Abstract:
:The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a method for the detection and quantitation of drugs of abuse in oral fluids. Fortified oral fluid samples (made in-house) and samples from donors collected with Quantasil oral fluid collection kits from Immunalysis were screened on an Olympus 5400 using reagents purchased from Immunalysis. Amphetamines (AMPs), opiates, phencyclidine (PCP), and cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE) in oral fluids were quantitated by an Applied Biosystems 3200 QTRAP liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS-MS). AMPs, opiates, PCP, cocaine, and BE were extracted from samples using liquid-liquid or solid-phase extractions and the extracts were separated on a Shimadzu high-performance liquid chromatograph prior to the MS-MS analysis. For each drug, two multiple reaction mode transitions were monitored using positive electrospray ionization coupled to an MS-MS detector. Corresponding d3, d5, d6, and d11 internal standards were used to quantitate the results. The limit of detection/quantitation for AMPs, opiates, PCP, cocaine, and its metabolite BE were 10, 10, 2, 2, and 2 ng/mL of oral fluid, respectively, on a signal-to-noise ratio > 4. This corresponded to 25, 25, 5, 5, and 5 pg on column. The method was verified by participating in the North America Oral Fluid Proficiency Testing administered by Research Triangle Institute and by analyzing real samples from donors. In conclusion, LC-MS-MS provided a simple way to analyze and quantitate drugs of abuse in oral fluids.
journal_name
J Anal Toxicoljournal_title
Journal of analytical toxicologyauthors
Kala SV,Harris SE,Freijo TD,Gerlich Sdoi
10.1093/jat/32.8.605subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-10-01 00:00:00pages
605-11issue
8eissn
0146-4760issn
1945-2403journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and a one-step derivatization are combined with gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry to simplify a previously reported method for the determination of naltrexone and its metabolite, 6-beta-naltrexol, in human plasma. Deuterated isotopomers of naltrexone and...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/21.4.252
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method for the determination of the antidepressant drug trazodone is presented. 8-Hydroxyloxapine is used as the internal standard. A simple solid-phase extraction procedure utilizing disposable reversed-phase C18 columns is described. Samples are analyzed by gas chromatography with nitrogen-selective detection usin...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/12.3.150
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hop-derived iso-α-acid (IAA) ingredient congeners are specific to beer. Concentrations of IAAs were determined in blood of five volunteers over 6 h following the consumption of small volumes of beer containing relatively high (Pale Ale beer) or low (wheat beer) concentrations of IAAs. IAAs were quickly absorbed with p...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku038
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six separate methods to detect oxidants in urine were developed. The presence of the oxidants was established by initial oxidation of ferrous to ferric ion and detecting the ferric by chromogenic oxidation or complex formation. The reagents for chromogenic oxidation were N,N-dimethylamoino-1,4-phenylenediamine (DMPDA)...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/28.7.599
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decomposed bone and plasma samples of rats exposed to amitriptyline (AMI) and citalopram (CIT) under different dosing patterns were analyzed. Wistar rats received one acute dose (120 mg AMI/kg and 40 mg CIT/kg; n = 5) or two doses (40 mg AMI/kg and 13 mg CIT/kg, n = 5) 40 min apart. After collection of perimortem bloo...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkt078
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive and specific gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of methampthetamine and its metabolites (amphetamine, p-hydroxymethamphetamine, and p-hydroxyamphetamine) in monkey urine. The method has been applied to the analysis of urine samples from monk...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/13.2.117
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrocodone in combination with acetaminophen is commonly used to control moderate pain and is metabolized by cytochrome P4502D6 to form the active metabolite, hydromorphone. The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolic relationship and variability between hydrocodone and its conversion to hydromorphone us...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bks019
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis of benzodiazepine conjugates were systematically examined. Optimal recovery of the free drugs occurs when 1 mL of urine buffered to pH 4.5 is incubated with 5000 U of Helix pomatia beta-glucuronidase at 56 degrees C for 2 h. Urine specimens containing conjugates of temazepam, ox...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/18.7.382
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postmortem redistribution (PMR) constitutes a multifaceted process, which complicates the interpretation of drug concentrations by forensic toxicologists. The present study aimed to apply quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis for modeling PMR data of structurally related drugs, 10 benzodiazepine...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku025
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hair screening method has been developed for the detection of methamphetamine using an immunoassay analyzer (AxSYM) with a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) technique. The method consisted of washing, cutting and digesting a hair sample (5 mg) with an enzymatic digestion solution. The digested hair sample...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkt011
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of the Roche Kinetic Interaction of Microparticles in Solution (KIMS) screening assay for cannabinoid metabolites. Urine specimens (N = 1689) were collected during elimination of cannabinoids from 25 subjects with a history of marijuana use. Specimens were analyzed conc...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/25.7.559
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The misuse of the commonly used chemical diethylene glycol (DEG) has lead to many poisonings worldwide. Methods were developed for analysis of DEG and its potential metabolites; ethylene glycol, glycolic acid, oxalic acid, diglycolic acid and hydroxyethoxy acetic acid in human urine, serum and cerebrospinal fluid samp...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku018
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid, reproducible and sensitive reversed phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the identification and semi-quantitative confirmation of stimulants in urine. The method is capable of separating compounds such as cocaine and metabolites, amphetamines, substituted cathin...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bks091
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We devised a highly sensitive method for simultaneously determining methamphetamine (MA) and amphetamine (AP) enantiomers, desmethylselegiline (DMSG) and selegiline (SG), in human hair using a derivatization technique and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). M...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/30.4.232
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In previous experimental studies on heroin metabolites excretion in urine, the first sample was often collected a few hours after intake. In forensic cases, it is sometimes questioned if a positive urine result is expected e.g., 30 min after intake. The aim of this study was to investigate urinary excretion of heroin ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkx017
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Publications reporting concentrations of caffeine in postmortem blood were reviewed if the cause of death was attributed to overdosing (poisoning) with drugs. Age and gender of the deceased, the manner of death (accident, suicide or undetermined) and types of co-ingested drugs were evaluated in relation to the concent...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jat/bkx011
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an endogenous androgenic steroid produced by the ovaries and adrenal glands. Research suggests that DHEA can be converted to testosterone in peripheral tissues. Classified as a nutritional supplement, this compound may be purchased without a prescription. The military and international...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/22.6.455
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postmortem femoral blood concentrations of the antipsychotic drugs aripiprazole, chlorprothixene and its metabolite, and quetiapine were determined by LC-MS-MS in 25 cases for aripiprazole and 60 cases each for chlorprothixene and quetiapine. For cases where the cause of death was not related to the considered drugs, ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku121
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poisoning with agricultural chemicals is a major threat for wildlife all over the world. We have developed and validated an analytical scheme aimed to the identification and quantification of a wide range of pesticides in fresh liver from wildlife specimens that are routinely delivered to the forensic laboratories for...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku009
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given that external contamination must be considered in hair analysis, there is still a demand for reliable tools to differentiate between incorporation of drugs into the hair as a result of drug consumption and of the hair shaft by external contamination. With the aim of establishing alternative discrimination parame...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkz022
更新日期:2019-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::The popularity of designer drugs has increased over the past few years as users seek new, cheap and sometimes "legal" ways to get high. This case report focuses on a case that happened in the City of Henderson, Nevada, which involved the designer drug methoxetamine. Methoxetamine is a psychoactive compound that is str...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkw054
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In clinical and forensic toxicology, general unknown screening is used to detect and identify exogenous compounds. In this study, we aimed to develop a fast (15 min) comprehensive screening method for 500 toxicologically relevant analytes based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with a quadrupol...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/34.9.571
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Propane can be responsible for several types of lethal intoxication and explosions. Quantifying it would be very helpful to determine in some cases the cause of death. Some gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods of propane measurements do already exist. The main drawback of these GC-MS methods described ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkt098
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caffeine is the most widely consumed drug in the world with coffee representing a major source of intake. Despite widespread availability, various medical conditions necessitate caffeine-restricted diets. Patients on certain prescription medications are advised to discontinue caffeine intake. Such admonition has impli...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/30.8.611
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method that measures 12 analytes in urine and reflects possible exposure to pesticides was developed. The sample preparation involves enzyme hydrolysis and solvent extraction through the use of laboratory robotics, followed by phase-transfer catalysis derivatization and silica cleanup. Samples are analyzed by capill...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/19.5.323
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::3-Fluorophenmetrazine (3-FPM) is a stimulant-like novel psychoactive substance (NPS) and fluorinated analog of phenmetrazine that has recently appeared on the recreational drug market, with limited published information. Likewise, the synthetic opioid U-47700 has gained popularity among recreational drug users and is ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkx060
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative analysis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in oral fluid has gained increasing interest in clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories. New medicinal and/or recreational cannabinoid products require laboratories to distinguish different patterns of cannabinoid use. This study validated a high-performa...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa184
更新日期:2020-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid and sensitive assay for pyridinium oximes in plasma and tissue was developed. The method was suitable for the analysis of mono- and di-pyridinium oximes and utilizes ultrafiltration followed by cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The assay was originally developed for the ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/31.2.69
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A previously reported procedure for quantification of LSD in urine was modified to permit measurement of the drug in plasma. After addition of deuterium-labelled LSD, the plasma is extracted and the extract is treated with trifluoroacetylimidazole to convert the LSD to its N-trifluoroacetyl derivative. The derivatized...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/14.3.189
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the validity of measuring fentanyl concentrations in equine plasma using radioimmunoassay (RIA) by comparing it to the established technique of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Equine plasma samples were analyzed using a solid-phase Coat-A-Count fentanyl RIA and a validated LC-MS m...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/32.9.754
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00