Abstract:
:Oxymorphone, a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic, has been available as Numorphan since the 1950s in the form of injectable solutions and a suppository. Recently, in 2006, oxymorphone was approved by the Federal Drug Administration for use in the form of immediate and extended release tablets under the trade name Opana. Since the advent of Opana, the number of deaths involving oxymorphone has risen considerably in the State of North Carolina. To date, there are very few reported values for postmortem concentrations of oxymorphone in the literature to aid in the interpretation of these cases. We report 33 medical examiner cases involving oxymorphone and provide the distribution of oxymorphone in postmortem blood, liver, and urine samples. Oxymorphone was detected in blood by enzyme immunoassay and confirmed by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry utilizing a solid-phase extraction procedure. Calibration curves from 0.025 to 0.50 mg/L were established with a limit of quantitiation of 0.025 mg/L. The mean concentration for oxymorphone in postmortem central (n = 28) and peripheral (n = 23) blood samples was 0.15 mg/L. The median values for the central and peripheral samples were 0.10 mg/L (range: 0.011-0.59) and 0.075 mg/L (range: 0.017-0.82), respectively. Liver concentrations ranged from "none detected" to > 2.0 mg/kg, with mean and median values of 0.36 and 0.30 mg/kg, respectively. The majority of urine samples were > 0.50 mg/L.
journal_name
J Anal Toxicoljournal_title
Journal of analytical toxicologyauthors
Garside D,Hargrove RL,Winecker REdoi
10.1093/jat/33.3.121subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-04-01 00:00:00pages
121-8issue
3eissn
0146-4760issn
1945-2403journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Previous studies have shown that drug concentrations in blood can change during storage, especially at room temperature, but even labile drugs such as cocaine may be stable in dried blood spots (DBS). A new method has been developed for the analysis of hydrolytically labile drugs in blood spots on filter paper in orde...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/32.7.511
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple isocratic HPLC procedure for the analysis of cocaine in plasma, with or without an internal standard, is described for the first time. Basified plasma was extracted in ether, re-extracted in acetic acid, which was subsequently basified prior to the final extraction in n-hexane. The hexane extract was evaporat...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/4.6.305
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of drugs in hair differs from their analysis in other tissues due to the extended detection window, as well as the opportunity that segmental hair analysis offers for the detection of changes in drug intake over time. The antipsychotic drug chlorprothixene is widely used, but few reports exist on chlorprothix...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bky038
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetaminophen (APAP, n-acetyl-p-aminophenol) and salicylate (ASA, acetylsalicylic acid) are two of the most frequently overdosed drugs reported in the emergency room. Most APAP and ASA tests are performed with analytical instruments in laboratories, which are not always ideal for emergency situations. A rapid membrane...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/27.6.366
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixteen apparently intact procainamide tablets, in varied stages of drug depletion, were found distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract of a man who died of arteriosclerotic heart disease with pulmonary complications. The tablets were found to contain procainamide by a thin layer chromatography system with ca...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/8.5.244
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid, simple, highly sensitive procedure for the simultaneous analysis of bromazepam, alprazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam, diazepam, midazolam, flurazepam, flunitrazepam, nordiazepam, triazolam, temazepam, nitrazepam, and chlordiazepoxide in oral fluid is described, using liquid chromatography coupled to a ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/31.9.596
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a case involving unusually high postmortem morphine concentrations in a 44-year-old male with end-stage pancreatic cancer. He was receiving morphine for pain control via a single subclavian intravenous catheter. Allegations of foul play were made by family members at the time of death, so a full autopsy was ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/28.6.529
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Part I. Expert 4: The object of this study was to investigate the applicability of commercially available expert system shells to interpretation in forensic toxicology. Amitriptyline toxicology was selected as a pilot trial. Blood and tissue concentrations of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in fatal and nonfatal amitr...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/12.4.216
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes two relatively simple methods for the microdetermination of urinary cadmium (U-Cd) and urinary nickel (U-Ni) using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Reduction of nonspecific absorption interferences was achieved by temperature programming and background correction using a deuterium ar...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/14.1.29
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple and sensitive method for determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) by gas chromatography (GC) with surface ionization detection (SID) is presented. Whole blood or urine, containing DMT and gramine (internal standard), was subjected to solid-phase extraction with a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge before analysis by ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/21.1.36
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A protocol is described for the preparation and characterization of bovine blood lead (Pb) reference material (RM). Adult bovine animals are orally dosed with Pb as Pb(NO3)2, and blood is collected directly from the jugular vein into 5-mL evacuated, low-Pb glass tubes containing EDTA as anticoagulant. The blood is coo...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/13.4.204
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calibration model selection is required for all quantitative methods in toxicology and more broadly in bioanalysis. This typically involves selecting the equation order (quadratic or linear) and weighting factor correctly modelizing the data. A mis-selection of the calibration model will generate lower quality control...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkx001
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a part of ongoing testing of personnel preparing training aids for drug detection dogs at the Naval Criminal Investigative Service Regional Forensic Laboratory, personnel handling methamphetamine (MTH) were subject to voluntary urine drug testing. This provided a model of potential unwitting or environmental exposu...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/30.8.551
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An online automatic sample cleanup system was developed for use with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS-MS) for the quantitative detection of the benzene exposure biomarker S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) in human urine. The sample clean-up system was constructed with an autosampling device, a r...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/26.4.205
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fentanyl is a potent, short-acting narcotic analgesic widely used as a surgical anesthetic and for the control of pain when administered in the form of a transdermal patch. The success of the patch can be attributed to fentanyl's low molecular weight and its highly lipophilic nature, which enables it to be readily abs...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/24.7.627
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid, specific and quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography assay procedure is described for the determination of ICI 125, 211, (I), a guanidino-thiazole H2-receptor antagonist, in small samples of animal plasma. A 0.2 mL aliquot of plasma is extracted at pH 9 with ethyl acetate. After reconstitution in ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/4.5.244
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An analytical database, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array ultraviolet (UV) detection, of over 250 toxicologically relevant drugs has been extensively applied to both clinical and forensic toxicology. This general drug screening system, based on a mixed-phase (octadecyl/cyanopropyl) c...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/22.4.279
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This case report presents three unrelated children found to have heroin and/or fentanyl in their systems after general unknown systematic toxicological analysis (STA). The first case involves an 11-month-old male found unresponsive at their residence. The scene response suggested a potentially unsafe sleeping conditio...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bky052
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bupropion is a "second generation" antidepressant agent structurally related to the phenethylamines. Postmortem toxicology data are presented from three suicidal drug overdoses in which bupropion was detected. In two cases in which bupropion was the major toxicology finding, peripheral blood levels of the parent drug ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/17.7.436
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed drug with its main source found in coffee. We evaluated the caffeine content of caffeinated and decaffeinated specialty coffee samples obtained from coffee shops. Caffeine was isolated from the coffee by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography with nitro...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/27.7.520
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The measurement of cefoperazone concentrations in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is important to understanding the biodisposition and pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug. We have demonstrated that cefoperazone is unstable in methanol and at alkaline pH and these factors may affect the accurate quantitation of the drug i...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/6.2.85
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparison was made of several cannabinoid urine assays. Two hundred randomly selected urine specimens were initially screened by two enzyme immunoassays (EMIT-st and EMIT-d.a.u.) and a radioimmunoassay (Abuscreen RIA). Selected specimens found positive by any of these methods were further analyzed by gas-liquid chr...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/8.4.192
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The classical definitions of method detection limit (MDL) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) are redefined using calibration curve regression analysis. Traditional ways of determining these parameters provide scant information on the daily precision of the analysis at all concentration levels. These parameters are time c...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/14.5.296
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a case of fatal overdosage due to an accidental massive administration (750 mg instead of 170 mg) of cisplatin, an anticancer agent, to a 63-year-old patient suffering from lymphoma. Platinum was measured in various postmortem samples by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Heart ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/28.2.138
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the relationships between the concentrations of R/S-methamphetamine (MA) and its metabolite R/S-amphetamine (AP), the AP/MA ratio in hair samples, and MA dependence were investigated by performing segmental hair analysis in MA users. Authentic hair samples collected from 10 chronic MA abusers were cut i...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkz089
更新日期:2020-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Hop-derived iso-α-acid (IAA) ingredient congeners are specific to beer. Concentrations of IAAs were determined in blood of five volunteers over 6 h following the consumption of small volumes of beer containing relatively high (Pale Ale beer) or low (wheat beer) concentrations of IAAs. IAAs were quickly absorbed with p...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku038
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This manuscript reviews data available in the scientific literature relative to drug testing for the five mandated drug classes and circumstances other than abuse of the drug itself that could result in a positive test. For marijuana, passive inhalation, unknowing oral ingestion, and the use of Marinol are discussed. ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/19.6.450
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A quantitative analysis was developed for the determination of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and cocaethylene in oral fluid using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. After internal standardization and solid-phase extraction, chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase column by gradient elution...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/28.8.655
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::About 22,000 samples of oral fluid have been collected in five population studies in Norway using either the Intercept or Statsure oral fluid sampling devices. The prevalence of alcohol and drugs was found to be higher in oral fluid samples with small volumes than in those with large volumes for both sampling devices;...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/34.7.416
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe an assay for measuring cocaine and benzoylecgonine in meconium of infants born to mothers suspected of using cocaine during their pregnancy. The assay involves the use of fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) to screen for benzoylecgonine in a methanolic extract of the meconium. The FPIA is sensitiv...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/16.4.261
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00