Abstract:
:Fluorocarbons containing chlorine or bromine have been associated with stratospheric ozone depletion and the search for suitable alternatives is progressing at an accelerated pace. The Program for Alternative Fluorocarbon Toxicity Testing (PAFT), an international group representing most of the world's CFC producers, has been conducting comprehensive toxicological evaluations on several possible replacements for current fire-extinguishing agents--1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123), 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 1-fluoro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-134a). Results from short-term experimental studies showing a low order of acute toxicity, as well as results from longer-term toxicity studies on these replacements, will be discussed.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Trochimowicz HJdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(93)90115-esubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-05-01 00:00:00pages
25-30issue
1-2eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(93)90115-Ejournal_volume
68pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is a potent stimulator of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, the immunotoxic action of which remains unclear. We investigated the in vitro effects of SEA on freshly isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes depleted of CD8+ T cells. Proliferation and flow cytometry analysis indicated that SEA ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.10.009
更新日期:2008-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) phosphate is a competitive disinfectant with strong antibacterial activity. However, epidemiologists revealed that inhaled PHMG-phosphate may increase the risk of pulmonary fibrosis associated with inflammation, resulting in the deaths of many people, including infants and pregnant w...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.005
更新日期:2015-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term (20 days) treatment with methyl mercury (MeHg) increases the total number of benzodiazepine binding sites and decreases essentially the content of cyclic GMP in the cerebellar cortex. In contrast, this treatment fails to modify the content of GABA and cyclic AMP, GAD activity and GABA binding sites in the sa...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(83)90066-8
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and depletion of striatal dopamine (DA), leading to a range of motor symptoms, including resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural abnormalities. The neurotoxin (MPTP) and its active metabol...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.003
更新日期:2013-05-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitamin A is widely used in cosmetic preparations. Given that oral Vitamin A and its metabolites present a potential reproductive risk, the present study investigated the effect of topical Vitamin A on human endogenous plasma levels of Vitamin A and its metabolites. METHODS:Two groups of 14 female volunteer...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.09.029
更新日期:2006-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the present study was to identify the polychlorinated biphenyl congeners of Aroclor 1254 that are responsible for the induction of the cytosolic bioactivation of aromatic amines. Various chlorobiphenyls, ranging from di- to hexa-substituted, were administered to rats and the ability of the hepatic cyt...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(97)00042-8
更新日期:1997-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Methylglyoxal (MG) is a metabolite of glucose. The serum MG level is increased in diabetic patients, and MG is implicated in diabetic complications related to embryonic development injury. We previously reported cytotoxic effects of MG on mouse embryonic stem cells and blastocysts, and a further association with defec...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.01.007
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzodiazepines have wide-spread used in pharmacotherapy for their anxiolytic, myorelaxant, hypnotic, amnesic and anticonvulsive properties. Despite benzodiazepines are used in clinics over 50 years, they have not been surprisingly tested for capability to induce major drug-metabolizing cytochromes P450. In the curren...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.01.004
更新日期:2010-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Several in vivo and in vitro studies have assessed methods of evaluating the cardio toxicity of compounds during drug development due to its importance for predicting human toxicity. However, in vivo/in vitro relationships have not yet been reported using a zebrafish model. This study determined the bradycardia of 15 ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.10.018
更新日期:2013-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the transport of two non-metabolizable amino acids, 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and cycloleucine (CL) was studied in chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The herbicide did not exert any direct effect on the AIB transport. However, when the pesticide was in contact with the ce...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(87)90184-6
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simultaneous treatment of rats with ethanol (EtOH) and methylmercury (MeHg) increases the frequency of lesions in the rat kidney. Therefore, it was of interest to us to study the effects of simultaneous treatment of rats with MeHg and EtOH on kidney metallothionein (MT) and mercury residues levels in kidneys of rats m...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(91)90008-t
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ebselen is a seleno-organic compound that causes cell death in several cancer cell types. The mechanisms underlying its deleterious effects have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of ebselen (1 μM-40 μM) on AR42J tumor cells have been examined. Cell viability was studied using AlamarBlue(®) test. Ce...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.07.025
更新日期:2014-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::The cyanobacterial non-proteinogenic amino acid β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) is proposed to be involved in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism dementia complex. When administered as single doses to neonatal rats, BMAA gives rise to cognitive and neurodegenerative impairments in the adult ani...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.015
更新日期:2016-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::In connection with extensive health studies of employees from two big central waste disposal sites, cytogenetic investigations were performed. The subject of these special analyses was to examine whether the complex mixture of pollutants from waste disposal sites comprises a genotoxic hazardous potential. Cytogenetic ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00062-9
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead is a toxic heavy metal with many recognized adverse health side effects. The central nervous system is the main target of lead toxicity. Although many studies on lead toxicity were conducted, the mechanism of lead toxicity remains uncertain. One possible attribution is the immature blood-brain barrier that causes...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.03.009
更新日期:2014-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::There is potential for oral exposure of humans to styrene (ST) such as from migration of residual levels in polystyrene food containers. After absorption, ST is metabolised to styrene-7,8-oxide (SO), an alkylating epoxide. Hence, a comparison of blood burdens of SO resulting from oral exposures to ST was made with SO ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.001
更新日期:2016-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Transgenic rodents that contain easily retrievable target genes allow the rapid quantitation of mutations in any tissue from which DNA can be isolated. We are using the Stratagene Big Blue transgenic mouse system that contains a lacI target and an alpha lacZ reporter gene to study the parameters that affect mutations....
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03472-2
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to high levels of persistent pollutants, such as metal mixtures, is commonly encountered by the general population especially in industrialized countries. The aim of this work was to evaluate how metal pollution in contaminated areas is reflected in terms of biomarkers (BMs) of exposure and effect in human su...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.12.022
更新日期:2020-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mercury, one of the widespread pollutants in the world, induces oxidative stress and dysfunction in many cell types. Alveolar type II epithelial cells are known to be vulnerable to oxidative stress. Alveolar type II epithelial cells produce and secrete surfactants to maintain morphological organization, biophysical fu...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.02.003
更新日期:2010-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the action of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) on the parameters of the cortical and peripheral evoked potentials was investigated in rats in different administration schemes (20 mg/kg i.p. during recording or 24 h before, and 5x 15 mg/kg daily 28 days before recording) to elucidate some neurophysiological ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.07.006
更新日期:2006-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::Many studies have linked ambient fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm, PM₂.₅) air pollution to increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in the general population, but the biologic mechanisms of these associations are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to evalua...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.05.014
更新日期:2012-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Chlordecone is an organochlorine used in the 1970's as a pesticide in banana plantations. It has a long half-life in the soil and can potentially contaminate humans and animals through food. Chlordecone targets, and mainly accumulates in, the liver, leading to hepatomegaly and neurological signs in mammals. Chlordecon...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.09.014
更新日期:2018-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::In order to study the effect of arsenic on DNA damage, Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg) with or without 800 microg of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) by intramammilary injection. The animals were sacrificed on day 1, 3, 5, 10 and 27 and the mammary gland tissues were collected for DNA adduct measurem...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00088-7
更新日期:2002-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanism of PAH mixtures, using granulosa tumour cells, was investigated. Cells were exposed to a mixture of all 16 priority PAHs (M1) or a mixture of five PAHs not classified as human carcinogens (M2). The effect of siAHR, siAHRR and siNFKB2 on the expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, GSTM1, ERα, AR and cell proliferation ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.008
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid, is reported to have inducing activity of hepatic metallothionein (MT) which responsible for the detoxification of heavy metals; however, the mechanism underlying its effects is poorly understood. To further determine the underlying mechanism of UA, this study investiga...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.11.002
更新日期:2005-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Metallothionein (MT) is inducible by various stimuli such as metals and physiological stress. Although elevated MT expression in certain type of tumors has been reported, there are few data available on the roles of MT in tumor formation. In this study, we immunohistochemically examined MT expression in gluthathione S...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00127-7
更新日期:1999-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the cytotoxic effects of formaldehyde (FA) on lymphocytes. FA-exposed mice showed a profound reduction not only in the number of natural killer (NK) cells but also in the expression of NK cell-specific receptors, but these mice did not exhibit decreases in the numbers of T or B lymphocytes. FA exposure...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.09.008
更新日期:2013-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptosis has been described as programmed active cell death. Overexpression of the c-Myc gene has been shown to induce apoptosis in Rat1A/Myc-ER cells when combined with a growth blocking agent. In the present study, we tested whether 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (LNAC) affect apoptotic death in seru...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(96)03816-7
更新日期:1996-12-31 00:00:00
abstract::Previous in vitro studies showed marked species differences in the reactivating efficiency of oximes between human and animal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents. These findings provoked the present in vitro study which was designed to determine the inhibition, aging, spontaneou...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.10.009
更新日期:2011-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neurotoxic potential of the pesticide fipronil (FIP) towards the differentiation of mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells. At concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 μM that were not cytotoxic, as shown by two different cell viability assays, FIP impaired potently after 24h the development ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.12.009
更新日期:2011-02-25 00:00:00