Abstract:
:An effective animal model for elucidating the neurobiological basis of human smoking should simulate important aspects of this behavior. Therefore, a 23 h unlimited access nicotine self-administration model was used to compare inbred Lewis rats, which have a propensity to self-administer drugs of abuse, to inbred Fisher 344 rats and to the outbred Holtzman strain. Using this unlimited access model, 88.8% of Lewis vs. 57.1% of Holtzman rats achieved maintenance self-administration at a fixed ratio 1 (FR 1) at 0.03 mg/kg IV nicotine (P<0.05). In contrast, Fisher rats did not acquire self-administration under these conditions. Of the Lewis and Holtzman rats that achieved maintenance self-administration on an FR 1 schedule, a greater percentage of Lewis rats acquired nicotine self-administration at FR 2 (P<0.05) and progressed to FR 4 (P<0.05). Using naïve cohorts in a progressive dose reduction study, 83.3% of Lewis rats achieved maintenance at 0.0075 mg/kg nicotine as compared to 31.8% of Holtzman rats (P<0.05). Furthermore, only Lewis rats showed differences in active vs. inactive bar presses during maintenance at sequential dose reductions (P<0.001). Thus, in this unlimited access model, inbred Lewis rats will more reliably acquire nicotine self-administration than outbred Holtzman rats. Moreover, Lewis rats showed a significantly higher likelihood of continuing to self-administer nicotine in face of both increasing work requirements and decreasing drug reinforcement. Therefore, it is likely that Lewis rats would be genetically susceptible to nicotine addiction.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Brower VG,Fu Y,Matta SG,Sharp BMdoi
10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03375-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-03-15 00:00:00pages
12-20issue
1-2eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
S0006899301033753journal_volume
930pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract::This study was performed to investigate the mechanism how amantadine increases the extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the striatum in vivo. Local application of amantadine (1 mM, 40 min) to the striatum through the dialysis membrane significantly increased the extracellular DA levels. Coadministration of nomifensin...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90821-4
更新日期:1994-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::Prairie voles are socially monogamous mammals that form pair bonds and display paternal care. This study was focused on the male prairie vole's neuronal responses to infant-related odors. Using the fos protein as a measure of neuronal activation, we examined the brain responses of males to infant-related odors. Prior ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.023
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The BE (2)-M17 human neuroblastoma has previously been shown to express corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA following retinoic acid treatment. It is demonstrated in this report that both cell extracts and cell incubation medium of retinoic acid-treated BE (2)-M17 cells were shown to contain CRF-like immunoreacti...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91583-0
更新日期:1994-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Intrinsic versus extrinsic determinants of age-related alterations in hippocampal noradrenergic transmission were investigated using intraocular allografts in rats. Three groups of animals were examined: young hippocampal transplants in young hosts, old transplants in old hosts and young transplants in old hosts. Post...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91507-2
更新日期:1989-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Missense mutations of presenilin 1 (PS-1) and presenilin 2 (PS-2) genes cause the majority of early-onset familial forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously characterized the distribution of the PS-1 protein in the mouse brain by immunohistochemistry using an antibody directed against an epitope located in the ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00231-x
更新日期:1997-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::MPTP is a neurotoxin thought to damage dopaminergic neurons through free radical formation. MPTP is metabolized in the brain to MPP(+), which is taken up into dopaminergic neurons via the dopamine transporter and assumed to impair mitochondrial function. We used striatal synaptosomes and telencephalic mitochondria to ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02675-1
更新日期:2003-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::A basic experiment of peripheral nerve regeneration using neuronal progenitor cells embedded in collagen gel was performed in a rat sciatic nerve defect. First, when neuronal progenitor cells derived from the fetal rat hippocampus were cultured in atelocollagen-containing medium, neurospheres positive for anti-nestin ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02539-3
更新日期:2003-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::The rat medial prefrontal cortex is known to have diverse brain functions such as learning and memory, attention, and behavioral flexibility. Although these functions are affected by monoamines (dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT)) and acetylcholine (ACh), the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. The...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.03.039
更新日期:2004-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Iontophoresis of baclofen produced hyperpolarization and a decrease in input resistance in 32 neurons and no effect in 24 neurons of the ventral respiratory group in cats. Iontophoresed phaclofen antagonized the effect of baclofen, but had negligible effects on periodic fluctuations in membrane potential and spike act...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90832-8
更新日期:1993-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::Although extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins play important roles in neural development, their levels are generally believed to decrease in the adult brain. Immunohistochemical analysis indicates that the anti-adhesive ECM glycoprotein SPARC/osteonectin, which contains a follistatin 'module,' is expressed in the ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00101-u
更新日期:1995-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::Recent reports of the transsynaptic transfer of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) in several systems are consistent with the hypothesis that WGA binds to endogenous glycoproteins(s) which undergo transsynaptic transfer. Such molecules might be involved in trophic interactions between neurons. Since these hypothetical glycop...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90599-8
更新日期:1986-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Rats received a unilateral lesion of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) by infusion of ibotenic acid. Starting 2 weeks after the lesion, the animals were treated with nerve growth factor (NGF) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by intraparenchymal infusion of 3 micrograms per day for 4 weeks. Lesioned ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91775-2
更新日期:1994-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of extracellular Ca2+ and K+ activities [( Ca2+]o, [K+]o) in the superfused cat carotid body in vitro with triple-barrelled ion-selective electrodes have shown that hypoxia induced a decrease in [Ca2+]o of 0.035 +/- 0.17 mM (mean +/- S.D.; n = 17) and a biphasic change in [K+]o which consisted of an incre...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91186-4
更新日期:1989-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::We have established a cell line (TB) from a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen of a patient with a primary leptomeningeal melanomatosis. TB cell line was immunoreactive with the antibodies for low molecular weight neurofilament protein, vimentin, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, synaptophysin and HMB-45 (an anti...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01197-x
更新日期:1999-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Increased alcohol consumption and heightened aggression have been linked to social isolation. Furthermore, animals treated with alcohol following social separation showed higher aggression together with lower serotonin transmission. Although reduced serotonin transmission in the brain may be related to alcohol-induced...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2017.02.007
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of the calcium-binding protein calretinin (CR) in the chick cochlear nucleus, nucleus magnocellularis (NM), was examined after unilateral cochlea removal in hatchlings and 3-week-old birds. Following survival times of 3, 6 or 12 h or 1, 3 or 7 days, CR mRNA was localized by in situ hybridization using a...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02476-8
更新日期:2000-08-04 00:00:00
abstract::Threohydroxyaspartate (THA)-induced glutamate excitotoxicity in organotypic culture of rat spinal cord is a well-known model of motor neuron degeneration. THA causes accumulation of synaptic glutamate and over stimulation of the postsynaptic receptor by inhibiting glutamate uptake. This model has also been used to ide...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.12.030
更新日期:2009-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) has been identified as a potential output signal of the principal circadian pacemaker housed in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The goal of the present study was to characterize the temporal pattern and cellular localization of TGF-alpha immunoreactivity (IR), ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.12.053
更新日期:2008-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, Somberg, in a preliminary report (1983), noted that electrical stimulation of the area postrema causes an increase in coronary vascular resistance. The increase in resistance was mediate by an increase in sympathetic activity as it was counteracted by alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade. The purpose of our st...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)91269-3
更新日期:1988-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::The time course of autoradiographic binding of major second messengers in the rat brain was studied at 2, 7, and 24 h after withdrawal from butorphanol infusion. [3H]Forskolin and [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) were used to label adenylate cyclase and protein kinase C (PKC), respectively. Rats were rendered depen...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01127-0
更新日期:1999-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::The morphological features and distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers of the hypothalamic and the neighboring mesencephalic regions were studied in the normal newborn infant by immunohistochemistry. Within the hypothalamus, numerous LHRH-immunoreactive like (...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90929-6
更新日期:1990-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::The avian pineal exhibits a daily rhythm in the synthesis and secretion of the hormone, melatonin, which is involved in maintaining temporal order within the circadian system of some species. The pineal is richly innervated by sympathetic nerves which originate in the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) and, in the chicke...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90636-n
更新日期:1992-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of fast axonally transported proteins was studied by electron microscope radioautography in ciliary ganglia of chickens treated or not treated with acrylamide. At 3 h after the intracerebral injection of [3H]lysine, the preganglionic axons of the untreated chickens displayed few silver grains, mainly ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)90716-2
更新日期:1981-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::To test the hypothesis that there is a functional modulation of conventional EEG bands associated with preparatory attention, putative changes in the spontaneous brain rhythms and their associated cerebral sources were addressed. The goals of the present report were, first, to find the brain areas with maximal rhythmi...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.019
更新日期:2006-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Anticonvulsant mood stabilizers, e.g., valproic acid and carbamazepine, and atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs), e.g., clozapine, quetiapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone, have been reported to preferentially increase dopamine (DA) release in rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), an effect partially or full...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.05.005
更新日期:2005-07-12 00:00:00
abstract::Odor stimulation of the nose in the box turtle and the gopher tortoise produced a characteristic series of slow potentials in the olfactory bulb which were referred to as the odor evoked response. When recorded with direct coupling, the odor evoked response had 3 components: wave I, a short duration monophasic event; ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(75)90914-2
更新日期:1975-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::Locations of cells responsive to microiontophoretically applied angiotensin II (AII) were compared to distributions of AII receptor binding sites identified by autoradiography in the lumbar enlargement region of the rat spinal cord. Angiotensin II receptor binding sites were densely concentrated in the superficial lay...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)91398-4
更新日期:1988-02-16 00:00:00
abstract::The present study has examined the effect on age-dependent natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic (NKCC) activity after the destruction of the arcuate nucleus (AR) of the hypothalamus in newborn mice with the neurotoxin monosodium glutamate (MSG). The NKCC activity was determined at different ages from the 18th day to the...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90132-u
更新日期:1990-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::The patch clamp technique has been used to study ion channel activity in the apical (ventricular) membrane of epithelial cells from the rat choroid plexus. Two different classes of Cl(-)-selective channel were identified. A low conductance (26 pS) channel which was the predominant feature in cell-attached and inside-o...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90988-l
更新日期:1992-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::The dtsz mutant hamster represents a model of primary paroxysmal dystonia, in which dystonic episodes occur in response to stress. Previous examinations demonstrated striatal dysfunctions in dtsz hamsters. In the present study, in situ hybridization was used to examine preproenkephalin and prodynorphin expression as p...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.04.046
更新日期:2004-07-23 00:00:00