Abstract：
:Separating drugs which are both polar and basic has long been difficult because of the limited operating pH range of conventional HPLC columns. This paper describes a liquid chromatographic method capable of being used with either diode-array or mass spectrometric detection for the identification and quantitation of 10 antidepressant and 2 antipsychotic drugs, all of which have serotonergic activity. In developing the method, the effects of varying buffers and mobile phase pH and of adding modifying agents on resolution and capacity factors were investigated. The organic buffers ammonia, glycine, and triethylamine were each used in a mobile phase made up of 32.5% buffer/67.5% methanol (v/v) at a pH of 10.0. Additionally, four different concentrations each of tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile were added to investigate the effect of a modifying agent on resolution and retention. In general, decreasing mobile phase pH reduced retention times and decreased resolution. Adding tetrahydrofuran in place of the same amount of methanol tended to decrease retention times, and adding acetonitrile tended to slightly increase retention times. However, addition of both marginally improved resolution. This method has been used to satisfactorily analyze brain, blood, liver, urine, vitreous fluid, and stomach contents in subjects known to have used these drugs.
journal_name
J Anal Toxicoljournal_title
Journal of analytical toxicologyauthors
Goeringer KE,McIntyre lM,Drummer OHdoi
10.1093/jat/27.1.30keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
30-5issue
1eissn
0146-4760issn
1945-2403journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The detection of 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) in urine by immunoassay methods is challenging due to its short half-life and its similarity in structure to many commonly abused opiates that are often present at very high concentrations in urine. Current 6-AM homogeneous enzyme immunoassays use lyophilized reagents because o...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bkv090
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolism experiments were conducted with rats dosed with nine azo dyes based on dimethyl-, dimethoxy-, or dichlorobenzidine to determine whether the free amine congeners, their monoacetyl or diacetyl metabolites, or alkaline hydrolyzable conjugates were excreted in the urine. After preliminary tests of the dyes, 2-m...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/7.1.55
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An automated column-switching liquid chromatographic-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometric (LC-APCI-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of frequently encountered benzodiazepine hypnotics and their relevant metabolites in urine has been established. A column-switching online solid-phase ...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/26.2.87
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantitative analysis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in oral fluid has gained increasing interest in clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories. New medicinal and/or recreational cannabinoid products require laboratories to distinguish different patterns of cannabinoid use. This study validated a high-performa...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bkaa184
更新日期：2020-12-03 00:00:00
abstract：:A variety of chemical agents were evaluated to determine their effects on fluorescence polarization immunoassays for drugs of abuse. Sixteen different agents, at concentrations up to 10%, were tested against urine assays for cannabinoids, cocaine (metabolite), amphetamines, opiates, phencyclidine (PCP), and barbiturat...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/17.1.14
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acetaminophen (APAP, n-acetyl-p-aminophenol) and salicylate (ASA, acetylsalicylic acid) are two of the most frequently overdosed drugs reported in the emergency room. Most APAP and ASA tests are performed with analytical instruments in laboratories, which are not always ideal for emergency situations. A rapid membrane...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/27.6.366
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Decomposed bone and plasma samples of rats exposed to amitriptyline (AMI) and citalopram (CIT) under different dosing patterns were analyzed. Wistar rats received one acute dose (120 mg AMI/kg and 40 mg CIT/kg; n = 5) or two doses (40 mg AMI/kg and 13 mg CIT/kg, n = 5) 40 min apart. After collection of perimortem bloo...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bkt078
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of eight frequently used benzodiazepines and some of their metabolites in postmortem samples. The method includes a liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane-ethyl acetate (70:30, v/v), gradient elution of a C8 reversed-phas...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/19.1.35
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cocaine is among the illicit substances most frequently implicated in deaths related to the use of drugs of abuse both worldwide and in Italy. Cutting agents involved in the adulterations of this substance are many and the process of lacing can take place at various stages of the production of the drug. In this Report...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bkab006
更新日期：2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract：:From a public health point of view, cocaine (COC) presents serious clinical problems and deaths from overdose and lifelong addiction patterns, not to mention its involvement in crime, in the United States. This study subjected rhesus monkeys to one intravenous administration of COC (1 mg/kg), which closely imitates th...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/19.7.571
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixteen apparently intact procainamide tablets, in varied stages of drug depletion, were found distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract of a man who died of arteriosclerotic heart disease with pulmonary complications. The tablets were found to contain procainamide by a thin layer chromatography system with ca...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/8.5.244
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amoxapine, a tricyclic antidepressant, is metabolized to 8-hydroxyamoxapine and 7-hydroxyamoxapine. There are few reports on the metabolism of this drug and correlation of clinical symptoms in overdose patients. Five such patients admitted to the Emergency Unit of the University of Cincinnati Hospital were studied. Cl...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/8.3.124
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new point-of-care colloidal metal immunoassay urine drugs-of-abuse testing device, the BIOSITE TRIAGE Plus Propoxyphene (TPP), was evaluated for the rapid detection of dextropropoxyphene (PPY) and/or its primary metabolite, norpropoxyphene (NP), in urine at a total PPY/NP concentration of 300 ng/mL or greater. This ...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/28.6.485
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fraction of any surface-adsorbed contaminant available for absorption is considered the bioaccessible fraction. Applied previously to contaminants such as pesticides and heavy metals on surfaces such as soil, food and cosmetics, the term may also be used to describe the fraction of drug residue bound to work surfa...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bky073
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bupropion is a "second generation" antidepressant agent structurally related to the phenethylamines. Postmortem toxicology data are presented from three suicidal drug overdoses in which bupropion was detected. In two cases in which bupropion was the major toxicology finding, peripheral blood levels of the parent drug ...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/17.7.436
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) has been used to identify ethanol in vivo and to detect other exogenous low molecular weight volatiles in human serum. 1H MRS was used to detect and quantitate 15 human sera containing various concentrations and combinations of ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, and ...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/17.5.273
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of decomposition microclimate on the distribution of dextromethorphan (DXM) and dextrorphan (DXT) in skeletonized remains of rats acutely exposed to DXM were examined. Animals (n = 10) received DXM (75 mg/kg, i.p.), were euthanized 30 min post-dose and immediately allowed to decompose at either Site A (sha...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bkw083
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rapid and sensitive solid-phase extraction method for the lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) metabolite 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD (O-H-LSD) was developed for use in a forensic laboratory. The method uses a positive-pressure manifold anion-exchange polymer-based solid-phase extraction with subsequent analysis by liquid chrom...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/27.7.459
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heart blood free oxycodone concentrations in oxycodone-related and mixed drug overdose deaths were compared with those found incidentally at autopsy in medical examiner cases. Between 2000 and 2005, 67 oxycodone-positive postmortem cases were identified. Thirty of 67 cases (44.8%) were determined to be drug overdoses....
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/32.8.673
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzoylecgonine (BZE) extraction from urine was explored using Cerex Polycrom Clin II solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns and the Speedisk 48 Pressure Processor as an alternative to the Prep1 automated sample processor and XTRX Type RP/W columns. Linearity for urine standards extracted using the Cerex-Speedisk method...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/25.7.616
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As a part of ongoing testing of personnel preparing training aids for drug detection dogs at the Naval Criminal Investigative Service Regional Forensic Laboratory, personnel handling methamphetamine (MTH) were subject to voluntary urine drug testing. This provided a model of potential unwitting or environmental exposu...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/30.8.551
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High doses of nutmeg (seeds from Myristica fragrans Houtt.) can be abused as a psychoactive drug due to phenylpropene ingredients. During controlled abstinence, e.g., in forensic psychiatric clinics, nutmeg abuse has to be distinguished from an ingestion of other spices having phenylpropene ingredients (e.g., black pe...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bkz054
更新日期：2020-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Due to the lack of certified reference material, a reliable quantification in complex postmortem matrices can only be performed either by the addition of isotope-labelled standards or by the standard addition method. Although standard addition is a basic quantification procedure, its practical implementation is challe...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bkv078
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent that causes painful blisters and chemically modifies endogenous biomacromolecules by alkylation to hydroxyethylthioethyl (HETE) adducts representing valuable long-term markers for post-exposure analysis. The albumin adduct formed in human plasma in vitro (HETE bound to t...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bkv010
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of methylene blue and leucomethylene blue in male and female Fischer 344 rat urine and male and female B6C3F1 mouse urine was developed for use in supporting toxicokinetic studies, validated, and used to analyze urine samples for a preliminary dose level range-find...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/29.1.28
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective was to develop a simple routine method for quantitative measurement of endogenous formic acid in plasma and whole blood using headspace gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. (GC-FID). Two-hundred microliters of sample was placed in a 1-mL glass vial. Fifty microliters of aqueous ethanol (10%) wa...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/31.6.342
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzodiazepines are common drugs that cause intoxication. Benzodiazepines and their metabolites can be converted by hydrolysis in acid to the corresponding benzophenones, which are easier to be separated from matrices because of their hydrophobic properties. In this study, a new separation technique called solid-phase...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/23.1.54
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method is presented for the extraction and screening of basic and neutral drugs, including amphetamines. Two milliliters of blood are buffered to pH 9.0 and extracted with n-chlorobutane. Underivatized extracts are analyzed simultaneously on two complementary capillary columns placed together in one injection port u...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/10.5.198
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This manuscript details a validated liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS-MS) method for the quantification of methadone and its metabolites 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) and 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenylpyroline (EMDP) in 0.5 mL ...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/31.5.265
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because mycotoxins occur worldwide in grain and grain products, evaluating their effects on the health of the population has become important. The development of a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure was investigated for the analysis of aflatoxin B1, citrinin, and ochratoxin A, from hydrolyzed hum...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/10.2.41
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
