Abstract:
:The fraction of any surface-adsorbed contaminant available for absorption is considered the bioaccessible fraction. Applied previously to contaminants such as pesticides and heavy metals on surfaces such as soil, food and cosmetics, the term may also be used to describe the fraction of drug residue bound to work surfaces which may be mobilized via contact transfer with human skin. Police station work surfaces have been shown to commonly contain low levels of drug residues as thin films; however, no information is available on how readily these residues may be transferred to human skin during direct or glancing contact. A bioaccessibility study was undertaken in which jojoba oil and artificial sebum were used to mimic human sebum to identify how readily a mix of six licit and illicit drugs were transferred from three commonly used police station work surfaces. Transfer from surfaces was slightly greater for jojoba oil than sebum when using a direct pressure contact or a wiping motion. Generally, less than 5% of applied residues were recovered via direct contact, and up to 10% when a wiping motion was used to simulate a glancing contact. While swabbing of work surfaces with methanol provides a suitable environmental audit of drug residues present, it does not represent the bioaccessible fraction of residues available for contact transfer, and hence, absorption via skin or unintentional ingestion. The current study indicates that the ability of sebum to mobilize drug residues from thin films on work surfaces via casual contact is limited, and sebum may potentially assist in the preservation of residues on pitted work surfaces and on skin.
journal_name
J Anal Toxicoljournal_title
Journal of analytical toxicologyauthors
Doran GS,Howitt JAdoi
10.1093/jat/bky073subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-01 00:00:00pages
144-148issue
2eissn
0146-4760issn
1945-2403pii
5122738journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Synthetic cathinones inhibit monoamine transporters, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine transporters, and act on the central nervous system via increasing synaptic concentrations of monoamines. These compounds, which are highly addictive and potentially poisonous, are new psychoactive substances. In this ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkx080
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive and robust ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the quantification of acetaminophen, dexchlorpheniramine, caffeine, cotinine and salicylic acid in postmortem blood samples from children younger than 4 years. The sample was prepare...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkx089
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of decomposition microclimate on the distribution of dextromethorphan (DXM) and dextrorphan (DXT) in skeletonized remains of rats acutely exposed to DXM were examined. Animals (n = 10) received DXM (75 mg/kg, i.p.), were euthanized 30 min post-dose and immediately allowed to decompose at either Site A (sha...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkw083
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::While circumventing legislative controls, synthetic piperazines are encountered as "legal" alternatives to ecstasy. Unforeseeable challenges may delay quantitative analysis of these compounds in biological fluids. Enzymatic reactions, matrix interferences and limited knowledge of analyte stability further complicate i...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkx090
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclopropylfentanyl is a fentanyl analog implicated in 78 deaths in Europe and over 100 deaths in the United States, but toxicological information including metabolism data about this drug is scarce. The aim of this study was to provide the exact structure of abundant and unique metabolites of cyclopropylfentanyl alon...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkz057
更新日期:2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicological analyses of medicines and chemicals in formaldehyde-treated specimens are a component of forensic toxicology. This review involves two parts: (i) reactions of formaldehyde with substances in tissues fixed with formalin (aqueous formaldehyde solution) and (ii) the stability of substances in formalin-treat...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jat/bkt055
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poisoning with agricultural chemicals is a major threat for wildlife all over the world. We have developed and validated an analytical scheme aimed to the identification and quantification of a wide range of pesticides in fresh liver from wildlife specimens that are routinely delivered to the forensic laboratories for...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku009
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyanohydrins, also be called cyanoalcohols, are important industrial precursors to carboxylic acids and some amino acids. Acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) and formaldehyde cyanohydrin (glycolonitrile, FCH), which are the typical examples of cyanohydrins, are classified as extremely hazardous substances. As the cyanohydrins c...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkw023
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:We encountered unexpected false positive urine results in three patients for amphetamine-type substances by immunoassay, measured as part of community drug prevention programmes. Kavain was identified in all three urine samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). No other potential cross-react...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa178
更新日期:2020-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::This study shows a simple, rapid, and specific method for the quantitative determination of cyanide ion in body fluids, especially blood, by fluorimetry. It is based upon the transformation of cyanide ion into hydrocyanic acid, which then reacts with 2,3-naphthalenedialdehyde and taurine in a self-contained system. Th...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/22.5.363
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The quantification of drugs of abuse in keratinized matrices is becoming of special relevance for monitoring consumption and for post-mortem investigations. We aimed to implement an analytical method for the simultaneous detection of morphine (MORF), 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), methadone (MET), 2-ethylidene-1,5-dime...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkx099
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxymorphone, a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic, has been available as Numorphan since the 1950s in the form of injectable solutions and a suppository. Recently, in 2006, oxymorphone was approved by the Federal Drug Administration for use in the form of immediate and extended release tablets under the trade name Opana....
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/33.3.121
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective was to develop a simple routine method for quantitative measurement of endogenous formic acid in plasma and whole blood using headspace gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. (GC-FID). Two-hundred microliters of sample was placed in a 1-mL glass vial. Fifty microliters of aqueous ethanol (10%) wa...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/31.6.342
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The List of Prohibited Substances and Methods (the List), an International Standard published yearly by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), determines which substances and methods are prohibited in sport in- and out-of-competition. Stimulants are included within drug class S.6 under the in-competition testing sectio...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/anatox/35.9.613
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A colchicine blood concentration 250 microgram/L was determined in a 39-year-old white female 2 hours following the ingestion of an oral overdose of the drug. At death, 40 hours following ingestion, no drug was detected. Colchicine was extracted from buffered blood using dichloromethane. The evaporated extract was red...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/4.3.153
更新日期:1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high performance liquid chromatographic method is reported, which incorporates three internal standards (I-cinchonidine, N-propylprocainamide, and para-chlorodisopyramide) for the simultaneous quantitation of four commonly prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs: quinidine, procainamide, N-acetylprocainamide, and disopyrami...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/7.2.65
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an endogenous compound, but its presence in postmortem blood presents a challenge when interpreting elevated levels as GHB is misused as a recreational drug and is also produced postmortem. A total of 387 postmortem cases (273 male and 114 female) submitted to the toxicology laboratory b...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku088
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During periodate degradation of interfering ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine in the extraction of methamphetamine from urine, it was observed that a small amount of methamphetamine was demethylated to amphetamine. although all three interfering phenylpropanolamines could be degraded by periodate at ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/18.6.331
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four kinds of volatile anesthetics (halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane) that were dissolved in 3 microL of experimental plasma samples were examined by the pulse-heating gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method, and this approach was found to be reliable for qualitative and quantitative analysis. T...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/19.2.115
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::New psychoactive substances (NPS) are a major public health problem, primarily due to the increased number of acute poisoning cases. Detection of these substances is a challenge. The aim of this research was to develop and validate a sensitive screening method for 104 drugs of abuse, including synthetic cannabinoids, ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa089
更新日期:2020-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::A method for the simultaneous extraction of the hallucinogens psilocin, bufotenine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) as well as iso-LSD, nor-LSD and O-H-LSD from hair with hydrochloride acid and methanol is presented. Clean-up of the hair extracts is performed with solid phase extraction using a mixed-mode cation exch...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku141
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prolintane is a sympathomimetic amine with pharmacologic properties similar to d-amphetamine. Side effects include insomnia, nervousness, and irritability. Overdoses of prolintane may cause hallucinations, psychosis, and death. The drug is commonly prescribed in Africa, Australia, and Europe but is not available in th...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/31.7.415
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Buprenorphine, which is used in France as a substitution drug for opioid addiction, is widely abused, and several fatal cases have been reported. In order to confirm a recent intoxication or to establish retrospectively chronic abuse, a simple and reliable gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was developed an...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/23.4.270
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urinary metabolites of famprofazone following oral administration in humans were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron impact-ionization and comparison with the spectra and retention times of authentic standards. The metabolites were determined following selective derivatization with N-methy...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/22.1.55
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of storage time and temperature on blood alcohol concentration were evaluated in this two-part study involving 34 ethanol-negative and 21 ethanol-positive volunteers. Multiple 10-mL Vacutainer(®) blood tubes containing 100 mg of sodium fluoride and 20 mg of potassium oxalate were collected from living pers...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkv061
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gas chromatographic methods have been developed using a Supelco 1240-DA column for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in plasma and urine samples, and phenol in urine samples. These methods required no derivatization. Electron capture detection has been used for PCP determination, while flame ionization dete...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/6.6.297
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive and specific method was developed for the quantitative analysis of l-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM), l-alpha-acetyl-N-normethadol (norLAAM), and l-alpha-acetyl-N,N-dinormethadol (dinorLAAM) in hair. In the development of this method, it was determined that sample pretreatment methods performed by the laborato...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/21.6.420
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methoxphenidine (MXP, 2-MeO-diphenidine) is a dissociative anaesthetic drug of the diarylethylamine type, recently introduced for recreational purposes through the online-based sale of new psychoactive substances (NPS). The concentration of MXP in hair has never been reported, either in cases of chemsex use or in fata...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkab016
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an attempt to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of thin-layer chromatographic analysis for the detection of strychnine and crimidine in biological samples, a rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method with densitometry is described. Fortified dog serum and stomach content samples were an...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/20.3.185
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel mass spectrometry detection technique based on a multi-period and multi- experiment (MRM-EPI-MRM3) with library matching in a single run for fast and rapid screening and identification of amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) related drugs in whole blood, urine and dried blood stain was developed and validated. Th...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkz017
更新日期:2019-08-23 00:00:00