Abstract：
:Whole-body inhalation exposures to N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) were conducted with male rats (Crl:CD BR) and mice (Crl:CD-1 (ICR)BR). Exposure concentrations were 50, 150, 300 and 500 ppm. The exposure routines consisted of single 1-, 3-, or 6-h exposures and ten 6-h exposures (10 exposure days in 2 weeks). Area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) values were determined for DMAC and its metabolite N-methylacetamide (NMAC), following 6-h exposures (single exposure or last in a series of 10 exposures). The range of exposures was chosen to assess the exposure-dependent nature of DMAC pharmacokinetics in rats and mice. Plasma profiles indicated mice metabolized DMAC rapidly with plasma half-lives from 0.3 to 0.5 h for DMAC. The DMAC AUC values from mice were underestimated due to the required time (< 30 min) between termination of exposure and the initial blood sample. DMAC plasma half-life in rats ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 h. The AUC values for DMAC in rats increased approximately 5-fold and 3-fold as exposure concentrations increased from 150 to 300 ppm and 300 to 500 ppm, respectively. NMAC persisted in plasma for at least 24 h after the 150, 300 and 500 ppm exposures to rats. NMAC was not detected in plasma from mice beyond the 12-h post-exposure timepoint for the 300 and 500 ppm exposures. Regardless of exposure level, repeated DMAC exposures to both rats and mice resulted in plasma profiles of DMAC and NMAC similar to those from a single exposure. The dose-dependent nature of the DMAC AUC data and the absence of effects of repeated 300 and 500 ppm DMAC exposures supported a toxicity-driven upper limit of 350 ppm for a chronic inhalation study.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Hundley SG,Lieder PH,Valentine R,McCooey KT,Kennedy GL Jrdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(94)90061-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-09-01 00:00:00pages
213-25issue
3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(94)90061-2journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Two-week oral administration of MDL-19,660, a triazole antidepressant compound, resulted in a dose-related thrombocytopenia in rats given 40-360 mg/kg/d and dogs treated with 5-50 mg/kg/d. Consumptive loss of platelets was not apparent since splenomegaly, hemorrhage, microscopic thrombi or prolonged coagulation times ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(91)90098-q
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human epidermal keratinocytes which have been cultured were treated with the heavy metal ions of cadmium, mercury, copper and zinc. Cytotoxicity was measured either by protein estimation or by using the neutral red assay. Antioxidants were added in order to find out whether heavy metal-induced cytotoxicity is related ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)90170-8
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amiodarone is an effective antidysrhythmic agent, restricted in use by the development of pulmonary toxicity. Several in vivo animal models have been used to study amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity. Intratracheal administration of amiodarone to the hamster has been used as a model for the critical amiodarone-induc...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)90073-6
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paraquat poisoning results in damages of multiple organs including liver, kidney and lung, and antioxidants have been proven to have protective effects. As a novel free radical scavenger, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (MCI-186), was introduced to clinical use recently, its protective effect was studied on acute ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00113-9
更新日期：2003-06-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant, presents in low concentrations in the urban air, and in higher concentrations in the working environment. In the present study, male Wistar rats were housed in exposure chambers and treated with 14.00+/-1.53, 28.00+/-2.12 and 56.00+/-4.28 mg/m3 SO2 for 6 h/day for 7 ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.002
更新日期：2005-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies have linked ambient fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm, PM₂.₅) air pollution to increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in the general population, but the biologic mechanisms of these associations are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to evalua...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.05.014
更新日期：2012-07-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The early histologic lesions and sequential changes in the development of mirex-induced cataracts were studied in the offspring of lactating female Sherman rats given oral doses of mirex for 5 consecutive days post partum. The earliest histologic change, seen at neonatal day 7, was slight swelling of the individual co...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(81)90163-6
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Results of health survey and biological monitoring in pesticide formulators exposed to a combination of pesticides, an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide (phorate) and a persistent chlorinated insecticide (technical hexachlorocyclohexane; HCH; BHC) are reported. Exposure of 160 workers to a combination of pesticides (m...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(86)90075-5
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are multiple lines of evidence showing that environmental toxicants including pesticides may contribute to neuronal cell death. Fipronil (FPN) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that acts on insect GABA receptors. Although the action of FPN is restricted to insect neuronal or muscular transmitter systems, a few stu...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.02.022
更新日期：2012-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) is a low-molecular-weight volatile cyclic siloxane, primarily used as an intermediate in the production of some widely-used industrial and consumer silicone based polymers and may be present as a component in a variety of consumer products. A global "harmonized" risk assessment was co...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.05.019
更新日期：2017-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of bisphenol A (BPA) and its halogenated derivatives (halogenated BPAs) to mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α ligand binding domain (mPPARα-LBD) was examined by a combination of in vitro investigation and in silico simulation. Fluorescence polarization (FP) assay showed that halogenated BPA...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.004
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The upregulated α-synuclein (α-syn) and Tau co-occur in methamphetamine (METH) abusers' brains. Here, we designed experiments mainly to investigate whether α-syn and Tau interact in METH exposure. We detected the expression of α-syn, total Tau, and phosphorylation of Tau at Serine 396 (pSer396 Tau) under in vitro and ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.028
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:alpha-Zearalanol (alpha-ZAL), a phytochemical with both antioxidant and estrogen-like properties, has been shown to retard progression of atherosclerosis and regulate cardiovascular function in part through suppression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion. However, the precise nature behind alpha-ZAL-elicited inhibition o...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.05.005
更新日期：2008-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:A group of 20 female albino rats was exposed to mosquito coil smoke, 8 h a day, 6 days per week, for 60 days. An additional group receiving air exposure served as control. The smoke-exposed animals had a lower body weight than the controls. Smoke-induced histopathological lesions, including an inflammation of the trac...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(87)90238-4
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the major side effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics (AG) is ototoxicity. The authors review the literature revealing many controversies on every aspect of this side-effect. Although epidemiological studies have to face the problem of reliable evaluation techniques, the incidence of cochleo- and vestibulotoxic ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(90)90033-i
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rat and canine hepatocyte suspensions were exposed to toxic concentrations of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and ionophore A-23187 in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium (Ca2+) and alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TS). The exogenous administration of alpha-TS (25 microM) completely protected hepatocytes f...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(89)90086-6
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fenitrothion (FNT) is used worldwide in agricultural and public health settings. Spermatogenesis is a toxicological target of FNT under high-dose exposure. Although anti-androgenic action is postulated to be the mechanism associated with this toxicity, few studies have examined histopathology of androgen-dependent mal...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.023
更新日期：2018-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary fibrosis is a serious adverse effect of radiotherapy for thoracic tumor, which is believed to be a process that is tightly regulated by the phenotype of the developing Th response after radiation. Here, we will investigate whether CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) prevent radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis b...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.009
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mycotoxins and heavy metals are ubiquitous in the environment and contaminate many foods. The widespread use of pesticides in crop production to control disease contributes further to the chemical contamination of foods. Thus multiple chemical contaminants threaten the safety of many food commodities; hence the presen...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.07.006
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uncertainty in risk assessment can be reduced by increasing the use of relevant data specific to the particular xenobiotic and exposed organism. We describe the development of a preliminary, mechanism-based exposure response model for chloroform hepatotoxicity consistig of toxicokinetic (TK) and toxicodynamic (TD) sub...
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03528-1
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many xenobiotics and carcinogens are oxidized in vitro by prostaglandin-H synthase (PHS) in the presence of arachidonic acid or lipid peroxides. PHS has been suggested to serve as an alternative metabolic activation enzyme to the cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes, particularly in tissues low in monooxygenase activity. This ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(93)90055-3
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The widespread use of insecticides has amounted to a large scale 'experiment' in natural selection of insects by chemicals of toxicological importance to humans. Specific examples in which the molecular basis of insecticide resistance has been studied in detail are presented here. The biochemical/physiological mechani...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03470-6
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Pseudonaja genus (Brown snakes) is widely distributed across Australia and bites account for significant mortality. Venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC) and, less often, early cardiovascular collapse occur following envenoming by these snakes. We have previously examined possible mechanism(s) behind the e...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.06.235
更新日期：2013-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known as efficient mutagens and ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which has been suggested to play an important role in prostate carcinogenesis. In order to evaluate the complex relationship between the genotoxicity and the AhR-mediated activity of...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.07.011
更新日期：2011-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical epidemiological studies have shown that there is a link between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer, but how PD regulates cancer development remains unknown. In our study, the effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) on hepatoma was explored in a rotenone-induced PD model both in vitro and in vivo....
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.019
更新日期：2018-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) is one of the most effective antitumor agents currently available for cancer chemotherapy. Unfortunately, its clinical use is severely limited by its dose-dependent nephrotoxicity. Recently, it has been reported that this nephrotoxicity is associated with an increase in lip...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(91)90142-s
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little information is available upon the effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the airway barrier. Here we study the barrier function of Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells, grown on permeable filters, after the exposure to commercial single-walled or multi-walled CNT, produced through chemical vapour deposition. To a...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.02.007
更新日期：2008-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Bothrops (lance-head pit vipers) venoms are rich in weaponised metalloprotease enzymes (SVMP). These toxic enzymes are structurally diverse and functionally versatile. Potent coagulotoxicity is particularly important for prey capture (via stroke-induction) and relevant to human clinical cases (due to consumption of cl...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.009
更新日期：2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Female SWR mice were treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH: 6.8 mg/kg i.p. injection) once weekly for up to 10 weeks, a dosing regime that produced tumours principally within the distal colon (Jackson et al., 1999. Carcinogenesis 20, 509-513). O(6)-Methylguanine (O(6)-MeG) levels, measured using a simple [3H]-based ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00193-4
更新日期：2000-06-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with 2,3-dimercaptosuccinnic acid (DMSA) are considered to be a promising nanomaterial with biocompatibility. In the present study, the effects of DMSA-coated Fe(3)O(4) MNPs on the expression of all identified mouse genes, which regulate various cellular biological proces...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.1031
更新日期：2011-08-28 00:00:00
