Abstract:
:In a prospective observational study 4,485 patients from 46 clinical centres in 17 European countries were followed between April 1994 and November 1996. Information on AIDS-defining events (ADEs) were collected together with basic demographic data, treatment history and laboratory results. The centres were divided into four geographical regions (north, central, south-west and south-east) so that it was possible to identify any existing regional differences in ADEs. The regional differences that we observed included a higher risk of all forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections (Tb) and wasting disease in the south-west and an increased risk of infections with the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in the north. In Cox multivariable analyses, where north was used as the reference group, we observed hazard ratios of 6.87, 7.77, 2.29 and 0.16 (P < 0.05 in all cases) for pulmonary Tb, extrapulmonary Tb, wasting disease and MAC respectively in the south-west. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was less commonly diagnosed in the central region (RH = 0.51, 95% CI 0 32-0.79, P = 0.003) and most common in the south-east (RH = 1.04, 95% CI 0.71-1.51, P = 0.85). Comparisons with a similar 'AIDS in Europe' study that concentrated on the early phase of the epidemic reveal that most of the regional differences that were observed in the 1980s still persist in the mid-1990s.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Blaxhult A,Fox Z,Colebunders R,Francioli P,Ben-Ishai Z,Fätkenheuer G,Parkin JM,Vanhems P,Phillips AN,Kirk O,EuroSIDA Study Group.doi
10.1017/s0950268802007719subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-12-01 00:00:00pages
565-76issue
3eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409journal_volume
129pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Salmonella spp. is the causative agent of a foodborne disease called salmonellosis, which is the second most commonly reported gastrointestinal infection in the European Union (EU). Although over the years the annual number of cases of foodborne salmonellosis within the EU has decreased markedly, in 2014, a total of 8...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268816001540
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a cross-sectional study conducted between March 1993 and February 1995, 7103 indiscriminately collected foxes were examined for Trichinella larvae. A total of 3295 serum samples were serologically investigated with an ELISA based on excretory-secretory antigen. The proportion of serologically positive animals range...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002617
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The degree of protection conferred by vaccinated dams on infant mice against colonization by Campylobacter jejuni depended on the bacterial strain, preparation, and route of administration of the vaccine. In some instances of homologous protection, serum bactericidal titres correlated well with protection. However, bo...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800029940
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lymphocyte profile of 521 HIV-infected subjects hospitalized at Jackson Memorial (2001-2002) was compared across main respiratory diseases. Study data included medical history and all laboratory evaluations performed during hospitalization. Community-acquired pneumonias (CAP, 52%), Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268805005030
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dogs can be infected by a wide range of Bartonella spp., but limited studies have been conducted in tropical urban and rural dog populations. We aimed to determine Bartonella antibody prevalence in 455 domestic dogs from four tropical countries and detect Bartonella DNA in a subset of these dogs. Bartonella antibodies...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812000519
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging arbovirus that was first isolated in South Africa in 1959. This Flavivirus is maintained in the environment through a typical enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds. USUV has spread to a large part of the European continent over the two decades mainly leading to substantial avi...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268819001213
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Incidence data by age of new episodes of influenza-like illness reported by sentinel general practice networks in England and Wales and in The Netherlands over a 10-year period were examined to provide estimates of the consulting population during influenza epidemic periods. Baseline levels of recording in each age gr...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899003660
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight cases of Salmonella senftenberg infection in infants were identified in the first half of 1995 in England, five were indistinguishable S. senftenberg strains. A case-control study showed an association between illness and consumption of one brand of baby cereal (P = 0.03). The cereal manufacturer reported isolat...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268897008546
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study measured the prevalence and the risk factors associated with HCV antibody-positive prisoners. A total of 630 prisoners completed a questionnaire about risk behaviours associated with HCV transmission and were tested for HCV antibody from a blood test. Of these 362 (57.5%) prisoners were HCV antibody positiv...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268803001882
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiological target of lockdowns is to drive down the effective reproduction number (Rt) to less than 1. A key unknown is the duration that lockdowns need to be in place to achieve this and which lockdown measures are effective. Daily number of laboratory confirmed community coronavirus 2019 cases were extracte...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820002964
更新日期:2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in enteric flora in 64 children in rural Bangladesh over a 12-month period. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates varied throughout the year and multiple resistance was highest during the post monsoon period. Seventy-th...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800050871
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The notification rate of Legionnaires' disease (LD) in France was 2.4/100 000 population in 2010, varying across regions with an increasing rate from west to east. Two sources [mandatory notifications (MN) and a survey of hospital laboratories] were used in a capture-recapture study to estimate the number of LD cases ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813000502
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::From March to October 1993, 15 cases of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) in children were detected in a large area of northern Italy, where only 8 cases had occurred in the previous 5 years. Analysis of stool and serum specimens obtained from 14 cases showed evidence of Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) inf...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800051645
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Norovirus is the most frequent cause of acute infectious gastroenteritis and it is difficult to control in crowded environments like hospitals and nursing homes. Transmission depends on oral intake of virus deposited in the environment by infectious subjects. Data from volunteer studies indicate that virus concentrati...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881400274X
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of the meningococcal insertion sequence IS1301 was analysed in 496 strains of different serogroups and clonal lineages of Neisseria meningitidis, and in 64 neisserial strains other than N. meningitidis. IS1301 was found in meningococci, but not in apathogenic Neisseria sp. and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. T...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899003647
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relationship of genetic polymorphisms in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) with susceptibility to viral hepatitis was already investigated by many association studies. The aim of this study was to more comprehensively analyse associations between genetic polymorphisms in C...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1017/S0950268819001997
更新日期:2019-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to develop a method for identifying newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) patients at risk for TB adverse events in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Surveillance data between 2006 and 2013 (8431 subjects) was used to develop risk scores based on predictive modelling. The final models revealed that TB pati...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817001911
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The morphology of faecal microflora of nine healthy human volunteers was studied by digital image analysis of microscopic slides. Weekly specimens were collected during an 8-week period. Seven morphometrical parameters were derived: the means and medians of components 1, 2 and 3, and morphometrical entropy. Statistica...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800049025
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two enterotoxins, shigella enterotoxin 1 (SHET1) and shigella enterotoxin 2 (SHET2) have been recently characterized and are believed to play a role in the clinical manifestation of shigellosis. One hundred and twenty-one isolates of Shigella spp. of 13 different serotypes and variants and 10 isolates of enteroinvasiv...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802006866
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two epidemics of acute, watery diarrhoea in villages in North Arcot district, India, were investigated. The attack rates were 10.03 and 15.53 per 100 population, the median duration was 5 days and enteric pathogens were present in 56.8% and 60.3% of specimens from the two villages, but no predominant pathogen was iden...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005799
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus pyogenes (or Group A Streptococcus, GAS) is a Gram-positive human pathogen responsible for a diverse array of superficial, invasive and immune-related diseases. GAS infections have historically been diseases of poverty and overcrowding, and remain a significant problem in the developing world and in disa...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268818002285
更新日期:2018-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Germany has been an officially bovine tuberculosis (bTB)-free (OTF) country since 1996. Gradually rising numbers of bTB herd incidents due to Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae in North-Western and Southern Germany during the last few years prompted the competent authorities to conduct a nationwide bTB survey in 2013/2...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815001995
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper compares strains of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) serotype SAT (South African Territories) 2 viruses isolated from Zimbabwe and other African countries using monoclonal antibodies (MAb). A sandwich-ELISA was used to examine the relative binding of anti-SAT 2 MAb to the various viruses. The MAb-binding profil...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880005826x
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B) Dhaka we studied the trends in cholera for the period January 1992 to May 1995. Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal emerged as a second aetiologic agent of cholera in Dhaka in January 1993. In 1993, the majority of cholera cases was due to V. c...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800052572
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bordetella bronchiseptica is a potential zoonotic pathogen, which mainly causes respiratory diseases in humans and a variety of animal species. B. bronchiseptica is one of the important pathogens isolated from rabbits in Fujian Province. However, the knowledge of the epidemiology and characteristics of the B. bronchis...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820001879
更新日期:2020-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection of beef calves at weaning, prior to arrival at the feedlot or mixing with cattle from other sources. Fifteen range cow-calf herds, which weaned calves in October and November, were sampled in Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002757
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2016, we reviewed preventive control measures for secondary transmission of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in humans in European Union (EU)/European Free Trade Association (EEA) countries to inform the revision of the respective Norwegian guidelines which at that time did not accommodate for the vary...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268819001614
更新日期:2019-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::Travel is a risk factor for Legionnaires' disease. In 2008, two cases were reported in condominium guests where we investigated a 2001 outbreak. We reinvestigated to identify additional cases and determine whether ongoing transmission resulted from persistent colonization of potable water. Exposures were assessed by m...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811002779
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the extent to which proximity to cattle and weather events in Alberta predispose human populations to E. coli O157 disease. Cases of human E. coli O157 infection in Alberta between 2004 and 2011 were obtained from the province's Communicable Disease Reporting System and Discharge Abstract Datab...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813002781
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Portugal, the recommended age for the second dose of MMR (MMR2) was changed from 10-13 years to 5-6 years for those born in 1994 and afterwards. This study aimed to assess if MMR schedule and time elapsed from the last dose are associated with the concentration of rubella and mumps IgG antibodies. Three Portuguese ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816001655
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00