Absence of excitotoxicity-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus of mice lacking the Jnk3 gene.

abstract：:The superposition principle is a fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics. It allows a quantum system to be 'in two places at the same time', because the quantum state of a physical system can simultaneously include measurably different physical states. The preparation and use of such superposed states forms the basis o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hofheinz M,Wang H,Ansmann M,Bialczak RC,Lucero E,Neeley M,O'Connell AD,Sank D,Wenner J,Martinis JM,Cleland AN

更新日期：2009-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The neural crest, a source of many different cell types in vertebrate embryos, has not been identified in other chordates. Current opinion therefore holds that neural crest cells were a vertebrate innovation. Here we describe a migratory cell population resembling neural crest cells in the ascidian urochordate Ecteina...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jeffery WR,Strickler AG,Yamamoto Y

更新日期：2004-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Proviruses of avian leukosis virus (ALV) are located in the vicinity of a putative cellular oncogene (c-myc) in ALV-induced bursal lymphomas. Enhanced expression of c-myc occurs in association with proviruses found in any of three configurations: (I) on the 5' side ('upstream') of c-myc in the same transcriptional ori...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Payne GS,Bishop JM,Varmus HE

更新日期：1982-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Water availability limits plant growth and production in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. However, biomes differ substantially in sensitivity of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) to between-year variation in precipitation. Average rain-use efficiency (RUE; ANPP/precipitation) also varies between biomes, supp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Huxman TE,Smith MD,Fay PA,Knapp AK,Shaw MR,Loik ME,Smith SD,Tissue DT,Zak JC,Weltzin JF,Pockman WT,Sala OE,Haddad BM,Harte J,Koch GW,Schwinning S,Small EE,Williams DG

更新日期：2004-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Dusty disks around young stars are formed out of interstellar dust that consists of amorphous, submicrometre grains. Yet the grains found in comets and meteorites, and traced in the spectra of young stars, include large crystalline grains that must have undergone annealing or condensation at temperatures in excess of ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vinković D

更新日期：2009-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Direct lineage reprogramming represents a remarkable conversion of cellular and transcriptome states. However, the intermediate stages through which individual cells progress during reprogramming are largely undefined. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing at multiple time points to dissect direct reprogramming from ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Treutlein B,Lee QY,Camp JG,Mall M,Koh W,Shariati SA,Sim S,Neff NF,Skotheim JM,Wernig M,Quake SR

更新日期：2016-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Only three elements are ferromagnetic at room temperature: the transition metals iron, cobalt and nickel. The Stoner criterion explains why iron is ferromagnetic but manganese, for example, is not, even though both elements have an unfilled 3d shell and are adjacent in the periodic table: according to this criterion, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ma'Mari FA,Moorsom T,Teobaldi G,Deacon W,Prokscha T,Luetkens H,Lee S,Sterbinsky GE,Arena DA,MacLaren DA,Flokstra M,Ali M,Wheeler MC,Burnell G,Hickey BJ,Cespedes O

更新日期：2015-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Wrists, ankles and digits distinguish tetrapod limbs from fins, but direct evidence on the origin of these features has been unavailable. Here we describe the pectoral appendage of a member of the sister group of tetrapods, Tiktaalik roseae, which is morphologically and functionally transitional between a fin and a li...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shubin NH,Daeschler EB,Jenkins FA Jr

更新日期：2006-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Triton is Neptune's principal satellite and is by far the largest retrograde satellite in the Solar System (its mass is approximately 40 per cent greater than that of Pluto). Its inclined and circular orbit lies between a group of small inner prograde satellites and a number of exterior irregular satellites with both ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Agnor CB,Hamilton DP

更新日期：2006-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Accurate measurement of the lifetime of the neutron (which is unstable to beta decay) is important for understanding the weak nuclear force and the creation of matter during the Big Bang. Previous measurements of the neutron lifetime have mainly been limited by certain systematic errors; however, these could in princi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Huffman PR,Brome CR,Butterworth JS,Coakley KJ,Dewey MS,Dzhosyuk SN,Golub R,Greene GL,Habicht K,Lamoreaux SK,Mattoni CE,McKinsey DN,Wietfeldt FE,Doyle JM

更新日期：2000-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We have sequenced and annotated the genome of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which contains the smallest number of protein-coding genes yet recorded for a eukaryote: 4,824. The centromeres are between 35 and 110 kilobases (kb) and contain related repeats including a highly conserved 1.8-kb element. Regions...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wood V,Gwilliam R,Rajandream MA,Lyne M,Lyne R,Stewart A,Sgouros J,Peat N,Hayles J,Baker S,Basham D,Bowman S,Brooks K,Brown D,Brown S,Chillingworth T,Churcher C,Collins M,Connor R,Cronin A,Davis P,Feltwell T,Fr

更新日期：2002-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Researchers recognize that society needs accurate and comprehensive estimates of the economic value of rain forests to assess conservation and management options. Valuation of forests can help us to decide whether to implement policies that reconcile the value different groups attach to forests. Here we have measured ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Godoy R,Wilkie D,Overman H,Cubas A,Cubas G,Demmer J,McSweeney K,Brokaw N

更新日期：2000-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are associated with accumulation of PrP(Sc), a conformer of a cellular protein called PrP(C). PrP(Sc) is thought to replicate by imparting its conformation onto PrP(C) (ref. 1), yet conformational discrimination between PrP(C) and PrP(Sc) has remained elusive. Because depositi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fischer MB,Roeckl C,Parizek P,Schwarz HP,Aguzzi A

更新日期：2000-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Estimates of the effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations on future global plant production rely on the physiological response of individual plants or plant communities when exposed to high CO2 (refs 1-6). Plant populations may adapt to the changing atmosphere, however, such that the evolved plant communiti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Collins S,Bell G

更新日期：2004-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Oncogenic mutations in the serine/threonine kinase B-RAF (also known as BRAF) are found in 50-70% of malignant melanomas. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that the B-RAF(V600E) mutation predicts a dependency on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascade in melanoma-an observation that has bee...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Johannessen CM,Boehm JS,Kim SY,Thomas SR,Wardwell L,Johnson LA,Emery CM,Stransky N,Cogdill AP,Barretina J,Caponigro G,Hieronymus H,Murray RR,Salehi-Ashtiani K,Hill DE,Vidal M,Zhao JJ,Yang X,Alkan O,Kim S,Harris JL

更新日期：2010-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The tumour suppressor p53 is required to induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) by DNA-damaging agents. As p53 is a transcriptional activator that mediates gene induction after DNA damage, it has been proposed to be a genetic switch that activates apoptosis-mediator genes. Here we evaluate the role of p53 in DNA-dam...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Caelles C,Helmberg A,Karin M

更新日期：1994-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:A rapid decrease in shear velocity in the suboceanic mantle is used to infer the thickness of the lithosphere. It is proposed that new and highly precise group velocity data constrain the solutions and imply a thickness near 70 km. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kanamori H,Press F

更新日期：1970-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Change history: In this Letter, the received date should be 20 December 2017, instead of 27 April 2018. This has been corrected online. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Humphreys PC,Kalb N,Morits JPJ,Schouten RN,Vermeulen RFL,Twitchen DJ,Markham M,Hanson R

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The amplitude and frequency of laser light can be routinely measured and controlled on a femtosecond (10(-15) s) timescale. However, in pulses comprising just a few wave cycles, the amplitude envelope and carrier frequency are not sufficient to characterize and control laser radiation, because evolution of the light f...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Baltuska A,Udem T,Uiberacker M,Hentschel M,Goulielmakis E,Gohle Ch,Holzwarth R,Yakovlev VS,Scrinzi A,Hänsch TW,Krausz F

更新日期：2003-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The reversal or displacement of the retinal image by prism spectacles leads to extreme disruption of visually guided behaviour, but after an extended period of visual transformation normal behaviour is gradually restored. It is unclear whether this adaptation involves a change in visual perception, the learning of new...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sugita Y

更新日期：1996-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are more frequent in the genomes of bacteria and viruses than of vertebrates. We report here that bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides induce murine B cells to proliferate and secrete immunoglobulin in vitro and in vivo. This activat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krieg AM,Yi AK,Matson S,Waldschmidt TJ,Bishop GA,Teasdale R,Koretzky GA,Klinman DM

更新日期：1995-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of new chemical transformations based on catalytic functionalization of unactivated C-H bonds has the potential to simplify the synthesis of complex molecules dramatically. Transition metal catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool with which to convert these unreactive bonds into carbon-carbon and carb...

journal_title：Nature

authors： McNally A,Haffemayer B,Collins BS,Gaunt MJ

更新日期：2014-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantum physics has remarkable distinguishing characteristics. For example, it gives only probabilistic predictions (non-determinism) and does not allow copying of unknown states (no-cloning). Quantum correlations may be stronger than any classical ones, but information cannot be transmitted faster than light (no-sign...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pawłowski M,Paterek T,Kaszlikowski D,Scarani V,Winter A,Zukowski M

更新日期：2009-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Slower recovery from perturbations near a tipping point and its indirect signatures in fluctuation patterns have been suggested to foreshadow catastrophes in a wide variety of systems. Recent studies of populations in the field and in the laboratory have used time-series data to confirm some of the theoretically predi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dai L,Korolev KS,Gore J

更新日期：2013-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)-the only living member of the reptilian order Rhynchocephalia (Sphenodontia), once widespread across Gondwana1,2-is an iconic species that is endemic to New Zealand2,3. A key link to the now-extinct stem reptiles (from which dinosaurs, modern reptiles, birds and mammals evolved), the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gemmell NJ,Rutherford K,Prost S,Tollis M,Winter D,Macey JR,Adelson DL,Suh A,Bertozzi T,Grau JH,Organ C,Gardner PP,Muffato M,Patricio M,Billis K,Martin FJ,Flicek P,Petersen B,Kang L,Michalak P,Buckley TR,Wilson M

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ever since Stephen Paget's 1889 hypothesis, metastatic organotropism has remained one of cancer's greatest mysteries. Here we demonstrate that exosomes from mouse and human lung-, liver- and brain-tropic tumour cells fuse preferentially with resident cells at their predicted destination, namely lung fibroblasts and ep...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hoshino A,Costa-Silva B,Shen TL,Rodrigues G,Hashimoto A,Tesic Mark M,Molina H,Kohsaka S,Di Giannatale A,Ceder S,Singh S,Williams C,Soplop N,Uryu K,Pharmer L,King T,Bojmar L,Davies AE,Ararso Y,Zhang T,Zhang H,Her

更新日期：2015-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), as purified from fresh human platelets, is a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 30,000 composed of two disulphide-linked subunit chains of similar size, named A and B (ref. 1). The dimer structure of PDGRF seems to be important for its biological effects, as reduction irreve...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Heldin CH,Johnsson A,Wennergren S,Wernstedt C,Betsholtz C,Westermark B

更新日期：1986-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Coordinated cell migration is essential in many fundamental biological processes including embryonic development, organogenesis, wound healing and the immune response. During organogenesis, groups of cells are directed to specific locations within the embryo. Here we show that the zebrafish miles apart (mil) mutation ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kupperman E,An S,Osborne N,Waldron S,Stainier DY

更新日期：2000-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the human retrovirus associated with AIDS in West Africa, HIV-2, shows that it is evolutionarily distant from the previously characterized HIV-1. We suggest that these viruses existed long before the current AIDS epidemics. Their biological properties are conserved in spite of li...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Guyader M,Emerman M,Sonigo P,Clavel F,Montagnier L,Alizon M

更新日期：1987-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is now so common within the world's population that it is beginning to replace undernutrition and infectious diseases as the most significant contributor to ill health. In particular, obesity is associated with diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, certain forms of cancer, and sleep-breathing disorders. O...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kopelman PG

更新日期：2000-04-06 00:00:00