Abstract：
:Insulin resistance is common and is determined by physiological (aging, physical fitness), pathological (obesity) and genetic factors. The metabolic compensatory response to insulin resistance is hyperinsulinaemia, the primary purpose of which is to maintain normal glucose tolerance. The 'carnivore connection' postulates a critical role for the quantity of dietary protein and carbohydrate and the change in the glycaemic index of dietary carbohydrate in the evolution of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia. Insulin resistance offered survival and reproductive advantages during the Ice Ages which dominated human evolution, during which a high-protein low-carbohydrate diet was consumed. Following the end of the last Ice Age and the advent of agriculture, dietary carbohydrate increased. Although this resulted in a sharp increase in the quantity of carbohydrate consumed, these traditional carbohydrate foods had a low glycaemic index and produced only modest increases in plasma insulin. The industrial revolution changed the quality of dietary carbohydrate. The milling of cereals made starch more digestible and postprandial glycaemic and insulin responses increased 2-3 fold compared with coarsely ground flour or whole grains. This combination of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia is a common feature of many modern day diseases. Over the last 50 y the explosion of convenience and takeaway 'fast foods' has exposed most populations to caloric intakes far in excess of daily energy requirements and the resulting obesity has been a major factor in increasing the prevalence of insulin resistance.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Nutrjournal_title
European journal of clinical nutritionauthors
Colagiuri S,Brand Miller Jdoi
10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601351subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-03-01 00:00:00pages
S30-5eissn
0954-3007issn
1476-5640journal_volume
56 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of a breakfast cereal containing inulin on blood lipids and colonic ecosystem in normolipidemic young men. SETTING:Department of Food Science and Microbiology,University of Milan, Italy. SUBJECTS:Twelve healthy male volunteers, age 23.3 +/- 0.5 y, body mass index (BMI) 25.7 +/- 1.2...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600841
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Maternal dietary patterns were associated with embryonic growth and congenital anomalies. We aim to evaluate associations between early first trimester maternal dietary patterns and embryonic morphological development among pregnancies with non-malformed outcome. SUBJECTS/METHODS:A total of 228 s...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41430-018-0161-7
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In view of the ongoing debate on "chronic malnutrition" and the concept of "stunting" as "a better measure than underweight of the cumulative effects of undernutrition and infection (WHO)", we translate, briefly comment and re-publish three seminal historic papers on catch-up growth following re-feeding afte...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/s41430-018-0274-z
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used B-mode (brightness-mode) ultrasound to investigate the fascial planes within subcutaneous fat at the triceps and abdominal sites in a group of 17 women attending a weight control group over a 12 month period. In most subjects there was a single intralipid fascial plane at each site. As the thickness of ad...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:In spite of several studies relating dietary patterns to breast cancer risk, evidence so far remains inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate associations of dietary patterns derived with three different methods with breast cancer risk. SUBJECTS/METHODS:The Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), pr...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2014.135
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the relationships between insulin sensitivity (IS), skeletal muscle (SM) mass and SM quality in youth. Forty obese adolescent boys (body mass index ≥ 95 th percentile, 12-18 years) participated in this study. IS and glucose tolerance was measured by a 3 h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and a 2 h oral gl...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2012.142
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The relationship between hydrogen and methane production is a possible confounding factor in the interpretation of H(2) breath tests (HBT), but is usually disregarded for the interpretation of HBT and, in most instances, only H(2) excretion is measured. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect o...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601651
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between dietary patterns and risk of a first nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (MI) in Costa Rican adults. DESIGN:Population-based case-control study. SUBJECTS:A total of 496 incident MI cases and 518 population-based randomly selected controls matched to the cases by age (...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602381
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:A significant proportion of the older population may exhibit vitamin D insufficiency. We sought to establish the proportion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) insufficient individuals in an older female cohort presenting for acute medical admission and how they responded to supplementation. DESIGN:A prospective...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602412
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of zinc supplementation on respiratory tract disease, immunity and growth in malnourished children. DESIGN:A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. SETTING:A day-care center in Quito, Ecuador. SUBJECTS:Fifty children (12-59 months old) recruited by height-for-age and weight-...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide. GDM may be prevented by improving the diets of pregnant women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary counselling on the diets of pregnant women at GDM risk. SUBJECTS/METHODS:This study was a...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2015.205
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between diet and attained height was studied in children and adolescents in Southern California. Diet pattern was determined from an extensive food frequency questionnaire in 1765 Caucasian children of 7-18 years, attending state schools (452 m and 443 f) and Seventh-day Adventist schools (427 m and 4...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:To examine students' beverage choice in school, with reference to its contribution to students' intake of non-milk extrinsic (NME) sugars. SUBJECTS/METHODS:Beverage and food selection data for students aged 11-18 years (n=2461) were collected from two large secondary schools in England, for a con...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2015.158
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Classification into month-specific cutpoints is used to minimize misclassification associated with single measurement of serum 25(OH)D. This study aims to evaluate this strategy, and to compare it with the widely used classification into overall cutpoints. For this purpose, we studied 69,553 subjects in whom serum 25(...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2012.69
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe the secular trends in the prevalence rates of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants in Israel, identify population group differences and assess the effectiveness of the 1985 Public Health directives on iron supplementation and avoidance of cow's milk in the first year of life. DESIGN:A systemat...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601119
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:It is unknown whether short sleep duration causatively contributes to weight gain. Studies investigating effects of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on energy balance components report conflicting findings. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention stu...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2016.201
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the usefulness of fat-free mass (FFM) as an index of total body protein (TBPr) status in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. DESIGN:TBPr was measured by in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA) and expressed as a standardised protein index (PI). FFM was estimated by dual e...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether the protection observed for some micronutrients, such as beta-carotene, in several observational studies may simply reflect vegetable and fruit intake. DESIGN:A case-control study conducted in Italy. SUBJECTS:The subjects were 1225 colon cancer patients, 728 rectal cancer patients and...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601317
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) is a multidisciplinary project involving aspects of obesity ranging from description of the severely obese state to effects of surgical intervention on long-term mortality and morbidity. Dietary studies, which represent an integral part of SOS research activities, are the focus o...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600567
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:A high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes exists in Saudi Arabia. Epidemiological evidence suggests that low glycaemic index (GI) diets reduce diabetes risk. Yet, little is known about the GI of traditional Saudi Arabian staples such as Hassawi rice (HR). HR was evaluated in terms of its GI and insulin...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2011.4
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Milk contributes with saturated fat, but randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the effects of dairy on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) where dairy is given as whole foods are scarce. The objective of our study was to investigate the long-term effects of semi-skimmed milk on insulin sensitivity a...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1038/s41430-017-0006-9
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Dysphagia is relatively common in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and can have a negative impact on their quality of life; therefore, it is imperative that its prevalence in PD patients is studied. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and clinical correlation of dysphagia in Ch...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2017.100
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In the UK, colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death. Surgery is the primary modality of treatment, but it is not without complications. Post-operative complications have been linked to preoperative of weight loss and loss of lean tissue, and also t...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41430-019-0414-0
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the short-term effect of resistant starch (RS) from retrograded high-amylose corn starch (HACS) on the excretion of bile acids and nutrients from the small bowel in humans. DESIGN:Seven healthy ileostomists were given a controlled, constant diet during three days. On days 2 and 3, 100 g/d of one of ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600648
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data from four central European dietary investigations carried out between 1982 and 1984 in the German Democratic Republic, Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany applying both a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a quantitative recording instrument (24-h recall, 3-d record or 10- to 14-d record) were analysed...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Watching television and playing video game being seated represent sedentary behaviours and increase the risk of weight gain and hypertension. We investigated the acute effects of violent and non-violent video-game playing on blood pressure (BP), appetite perception and food preferences. Forty-eight young, normal-weigh...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2013.180
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While putative feedback signals arising from adipose tissue are commonly assumed to provide the molecular links between the body's long-term energy requirements and energy intake, the available evidence suggests that the lean body or fat-free mass (FFM) also plays a role in the drive to eat. A distinction must, howeve...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2016.256
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Hypoglycemic effect of camel milk supplementation in experimental rat model and significant reduction in doses of insulin in type 1 diabetic patients have been observed in our previous studies. This long-term study was undertaken to assess the efficacy, safety and acceptability of camel milk as an...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2011.98
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Prospective cohort studies have indicated that serum vitamin D levels are inversely related to risk of type 2 diabetes. However, such studies cannot determine the source of vitamin D. Therefore, we examined the association of dietary vitamin D intake with incident type 2 diabetes within the Europe...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2013.235
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maintaining a good nutritional status is important for immune health and for managing metabolic comorbidities in adults with HIV infection. Little is known about the dietary habits of adults living with HIV infection in the United Kingdom. The aims of this study were to characterise their dietary intakes, and to ident...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2013.109
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
