent pregnancy or miscarriage, or to treat menopausal symptoms. Estrogens also have been used to treat breast cancer which seems puzzling, since there is convincing evidence to support a link between high lifetime estrogen exposure and increased breast cancer ...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-013-9274-8
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elucidating cell hierarchy in the mammary gland is fundamental for understanding the mechanisms governing its normal development and malignant transformation. There is relatively little information on cell hierarchy in the bovine mammary gland, despite its agricultural potential and relevance to breast cancer research...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10911-015-9348-x
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mouse has emerged as a primary animal model for human breast cancer because the mammary glands of the two species are very similar in structure and function. In this regard the TDLU and LA have similar morphology. The mouse, infected by MMTV, develops "spontaneous" tumors with specific but limited tumor phenotypes...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1018712905244
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Notch receptor protein and its signaling pathway have been well conserved throughout evolution and appear to be pivotal components in cell fate decisions during development. Recent studies suggest that, depending on the cellular and developmental context, Notch signaling may also affect cell proliferation and prog...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1009512414430
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity is a preventable risk factor for breast cancer following menopause. Regardless of menopausal status, obese women who develop breast cancer have a worsened prognosis. Breast tissue is comprised of mammary epithelial cells organized into ducts and lobules and surrounded by adipose-rich connective tissue. Studies...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-020-09452-5
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium is an important nutrient that is secreted into milk in quantities that put a considerable stress upon maternal calcium homeostasis. Here we summarize the evidence that two important entities, the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) are involved in a feed...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-005-5396-y
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammary gland involution, characterized by extensive apoptosis and structural remodelling of the gland, is the process by which the gland is returned to the pre-pregnant state. A key advantage of the mammary gland is the ability to synchronize involution through forced weaning, thus allowing the dissection of biochemi...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-007-9034-8
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprised of at least five major tumor subtypes that coalesce as the second leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States. Although metastasis clearly represents the most lethal characteristic of breast cancer, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that go...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-011-9207-3
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have reported the use of vectors based on avian leukosis virus (ALV) and ALV env pseudotyped lentivirus for stably introducing genes into somatic mammary cells in vivo for tumor modeling. These vectors require tva transgenic mice for viral infection. Here, we report, and described the method for, stably introducing...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10911-009-9154-4
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::With improved screening methods, the numbers of abnormal breast lesions diagnosed in women have been increasing over time. However, it remains unclear whether these breast lesions will develop into invasive cancers. To more effectively predict the outcome of breast lesions and determine a more appropriate course of tr...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10911-018-9407-1
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As their name implies, the myoepithelial cells found at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface of the human mammary gland disclose features suggestive of a dual epithelial-like and muscle-like differentiation, i.e. they co-express various keratins and vimentin intermediate filaments, as well as smooth muscle-related ant...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-005-9581-9
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During normal mammary gland development, the tyrosine kinase Jak2 and its main substrate, the signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (Stat5), are critical for the growth and differentiation of alveolar progenitors as well as the survival of secretory mammary epithelial cells. Genetic studies in mouse model...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-008-9062-z
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various retroviral and lentiviral vectors have been used for up-the-teat intraductal injection to deliver markers, oncogenes, and other genes into mammary epithelial cells in mice. These methods along with the large number of genetically engineered mouse lines have greatly helped us learn normal breast development and...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10911-020-09469-w
更新日期:2020-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::The ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase family has often been associated with increased growth of breast epithelial cells, as well as malignant transformation and progression. In contrast, ErbB4/HER4 exhibits unique attributes from a two step proteolytic cleavage which releases an 80 kilodalton, nuclear localizing, tyrosine...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-008-9080-x
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00