A few considerations in the design and analysis of experiments in neurotoxicology.

abstract：:This study aims to determine whether quercetin elicits a protective effect against the toxicity of chronic exposure to low-level DDVP using metabonomic technology. Rats were randomly assigned into the control, DDVP-treated, quercetin-treated, and quercetin plus DDVP-treated groups. DDVP and quercetin were given to rat...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wang H,Li S,Qi L,Xu W,Zeng Y,Hou Y,Zhao X,Sun C

更新日期：2014-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The U.S. EPA first signalled its intention to use benchmark dose risk techniques in 1991. Subsequently, publication of draft Guidelines for the Risk Assessment of Reproductive Toxicity data indicated the Agency's intention for wide use of the technique. In developmental toxicity experiments, a number of factors need t...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Foster PM,Auton TR

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The oxidation of styrene to styrene oxide and the hydration of this metabolite to styrene glycol was investigated in hepatocytes, 9000 x g supernatant (S9) and the microsomal fraction from rat liver. Similar amounts of free styrene oxide were found in microsomes, hepatocytes and S9. However, on the basis of the format...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Belvedere G,Elovaara E,Vainio H

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmental pollutants, such as dioxin-like (DL) PCBs, benzo(a) pyrene (B[a]P), and flavonoids are aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands and may be excreted in dairy milk. The expression of AHR-target genes, particularly those involved in xenobiotic biotransformation, and their modulation by two DL-PCBs, B[a]P, an...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Girolami F,Spalenza V,Manzini L,Carletti M,Nebbia C

更新日期：2015-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Triptolide (TP) is the main ingredient of Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. (TWHF). Despite of its multifunction in pharmaceutics, accumulating evidences showed that TP caused obvious hepatotoxicity in clinic. The current study investigated the role of Notch1 signaling in TP-induced hepatotoxicity. Our data ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Shen F,Xiong Z,Kong J,Wang L,Cheng Y,Jin J,Huang Z

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood lead concentrations (Pb-B, microgram/100 ml) was measured in children and adults, both sexes, living in and around Liège (control group, n = 859) and in the urban center of Verviers (exposed group, n = 568) where houses with lead piping are supplied with corrosive drinking water. In control children, the mean Pb...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sartor FA,Rondia D

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditional gold mining, using metallic mercury (Hg(0)) to form gold amalgam, followed by burning to remove the Hg(0), is widely used in South America, Africa and Asia. The gold is sold to merchants who burn it again to eliminate remaining Hg(0). In Ecuador, 200 gold miners, 37 gold merchants and 72 referents were stu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Harari R,Harari F,Gerhardsson L,Lundh T,Skerfving S,Strömberg U,Broberg K

更新日期：2012-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neurotoxic potential of the pesticide fipronil (FIP) towards the differentiation of mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells. At concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 μM that were not cytotoxic, as shown by two different cell viability assays, FIP impaired potently after 24h the development ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sidiropoulou E,Sachana M,Flaskos J,Harris W,Hargreaves AJ,Woldehiwet Z

更新日期：2011-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, BZ-3) is a UV absorber that is used extensively in medicine, cosmetics and industry as a sunscreen and color fastener. Exposure to the chemical is through the dermal and oral route. Bioavailability of the chemical absorbed through the skin is different from that seen th...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Okereke CS,Abdel-Rhaman MS,Friedman MA

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and beauvericin (BEA) are secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi, which under appropriate temperature and humidity conditions may develop on various foods and feeds. To date few studies have been performed to evaluate the toxicological and endocrine disrupting effects of FB1 and BEA. The present...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Fernández-Blanco C,Frizzell C,Shannon M,Ruiz MJ,Connolly L

更新日期：2016-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) oxidised sulphydryl groups in glyceraldenyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) with loss of the dehydrogenase activity of the enzyme. 5-Hydroxydopamine behaved similarly at higher concentrations. This oxidation was accompanied by a transient rise in the acyl phosphatase (non-p...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hayes JP,Tipton KF

更新日期：2002-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, the action of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) on the parameters of the cortical and peripheral evoked potentials was investigated in rats in different administration schemes (20 mg/kg i.p. during recording or 24 h before, and 5x 15 mg/kg daily 28 days before recording) to elucidate some neurophysiological ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Szabó A,Papp A,Nagymajtényi L,Vezér T

更新日期：2006-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:A toxicogenomics approach was applied to assess the usefulness of the mouse cytotoxic T cell line CTLL-2 for in vitro immunotoxicity testing. CTLL-2 cells were exposed for 6 h to two model immunotoxic compounds: (1) the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON, 1 and 2 μM), a ribotoxic stress inducer, and (2) the organotin compo...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Schmeits PC,Volger OL,Zandvliet ET,van Loveren H,Peijnenburg AA,Hendriksen PJ

更新日期：2013-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The European Commission has decided on harmonized classifications for a large number of individual chemicals according to its own directive for classification and labeling of dangerous substances. We have compared the harmonized classifications for acute oral toxicity to the acute oral toxicity data available in the R...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Rudén C,Hansson SO

更新日期：2003-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Mouse inbred strains with inherited predisposition and resistance to lung cancer provide an essential tool for the dissection of the genetics of this complex disease. We have previously mapped a major locus (Pulmonary adenoma susceptibility 1, Pas1) affecting inherited predisposition to lung cancer in mice on chromoso...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Manenti G,Nomoto T,De Gregorio L,Gariboldi M,Stefania Falvella F,Nagao M,Dragani TA

更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Due to its ability to avidly accumulate methyl mercury from blood, scalp hair has been widely used as a biological monitor for human exposure. The question arises that hair may also be an important route of elimination of methyl mercury from the body. Taking original publications and reviews on the physiology of hair ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Magos L,Clarkson TW

更新日期：2008-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Dibenz (b,f)-1-4 oxazepine (CR) was applied to the skin of C3H and Porton-strain mice, daily for 12 weeks. After a further 80 weeks the animals were sacrificed and examined grossly and histologically. The results were compared with appropriate solvent and untreated controls. No abnormalities were found that could be a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Marrs TC,Gray MI,Colgrave HF,Gall D

更新日期：1982-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been used in a wide variety of applications and detected in several environmental matrices, including indoor air and dust. Continuous human exposure to these chemicals is of growing concern. In this study, the agonistic and/or antagonistic activities of 12 primary OPFR-met...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kojima H,Takeuchi S,Van den Eede N,Covaci A

更新日期：2016-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Metallothionein (MT) is a low-molecular-weight and sulfur-rich protein that is induced by not only heavy metals but also physiological stresses such as fasting and restraint stresses. Although MT plays a role as a radical scavenger and a regulator of metabolism of metals, the biological function of MT induced by fasti...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kondoh M,Kamada K,Kuronaga M,Higashimoto M,Takiguchi M,Watanabe Y,Sato M

更新日期：2003-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Due to advances in nanotechnology, exposure to particle compounds in the workplace has become unavoidable. Assessment of their toxicity on health is an important occupational safety issue. This study was conducted in mice to investigate the toxicological effects of submicron and nano-iron oxide particles on pulmonary ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ban M,Langonné I,Huguet N,Goutet M

更新日期：2012-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, the effects of exposure to a 900 megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF) on serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and triiodothronine-thyroxin (T3-T4) hormones levels of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Thirty rats were used in three independent groups, 10 of which were control (withou...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Koyu A,Cesur G,Ozguner F,Akdogan M,Mollaoglu H,Ozen S

更新日期：2005-07-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Effective emergency preparedness and response planning are needed to assist responders in making sound decisions under the stressful and confusing conditions accompanying a major accidental release of hazardous materials. One of the most important decisions to be made is the extent and duration of the evacuation of pe...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wiener RK,Shaver DK

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Guinea pigs could be immunologically sensitised (as shown by the development of antigen-specific homocytotropic antibodies) to toluene diisocyanate by exposing them for 3 h a day for 5 consecutive days to atmospheres containing free chemical. Pulmonary reactions could be elicited in many of the sensitised animals by c...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Botham PA,Hext PM,Rattray NJ,Walsh ST,Woodcock DR

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which long-term treatment with clobazam (CLB), 1,5-benzodiazepine, induces thyroid follicular cell tumors in male rats, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated orally with 400 mg/kg of CLB for up to 4 weeks, and the contribution of feedback through elevated thyroid stimulatin...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Miyawaki I,Moriyasu M,Funabashi H,Yasuba M,Matsuoka N

更新日期：2003-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We observed transient excretion of dark-brown urine after acute exposure to cobalt in rats and investigated the mechanism of it. We injected cobalt into rats s.c. at a dose of 15 mg/kg and collected urine, peripheral blood, and organ samples at the indicated times after injection. Biochemical and histopathological exa...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Horiguchi H,Oguma E,Nomoto S,Arao Y,Ikeda K,Kayama F

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Whole-body inhalation exposures to N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) were conducted with male rats (Crl:CD BR) and mice (Crl:CD-1 (ICR)BR). Exposure concentrations were 50, 150, 300 and 500 ppm. The exposure routines consisted of single 1-, 3-, or 6-h exposures and ten 6-h exposures (10 exposure days in 2 weeks). Area unde...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hundley SG,Lieder PH,Valentine R,McCooey KT,Kennedy GL Jr

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Goniothalamin, a styryllactone, has been shown to induce cytotoxicity via apoptosis in several tumor cell lines. In this study, we have examined the potential role of several genes, which were stably transfected into T-cell lines and which regulate apoptosis in different ways, on goniothalamin-induced cell death. Over...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Inayat-Hussain SH,Wong LT,Chan KM,Rajab NF,Din LB,Harun R,Kizilors A,Saxena N,Mourtada-Maarabouni M,Farzaneh F,Williams GT

更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The color additive, amaranth, was given in the diet to provide dietary levels of 0 (control), 0.03, 0.09 and 0.27%, from 5 weeks of age in F0 generation mice to 9 weeks of age in F1 generation mice, and some reproductive, developmental and behavioral parameters were measured. There was no effect on the parameters of l...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Tanaka T

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although fluoride is known to stimulate bone formation, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent studies have implicated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a major signaling cascade in bone biology. Our earlier studies highlighted a probable role of canonical Wnt pathway in bone formation of chronic fluori...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Pan L,Shi X,Liu S,Guo X,Zhao M,Cai R,Sun G

更新日期：2014-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal widespreadly used in industrial field. Prior studies showed that Pb exposure had detrimental effects on osteoblasts. The mechanisms underlying Pb-induced damage are complex. Autophagy can protect cells from various cytotoxic stimuli. In the present study, the aim of our research was to...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lv XH,Zhao DH,Cai SZ,Luo SY,You T,Xu BL,Chen K

更新日期：2015-12-03 00:00:00