Abstract：
:Many xenobiotics and carcinogens are oxidized in vitro by prostaglandin-H synthase (PHS) in the presence of arachidonic acid or lipid peroxides. PHS has been suggested to serve as an alternative metabolic activation enzyme to the cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes, particularly in tissues low in monooxygenase activity. This article briefly describes PHS-catalyzed oxidations and reviews methods available for investigating the involvement of PHS in mediating the toxicity of certain chemicals. Since in vivo systems impose certain limitations on such studies, particular emphasis is placed on a specialized cell system which can serve as a model for investigating the PHS-dependent bioactivation of xenobiotics, its determinants and toxicological significance. This is exemplified by experiments conducted with the carcinogenic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) in cell cultures derived from ram seminal vesicles which express PHS but lack monooxygenase activity. DES is oxidized by PHS in seminal vesicle (SEMV) cells and DES can induce micronuclei in this model; both processes are inhibited by indomethacin. These data support the hypothesis that PHS-dependent oxidation of DES plays a role in its genotoxicity.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Degen GHdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(93)90055-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-04-01 00:00:00pages
187-200issue
1-3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(93)90055-3journal_volume
67pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Cadmium (Cd) occurs naturally in the environment and the general population's exposure to it is predominantly through diet. Chronic Cd exposure is a public health concern because Cd is a known carcinogen; it accumulates in the body and causes kidney damage. The National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANE...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.022
更新日期：2010-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Ambient and biological monitoring was undertaken among tobacco processors who are chronically exposed to tobacco particulates via nasopharyngeal and cutaneous routes. Ambient monitoring revealed that the inspirable dust concentration was 150-fold higher in the tobacco factory than in the control environment, and was a...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00097-1
更新日期：1999-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously shown that rituximab has a significant radiosensitizing effect on Raji cells in vitro. To investigate whether calcium signals participate in rituximab- and radiation-induced cell death in Raji cells, confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to detect kinetic changes in intracellular free calcium ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.018
更新日期：2012-03-25 00:00:00
abstract：:New psychoactive substances (NPS) are still an emerging issue in clinical and forensic toxicology. Information about their cytotoxic potential is limited or even unavailable before distribution and thus their intake can be of high risk for consumers. The aim of the presented study was to develop a strategy to identify...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.11.007
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oltipraz (OPZ) is a known inducer of glutathione S-transferases and a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A2. Given the detoxification characteristics of this compound, the transcriptional effects of OPZ, along with the related naturally occurring compounds 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) and sulforaphane (SF...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.06.006
更新日期：2004-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：:P-glycoprotein (Pgp) participates in the export of numerous toxins, drugs, and physiological compounds. To examine the involvement of Pgp in smoke-induced oral cell insult, the effects of extracts of the mainstream tobacco smoke (TS) on Pgp were studied in an oral epidermal carcinoma cell line, OECM-1. TS was first ex...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.12.007
更新日期：2009-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Fluorocarbons containing chlorine or bromine have been associated with stratospheric ozone depletion and the search for suitable alternatives is progressing at an accelerated pace. The Program for Alternative Fluorocarbon Toxicity Testing (PAFT), an international group representing most of the world's CFC producers, h...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(93)90115-e
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-term (20 days) treatment with methyl mercury (MeHg) increases the total number of benzodiazepine binding sites and decreases essentially the content of cyclic GMP in the cerebellar cortex. In contrast, this treatment fails to modify the content of GABA and cyclic AMP, GAD activity and GABA binding sites in the sa...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(83)90066-8
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal which has been shown to be a possible risk factor of atherosclerosis in epidemiological and experimental studies. Since intimal hyperplasia in vascular tissue is an important component of atherosclerosis, we examined the effect of cadmium on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle ce...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00005-8
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The NLRP3 inflammasome, composed of caspase-1, NLRP3 and ASC, plays a critical role in the clearance of microbial pathogens. Here, we found that the treatment of mouse macrophages with the zinc-containing dithiocarbamate ziram, a widely used fungicide in agriculture, caused a decrease in pro-caspase-1 and NLRP3 levels...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.04.012
更新日期：2015-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The skin is an immunologically active tissue. Epidermal cells, both keratinocytes and Langerhans cells (LC), produce constitutively or can be stimulated to produce a variety of cytokines, many of which play important roles in the induction and regulation of allergic responses to sensitizing chemicals. Tumor necrosis f...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03497-8
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hsp90, p23 and other chaperosome proteins are critical for the function of several enzymes and steroid hormone receptors. The dioxin receptor (DR) is an Hsp90-regulated transcription factor that binds numerous toxic ligands, including the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin. We used a yeast m...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00465-9
更新日期：2002-03-24 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of retrospective studies have suggested that choice of anesthetic drugs during surgical tumor resection might affect tumor recurrence/metastasis, or outcome of patients. The recent study showed that volatile anesthetics-based general anesthesia was associated with the worse outcomes than intravenous anestheti...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.12.007
更新日期：2017-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In this work the in vitro reactions of phosphine with intact red blood cells and membrane-free hemoglobin extracts are reported. We demonstrate that phosphine or phosphine derivatives induce dense aggregates of denatured hemoglobin known as 'Heinz bodies' in intact red blood cells. The reaction products include irreve...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(91)90117-o
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Propylene oxide (PO) concentrations >or=300 ppm induced cell proliferation and tumors in rat nasal respiratory epithelium (NRE). Cell proliferation was suggested to result from depletion of glutathione (GSH) in NRE. In order to substantiate this hypothesis, cell proliferation - measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporat...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.009
更新日期：2009-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Regions with heavy industry are in many ways regions of crisis. The health of the population is primarily affected by the different air pollutants. Dust, with all its organic (dioxins and furans) and inorganic (heavy metals) contents, makes up the greatest part of the air-borne pollutants. The influence on health of e...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(96)03731-9
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activity of telomerase, the enzyme that synthesizes the telomere ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes, is repressed in most normal human somatic cells but induced in most human cancers. Normal human cells that lack telomerase activity progressively lose telomere sequences. In contrast, most immortalized cell lines an...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00278-1
更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of linolic acid hydroperoxides (product A) and secondary oxidative products of product A (product B), were examined in an in vivo mid-term test for hepatocarcinogens or hepatopromoters in rats. The number of placental type of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P)-positive foci of the liver was significantly re...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(86)90048-2
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the multitude of new chemicals being synthesized and the paucity of long-term test data on chemicals that could be introduced into the environment, innovative approaches must be developed to determine the health and environmental effects of chemicals. Research was conducted to employ quantitative structure-activi...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03365-r
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Samples of PM(2.5) were gravimetrically collected during the winter 2005/2006 in the urban area of Milan (North Italy). Samples were chemically characterized and the particles were detached from filters to determine their cytotoxic effects on the A549 cell line. Based on the potential toxicological relevance of its co...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.03.003
更新日期：2009-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Enzymatic activities of Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg2+ -ATPase from rat brain synaptic plasma membrane were studied in the absence and presence of EDTA. The aim of the study was to examine the ability of this strong chelator to prevent and recover the CuSO4-induced inhibition. The influence of experimentally added CuSO4 and E...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00144-7
更新日期：1999-10-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Harmonisation of risk assessment (RA) is one of the priorities for sound chemical management set by Chapter 19, Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED) 1992 Earth Summit. The benefits of harmonisation are self evident and include transportability and consistency of RA outc...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00313-0
更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:To characterize the accumulated hazards associated with the inhalation of gases typical of combustion products, a time-integrated value known as the fractional effective dose (FED) is used. This FED is maintained by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and made publicly available as the Standard IS...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.09.012
更新日期：2016-11-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The repeated dose toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a flame retardant, was examined in male and female newborn rats given TBBPA orally at 0, 40, 200, or 600 mg/kg per day for 18 days from 4 days of age until weaning at 21 days of age. Half the rats in each dose group were sacrificed for a full gross necropsy ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.01.001
更新日期：2004-04-21 00:00:00
abstract：:To reduce the production of pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other ethers such as ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) are added to gasoline as oxygenates for more complete combustion. Metabolism of these gasoline ethers is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00389-0
更新日期：1999-03-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethanolamine, a positively charged hydrophilic component of the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) which is also a precursor of phosphatidylcholine (PC), enhances the repair processes 24 h after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication of mouse liver. Ethanolamine quickly reduced aminotransferase activity released in the s...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(97)00112-4
更新日期：1998-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:A single intravenous injection of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide in a dose of 9 mg/kg induced exocrine adenomas of the pancreas in a significantly higher rate in male than in female rats. Castration following HAQO administration diminished the incidence of the pancreatic tumors in male rats. A combined treatment with...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(81)90009-6
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fusarenon-X (FX), a type B trichothecene mycotoxin, is mainly produced by Fusarium crookwellense, which occurs naturally in agricultural commodities, such as wheat and barley. FX has been shown to exert a variety of toxic effects on multiple targets in vitro. However, the embryonic toxicity of FX in vivo remains uncle...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.843
更新日期：2014-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Cigarette smoke (CS) induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been emerging as a great health problem in China. However, lack of appropriate animal model slows down the progress in understanding pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of current study is to establish and evaluate a more adequate rat model...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.850
更新日期：2009-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：:New metabolites of styrene, three isomeric vinylphenylmercapturic acids (2-, 3-, and 4-VPMA), were recently identified by LC-ESI-MS in the urine of mice. In this study, 4-VPMA together with traces of 2- and 3-VPMA were found also in the urine of hand-lamination workers, which were exposed to styrene vapours at concent...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.06.012
更新日期：2012-09-03 00:00:00
