Abstract:
:In the UK the increasing use of pre-admission parenteral antibiotic therapy in meningococcal disease has lessened the value of routine cultures as a tool to confirm diagnosis, and laboratory confirmation of invasive meningococcal infection is achieved increasingly by non-culture, nucleic acid amplification methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a DNA extraction and meningococcal-specific DNA amplification methodology for detection of meningococci from oropharyngeal swabs. One hundred and six swabs from suspected or confirmed cases of meningococcal disease, and 94 swabs from contacts of meningococcal disease cases were examined. Of laboratory-confirmed cases, 38/65 (58.5%) yielded a positive oropharyngeal swab PCR result and 5/24 (20.8%) swabs from suspected but laboratory-unconfirmed cases were PCR positive. No significant differences in PCR positivity rates were found between the types of swab transport systems utilized, but transport time to the testing laboratory was found to affect PCR positivity (P < 0.05). Application of meningococcus-specific PCR to oropharyngeal swabs, in addition to routine culture of swabs, can provide valuable epidemiological information as well as case confirmation for contact management. PCR amplification of meningococcal PCR from oropharyngeal swabs will also increase the ascertainment in swabbing surveys carried out as part of meningococcal disease outbreak investigation and management.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Sadler F,Borrow R,Dawson MM,Kaczmarski EB,Cartwright K,Fox AJdoi
10.1017/s0950268899004367subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-10-01 00:00:00pages
277-83issue
2eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409journal_volume
125pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In March 1997, an outbreak of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC) infection occurred amongst holidaymakers returning from Fuerteventura, Canary Islands. For the investigation, a confirmed case was an individual staying in Fuerteventura during March 1997, with either E. coli O157 VTEC isolated in stoo...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002940
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The colonization resistance (CR) of the digestive tract was determined in 10 healthy volunteers by oral contamination with a neomycin resistant Escherichia coli (NR-E. coli) strain and measurement of the faecal concentration of this strain during 14 days after the contamination. This 'gold standard' was compared with ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800049311
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Q fever patients are often reported to experience a long-term impaired health status, including fatigue, which can persist for many years. During the large Q fever epidemic in The Netherlands, many patients with a laboratory-confirmed Coxiella burnetii infection were not notified as acute Q fever because they did not ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814003689
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the late 1990s, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has become a common health problem that mostly affects children and infants in Southeast and East Asia. Global climate change is considered to be one of the major risk factors for HFMD. This study aimed to assess the correlation between meteorological factors a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268818003035
更新日期:2018-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Due to human error, drinking water supplied to a new housing estate in The Netherlands was contaminated with grey water. The cohort of 921 accidentally exposed households (area A) had a higher attack rate for diarrhoea (54.1%) than a non-exposed cohort of 1529 households from an adjacent area (B) (24%) (RR 2.3, 95% CI...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268806007497
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination has reduced rotavirus hospitalizations by 25% in European regions with low-moderate vaccine availability. We aimed to quantify the reduction in hospital costs after the longest period in which Rotarix® and Rotateq® were simultaneously commercially available in Spain. Cases, length of stay (LOS), and diagno...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817000620
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic relationships between various serotypes and serogroups of meningococcal strains were investigated by restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using a number of random DNA probes and a probe containing a truncated copy of the meningococcal insertion sequence IS1106. The data were used to est...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800050184
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental data suggest a role for the microflora in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Anti-ds-DNA antibodies may be pathogenic in SLE by forming immune complexes with DNA. Foreign bacteria in the intestines could constitute the stimulus for anti-ds-DNA antibody production in SLE. Colonization Resistance (CR) is t...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800057770
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) is becoming increasingly established in Asian hospitals. The primary aim of this study was to decompose the risk factors for HA-MRSA based on conceptual clinical pathways. The secondary aim was to show the amount of effect attributable to antibiot...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815002733
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over Christmas 1993, an outbreak of food poisoning occurred among guests in a hotel in South West Scotland. Evidence from a cohort study strongly suggested that raw oysters were the vehicle for infection, probably due to a Small Round Structured Virus (SRSV). Detailed enquiry about the source and preparation of the oy...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800058222
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction and the widespread use of the varicella vaccine in Taiwan has led to a 75-80% decrease in the incidence of varicella in children. However the vaccine's long-term impact on the incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) has attracted attention. By controlling gender, underlying diseases, and age effects, a Poisso...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811001786
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a molecular epidemiological study of rabies virus (RABV) strains circulating in animal populations in Bhutan, and investigate potential origins of these viruses. Twenty-three RABV isolates originating from dogs and other domestic animals were characterized by sequencing the partial nucleoprotein (N) gene (39...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268810002682
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Sweden, acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) incidence, severity, impact on productivity, related healthcare usage and associated costs are not ascertained. We measured these in 2013-2014 using a population-based cohort reporting weekly. We defined AGI as ⩾3 episodes of loose stools or vomiting/24 h; or loose stool...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000467
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypermucoviscous (HV) isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae have been linked to virulence potential in experimental infections. We examined 33 isolates of K. pneumoniae from patients with bacteraemia for the HV phenotype on agar culture, and determined their virulence potential by screening for capsular (K) serotype by po...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812000933
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although Lyme borreliosis is increasingly diagnosed in the United Kingdom, few systematic studies have been performed there. UK data suggest that the commonest complications are neurological, but inadequate information exists about their nature and the incidence of late neuroborreliosis. Local data are necessary becau...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268808000472
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measles elimination relies on vaccination programmes. In Japan, a major outbreak started in 2007. In response, 5-year two-dose catch-up vaccination programme was initiated in April 2008 for children 13-16-years-old. In this study, we analysed the epidemic curves, incidence rates for each age group, virus genotype, vac...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817001248
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A growing number of infectious pathogens are spreading among geographic regions. Some pathogens that were previously not considered to pose a general threat to human health have emerged at regional and global scales, such as Zika and Ebola Virus Disease. Other pathogens, such as yellow fever virus, were previously tho...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268818002881
更新日期:2018-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::In a prospective observational study 4,485 patients from 46 clinical centres in 17 European countries were followed between April 1994 and November 1996. Information on AIDS-defining events (ADEs) were collected together with basic demographic data, treatment history and laboratory results. The centres were divided in...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007719
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Foodborne non-typhoidal salmonellosis causes approximately 1 million illnesses annually in the USA. In April 2015, we investigated a multistate outbreak of 65 Salmonella Paratyphi B variant L(+) tartrate(+) infections associated with frozen raw tuna imported from Indonesia, which was consumed raw in sushi. Forty-six (...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268818001462
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of interferon A (rIFN-alpha 2A), an Escherichia coli-derived interferon, in the prophylaxis of acute upper respiratory tract infection, was evaluated in a community-based double-blind placebo-controlled study in the Australian winter of 1985. The trial population of 412 healthy volunteers (190 males and 2...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800029484
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In99, a possible ancestor of In100, is a class 1 integron associated with carbenicillinase (blaPSE) and aminoglycoside resistance genes [aac(6')-Ib and aadA2]. In99 was present in 8 of 81 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from unrelated patients collected in different years. The strains fell into two clonal ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026880600700X
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Literature surrounding the burden of and factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in persons with tuberculosis (TB) disease remains limited and focused on populations outside the USA. Cross-matched New York City (NYC) TB and viral hepatitis surveillance data were used to es...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814002970
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated whether straight-line distance from residential compounds to healthcare facilities influenced mortality, the incidence of pneumonia and vaccine efficacy against pneumonia in rural Gambia. Clinical surveillance for pneumonia was conducted on 6938 children living in the catchment areas of the two largest...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814000314
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::South Africa's paediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme is managed using a monitoring and evaluation tool known as TIER.Net. This electronic system has several advantages over paper-based systems, allowing profiling of the paediatric ART programme over time. We analysed anonymized TIER.Net data for HIV-infect...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816001916
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Owing to limited data, we conducted a meta-analysis to re-evaluate the relationship between obesity and coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19). Literature published between 1 January 2020 and 22 August 2020 was comprehensively analysed, and RevMan3.5 was used for data analysis. A total of 50 studies, including data on 18 260 378...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1017/S0950268820003027
更新日期:2020-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::Mathematical modelling is an important tool for understanding the dynamics of the spread of infectious diseases, which could be the result of a natural outbreak or of the intentional release of pathogenic biological agents. Decision makers and policymakers responsible for strategies to contain disease, prevent epidemi...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815002939
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 displays striking variability across the Scottish cattle population. On 78% of farms, in a cross-sectional survey of 952, no shedding of E. coli O157 was detected, but on a small proportion, approximately 2%, very high prevalences of infection were found (with 90-100% of pats sa...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268805004590
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis (TB) has been known to affect elephants for thousands of years. It was put into spotlight when few circus elephants were diagnosed carrying Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis. Because of the zoonotic risk and high susceptibility to M. tuberculosis, periodic testing was enacted since, in captive breeding prog...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268818000122
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In April 2015, Finnish public health authorities alerted European Union member states of a possible multi-country Salmonella enteritidis outbreak linked to an international youth ice-hockey tournament in Latvia. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Finnish and Latvian authorities initiated an...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817001212
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent polio outbreaks in Syria and Ukraine, and isolation of poliovirus from asymptomatic carriers in Israel have raised concerns that polio might endanger Europe. We devised a model to calculate the time needed to detect the first case should the disease be imported into Europe, taking the effect of vaccine coverage...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000078
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00