Evaluation of internal standards for the analysis of amphetamine and methamphetamine.

Abstract:

:Deuterium-labeled analogues are available for a variety of drugs, but the amphetamines (amphetamine and methamphetamine) have more options available than any other drug. The analytical method and circumstances of its use can have a significant impact on the decision of what is the best internal standard to use. More than one method can give acceptable results; however, some circumstances can make a given internal standard a poor choice for a particular analysis. Increased choices of available candidates make the evaluation of an internal standard even more difficult. Thorough evaluation of the available options is a major undertaking and is presented here to assist laboratories in selection of the most appropriate internal standard for their individual needs. All commercially available deuterated analogues to amphetamine and methamphetamine were evaluated as part of this study. in addition, nonisotopically labeled propylamphetamine was also evaluated for comparison purposes. The compounds were analyzed underivatized and derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride, pentafluoropropionic anhydride, heptafluorobutyric anhydride, and 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl chloride on HP-1, HP-5, and DB-I 7 capillary columns. Mass spectral analysis revealed that several of the internal standards were not viable for monitoring ions typically associated with selected ion monitoring analysis of amphetamine and methamphetamine. These included amphetamine-d3 (1-phenyl-2-aminopropane-3,3,3-d3) and amphetamine-d5 (phenyl-d5), neither of which exhibits three unique ions. The d3 standard shares the common ion at m/z 91, acid d5 (phenyl) shares the base peak ion with derivatized amphetamine. Although methamphetamine-d6 and methamphetamine-d10 show three unique ions, they do not allow monitoring of the ion fragments typically used for methamphetamine. Evaluation of the limit of detection, linear range, and within-run and between-run variability was accomplished for each viable internal standard.

journal_name

J Anal Toxicol

authors

Valtier S,Cody JT

doi

10.1093/jat/19.6.375

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1995-10-01 00:00:00

pages

375-80

issue

6

eissn

0146-4760

issn

1945-2403

journal_volume

19

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Trazodone overdose: report of two cases.

    abstract::Two cases of overdose due to ingestion of trazodone are described. In one case, blood collected several hours following ingestion of an estimated 4 or more grams contained a trazodone concentration of 25.7 mg/L. Recovery was uneventful. The second case did not survive and death was attributed to the ingestion of multi...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/8.2.91

    authors: Root I,Ohlson GB

    更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00

  • Simultaneous identification and quantitation of codeine and morphine in urine by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy.

    abstract::An analytical procedure for simultaneous determination of codeine and morphine in urine is described. The detection of codeine and morphine is based on liquid-liquid extraction and derivatization to the acetylated compounds. The acetylated codeine and morphine are separated by capillary gas chromatography and identifi...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/9.5.222

    authors: Paul BD,Mell LD Jr,Mitchell JM,Irving J,Novak AJ

    更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00

  • A comparison of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide digestion of mouse hair in the recovery of radioactivity following systemic administration of [3H]-nicotine and [3H]-flunitrazepam.

    abstract::Pigmented (C57BI) and nonpigmented (balb/c) mice, 25 days of age, were treated intraperitoneally with [3H]-nicotine (4 mg/kg, 555 dpm/ng) or [3H]-flunitrazepam (1 mg/kg, 2200 dpm/ng) daily for three days. After 21 days, shaved back hair was digested at 37 degrees C for 24 h with either 1 M sodium hydroxide or 1 M sodi...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/24.1.54

    authors: Claffey DJ,Stout PR,Ruth JA

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Investigating the use of stimulants in out-of-competition sport samples.

    abstract::The List of Prohibited Substances and Methods (the List), an International Standard published yearly by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), determines which substances and methods are prohibited in sport in- and out-of-competition. Stimulants are included within drug class S.6 under the in-competition testing sectio...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/anatox/35.9.613

    authors: Boghosian T,Mazzoni I,Barroso O,Rabin O

    更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00

  • Specific determination of cyanide in blood by headspace gas chromatography.

    abstract::An improved method has been developed for the quantitative determination of cyanide in human blood by headspace gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. In this novel method, cyanide was detected after conversion of hydrogen cyanide into cyanogen chloride by a reaction with chloramine T. The advantage of th...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/18.4.205

    authors: Odoul M,Fouillet B,Nouri B,Chambon R,Chambon P

    更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00

  • Simultaneous GC-MS analysis of meta- and para-hydroxybenzoylecgonine and norbenzoylecgonine: a secondary method to corroborate cocaine ingestion using nonhydrolytic metabolites.

    abstract::Positive benzoylecgonine (BZE) urinalysis results are sometimes challenged in legal and administrative proceedings on the grounds that the presence of BZE is due to the addition of cocaine to the urine sample with subsequent in vitro hydrolysis to BZE. Consequently, counsel for the respondent or defendant may move tha...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/24.7.482

    authors: Klette KL,Poch GK,Czarny R,Lau CO

    更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00

  • Colchicine poisoning: report of a fatal case with body fluid analysis by GC/MS and histopathologic examination of postmortem tissues.

    abstract::A suicide caused by oral ingestion of colchicine is reported. Postmortem examination revealed circulating Pelger-Huet polymorphonuclear leukocytes and numerous mitotic and chromatin bodies in tissues with rapid cell turnover. Colchicine was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of an organic extra...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/15.3.151

    authors: Clevenger CV,August TF,Shaw LM

    更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of Immediate and Delayed Blood Alcohol Concentration Testing.

    abstract::The effects of storage time and temperature on blood alcohol concentration were evaluated in this two-part study involving 34 ethanol-negative and 21 ethanol-positive volunteers. Multiple 10-mL Vacutainer(®) blood tubes containing 100 mg of sodium fluoride and 20 mg of potassium oxalate were collected from living pers...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/bkv061

    authors: Vance CS,Carter CR,Carter RJ,Del Valle MM,Peña JR

    更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00

  • Validation of blood and liver oxymorphone analysis using LC-MS-MS: concentrations in 30 fatal overdoses.

    abstract::A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantitation of oxymorphone (OM) in human whole blood and liver. Sample preparation was done by solid-phase extraction, using deuterated OM as the internal standard. Separation was achieved using a Waters Aquity UPLC ...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/bkt077

    authors: Crum ED,Bailey KM,Richards-Waugh LL,Clay DJ,Gebhardt MA,Kraner JC

    更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00

  • High-performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine enantiomers, desmethylselegiline and selegiline, in hair samples of long-term methamphetamine abusers or selegiline users.

    abstract::We devised a highly sensitive method for simultaneously determining methamphetamine (MA) and amphetamine (AP) enantiomers, desmethylselegiline (DMSG) and selegiline (SG), in human hair using a derivatization technique and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). M...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/30.4.232

    authors: Nishida K,Itoh S,Inoue N,Kudo K,Ikeda N

    更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00

  • Determination of pentobarbital and certain other barbiturates by capillary gas-liquid chromatography.

    abstract::A rapid capillary gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of barbiturates in plasma at concentrations of clinical importance is presented. This method employs a rapid and simple extraction procedure and direct flame ionization detection with no derivatization. ...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/7.4.178

    authors: Wallace JE,Hall LR,Harris SC

    更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00

  • Validation of a New Recombinant Antibody Fragment (rFab)-Based Homogeneous Enzyme Immunoassay for the Highly Specific Detection of 6-Acetylmorphine in Urine.

    abstract::The detection of 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) in urine by immunoassay methods is challenging due to its short half-life and its similarity in structure to many commonly abused opiates that are often present at very high concentrations in urine. Current 6-AM homogeneous enzyme immunoassays use lyophilized reagents because o...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/bkv090

    authors: Wang G,Huynh K,Barhate R,Liu J,Tam P,Rodrigues W,Coulter C,Moore C,Soares J

    更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00

  • Detection of l-Methamphetamine and l-Amphetamine as Selegiline Metabolites.

    abstract::Selegiline (SE) is a selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, used for reducing symptoms in early-stage Parkinson's disease. The metabolites of SE include l-methamphetamine, l-amphetamine and desmethylselegiline (DSE). The stereoisomers of SE metabolites, d-methamphetamine and d-amphetamine are highly ad...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa058

    authors: Shin I,Choi H,Kang S,Kim J,Park Y,Yang W

    更新日期:2020-05-30 00:00:00

  • Stability and Degradation Pathways of Different Psychoactive Drugs in Neat and in Buffered Oral Fluid.

    abstract::Sampling and drug stability in oral fluid (OF) are crucial factors when interpreting forensic toxicological analysis, mainly because samples may not be analyzed immediately after collection, potentially altering drug concentrations. Therefore, the stability of some common drugs of abuse (morphine, codeine, 6-monoacety...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/bkz114

    authors: Marchei E,Malaca S,Graziano S,Gottardi M,Pichini S,Busardò FP

    更新日期:2020-07-31 00:00:00

  • Urine concentration Does Not Affect Biochemical Testing for Non-Adherence.

    abstract::Hypertension is one of the most important modifiable risk factor causing cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, non-adherence to antihypertensive medications is frequently observed in hypertensive patients and can lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Until recently, there was no robust clinical method to ob...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa192

    authors: Burns AD,Alghamadi R,Iqbal A,Davies T,Lane D,Patel P,Gupta P

    更新日期:2020-12-10 00:00:00

  • Relationship between the concentration of hydrocodone and its conversion to hydromorphone in chronic pain patients using urinary excretion data.

    abstract::Hydrocodone in combination with acetaminophen is commonly used to control moderate pain and is metabolized by cytochrome P4502D6 to form the active metabolite, hydromorphone. The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolic relationship and variability between hydrocodone and its conversion to hydromorphone us...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/bks019

    authors: Barakat NH,Atayee RS,Best BM,Pesce AJ

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of four immunoassay screening kits for the detection of benzodiazepines in urine.

    abstract::The identification of benzodiazepines (BZD) in biological fluids can be a challenging process. The large number of various BZD in pharmaceutical distribution, with similar core structures, and individual metabolic profiles all contribute to a complicated and time-consuming analysis. The purpose of the current study wa...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/32.6.433

    authors: DeRienz RT,Holler JM,Manos ME,Jemionek J,Past MR

    更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00

  • Validation of analysis of amphetamines, opiates, phencyclidine, cocaine, and benzoylecgonine in oral fluids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

    abstract::The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a method for the detection and quantitation of drugs of abuse in oral fluids. Fortified oral fluid samples (made in-house) and samples from donors collected with Quantasil oral fluid collection kits from Immunalysis were screened on an Olympus 5400 using reagent...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/32.8.605

    authors: Kala SV,Harris SE,Freijo TD,Gerlich S

    更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00

  • The Lethal Cutting: An Unexpected Cause of Death.

    abstract::Cocaine is among the illicit substances most frequently implicated in deaths related to the use of drugs of abuse both worldwide and in Italy. Cutting agents involved in the adulterations of this substance are many and the process of lacing can take place at various stages of the production of the drug. In this Report...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/bkab006

    authors: Di Candia D,Boracchi M,Muccino E,Gentile G,Zoja R

    更新日期:2021-01-08 00:00:00

  • GCD quantitation of opiates as propionyl derivatives in blood.

    abstract::We describe a method using a gas chromatograph with electron ionization detection (GCD) for the simultaneous determination of morphine, codeine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, ethylmorphine, and dihydrocodeine in blood. The method employs propionic anhydride in the presence of triethylamine to propionylate free hydroxyl groups...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/24.2.122

    authors: Mykkänen S,Seppälä J,Ariniemi K,Lillsunde P

    更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00

  • Concentration of oxymorphone in postmortem fluids and tissue.

    abstract::Oxymorphone, a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic, has been available as Numorphan since the 1950s in the form of injectable solutions and a suppository. Recently, in 2006, oxymorphone was approved by the Federal Drug Administration for use in the form of immediate and extended release tablets under the trade name Opana....

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/33.3.121

    authors: Garside D,Hargrove RL,Winecker RE

    更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00

  • Case report: an arsenic murder.

    abstract::An arsenic death was investigated six and one half years after the demise. Analysis of tissue embedded in paraffin blocks demonstrated toxic concentrations. Spectrophotometry was employed with the use of a hydride generator to provide specificity and sensitivity to less than 0.05 microgram. ...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/6.5.260

    authors: Bednarczyk LR,Matusiak W

    更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00

  • LC-MS analysis of serotonergic drugs.

    abstract::Separating drugs which are both polar and basic has long been difficult because of the limited operating pH range of conventional HPLC columns. This paper describes a liquid chromatographic method capable of being used with either diode-array or mass spectrometric detection for the identification and quantitation of 1...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/27.1.30

    authors: Goeringer KE,McIntyre lM,Drummer OH

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the detection of low molecular weight volatiles.

    abstract::Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) has been used to identify ethanol in vivo and to detect other exogenous low molecular weight volatiles in human serum. 1H MRS was used to detect and quantitate 15 human sera containing various concentrations and combinations of ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, and ...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/17.5.273

    authors: Pappas AA,Thompson JR,Fuller GL,Porter WH,Gadsden RH

    更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00

  • Segmental Analysis of Chlorprothixene and Desmethylchlorprothixene in Postmortem Hair.

    abstract::Analysis of drugs in hair differs from their analysis in other tissues due to the extended detection window, as well as the opportunity that segmental hair analysis offers for the detection of changes in drug intake over time. The antipsychotic drug chlorprothixene is widely used, but few reports exist on chlorprothix...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/bky038

    authors: Günther KN,Johansen SS,Wicktor P,Banner J,Linnet K

    更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00

  • Chromatographic and spectral properties of some aryl-substituted phencyclidine analogs.

    abstract::As part of a search for phencyclidine (PCP) antagonists, a series of eleven aryl-substituted PCP analogs were prepared and characterized. TLC and GC elution profiles of these derivatives are described in a number of systems allowing for the tentative identification of the PCP analogs. Further, MS, NMR, UV/vis and IR s...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/7.5.252

    authors: Costa JF,Speaker TJ

    更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of immunoassays for cannabinoids in urine.

    abstract::A comparison was made of several cannabinoid urine assays. Two hundred randomly selected urine specimens were initially screened by two enzyme immunoassays (EMIT-st and EMIT-d.a.u.) and a radioimmunoassay (Abuscreen RIA). Selected specimens found positive by any of these methods were further analyzed by gas-liquid chr...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/8.4.192

    authors: Irving J,Leeb B,Foltz RL,Cook CE,Bursey JT,Willette RE

    更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacokinetics of iso-α-acids in volunteers following the consumption of beer.

    abstract::Hop-derived iso-α-acid (IAA) ingredient congeners are specific to beer. Concentrations of IAAs were determined in blood of five volunteers over 6 h following the consumption of small volumes of beer containing relatively high (Pale Ale beer) or low (wheat beer) concentrations of IAAs. IAAs were quickly absorbed with p...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/bku038

    authors: Rodda LN,Gerostamoulos D,Drummer OH

    更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00

  • Distribution of temazepam in body fluids and tissues in lethal overdose.

    abstract::Two cases of lethal overdose by temazepam are presented. In both cases, temazepam was the only drug detected, and there was no involvement of alcohol. The drug concentrations in blood, urine, and liver were measured. ...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/10.2.77

    authors: Martin CD,Chan SC

    更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00

  • Analysis of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its metabolites in plasma and urine by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS.

    abstract::In Europe, the compound 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy, Adam), in addition to cannabis, is the most abused illicit drug at all-night "techno" parties. Methods for the determination of MDMA and its metabolites, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA), 3,4-dihydroxy-methamphetamine (HHMA), 3,4-methyl...

    journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/jat/20.6.432

    authors: Helmlin HJ,Bracher K,Bourquin D,Vonlanthen D,Brenneisen R

    更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00