Abstract:
:The widespread use of insecticides has amounted to a large scale 'experiment' in natural selection of insects by chemicals of toxicological importance to humans. Specific examples in which the molecular basis of insecticide resistance has been studied in detail are presented here. The biochemical/physiological mechanisms of resistance can be categorized as target site insensitivity, increased metabolic detoxification and sequestration or lowered availability of the toxicant. These are achieved at the molecular level by: point mutations in the ion channel portion of a GABA receptor subunit (cyclodiene insecticides); point mutations in the vicinity of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) active site (organophosphorus and carbamate insecticide resistance); amplification of esterase genes (organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides); mutations linked genetically to a sodium channel gene (DDT and pyrethroid insecticides); and yet uncharacterized mutations leading to the up-regulation of detoxification enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferases (many classes of insecticides). In several cases, the selection of a precisely homologous mutation has been observed in different insect species.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Feyereisen Rdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(95)03470-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-01 00:00:00pages
83-90eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(95)03470-6journal_volume
82-83pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The dose-response curve obtained in toxicity testing is a mirror image of the susceptibility distribution in the treated population, i.e. it follows increasing tolerance of the individuals to the adverse effects of the chemical under investigation. Defining a dose as a maximum tolerated exposure level, therefore, spli...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00458-1
更新日期:2002-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of flavoglaucin from Aspergillus chevalieri (Mangin) Thom et Church on mitochondrial reactions have been investigated to obtain insight into the mode of actions on biomembranes by means of isolated rat liver mitochondria. It was found that flavoglaucin exhibited a strong uncoupling effect on oxidative phos...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(83)90137-6
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were exposed to 3 or 30 microM stable cadmium (Cd) in the presence or absence of 1.8 or 3.6 mM calcium (Ca). The presence of Ca significantly reduced the efflux of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from cells regardless of Cd concentration or exposure time. During a 3-h time interval, the...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(88)90006-9
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is widely used as a B-lymphocyte mitogen and is known to depress expression of the cytochrome P450 (P450). However, there have been no studies regarding to the effects of the other mitogens on the expression of P450. This study investigated the effects of mitogens on the constitutive and induc...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00351-8
更新日期:1999-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::5-Azactydine inhibits cell growth by direct cytotoxic action as well as by inhibition of DNA methyl transferase enzyme. Inhibitors of DNMT have been reported to potentiate the therapeutic activity of cisplatin in vitro. Dose dependent bone marrow toxicity, neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity are the major side effects of...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.08.018
更新日期:2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Triptolide (TP) is the main ingredient of Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. (TWHF). Despite of its multifunction in pharmaceutics, accumulating evidences showed that TP caused obvious hepatotoxicity in clinic. The current study investigated the role of Notch1 signaling in TP-induced hepatotoxicity. Our data ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.10.024
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused psychostimulant. Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar, which effectively decreases METH-induced neurotoxicity in rat. However, the exact mechanisms need further investigation. In this study, 5-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats received METH (15 mg/kg, 8 intraperitoneal injectio...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.015
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An in vivo micronucleus assay using Balb/C male mice was used to examine antigenotoxic effects of cimetidine (CM) on benzene (BZN) induced genotoxic effects. CM not only has therapeutic and immunomudolatory role, but it has also been shown to protect bone marrow stem cells from radiation induced clastogenic effects. T...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00138-6
更新日期:1998-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::There have been many concerns about the possible adverse effects of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals in the environment. Because thyroid hormones are essential for regulating the growth and differentiation of many tissues, disruption of thyroid hormones during the neonatal period of an organism might lead to perma...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.005
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been a significant evolution in the clinical management of the poisoned patient over the last decade. Interventions that were once the cornerstone of treating the poisoned patient have become passé or have come under intense scrutiny. The advent of evidence-based medicine has forced clinical scientists to re...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00512-4
更新日期:2002-02-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although thousands of different chemicals have been identified in cigarette smoke, the characterization of their urinary metabolites still requires significant research. The aim of this work was to perform an untargeted metabolomic approach to a pilot cross-sectional study conducted on subjects with differen...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.020
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicokinetics is the assessment of systemic exposure in toxicity studies, in which pharmacokinetic data are generated, either as an integral component in the conduct of the nonclinical toxicity studies or in specially designed supportive studies, in order to assess systemic exposure. The data may be used in the inter...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00272-7
更新日期:2001-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::The repeated dose toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a flame retardant, was examined in male and female newborn rats given TBBPA orally at 0, 40, 200, or 600 mg/kg per day for 18 days from 4 days of age until weaning at 21 days of age. Half the rats in each dose group were sacrificed for a full gross necropsy ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.01.001
更新日期:2004-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::The antioxidant activity of genistein is associated with preventing atherosclerosis; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with genistein at different concentrations (10nM, 100nM and 1000nM) for 6h and then exposed to...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.216
更新日期:2017-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Cadmium-binding proteins (CdBPs) in the cytosol fractions from several organs of man orally exposed to cadmium (Cd) were examined by gel chromatography. In kidney and liver most of the cadmium (76-87%) in the cytosols was bound to metallothionein, and hepatic metallothionein contained zinc also at a similar level. The...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(82)90160-6
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzene is a human leukemogen, and a bone marrow toxin and carcinogen in experimental animals. The reactive intermediates involved in benzene toxicity and their mechanism(s) of action have not been clearly delineated. We have investigated the clastogenic and cytotoxic effects of trans,trans-muconaldehyde (MUC), a reac...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00340-x
更新日期:2001-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::O,O,S-Trimethylphosphorothioate (OOS-Me) and O,S,S-trimethylphosphorodithioate (OSS-Me) are impurities in technical grade malathion and related insecticides which have been shown to cause delayed death in rats following a single oral dose of 40-60 mg/kg. In connection with studies on the mode of action of these compou...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(89)90085-4
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single doses of primaquine did not produce methemoglobinemia in beagle bitches. Repeated daily administration for 12 days produced a gradually rising level of methemoglobin over that time period, unaccompanied by depletion of erythrocytic reduced glutathione. Primaquine was mutagenic in the Ames test in Salmonella typ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(87)90197-4
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prenatal stress is known to affect the development of the brain, and exaggerate the developmental toxicity of chemicals. Many studies of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) use pregnant rodents mated at the supplier, which consequently suffer from the stress of shipping and of environmental changes. Here, we demonstrate...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.08.006
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent epidemiological studies in the United States and in Europe indicate, that the coarse fraction (PM-10) of airborne particulates, smaller than 10 microm and particularly the fine fraction (PM-2.5) smaller than 2.5 microm are responsible for adverse health effects, causing an increasing morbidity and mortality. Fu...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00075-7
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies have reported that humans have detectable levels of not only bisphenol A (BPA), but also its halogenated derivatives tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), in the serum. Our previous study showed that BPA promotes ovarian cancer progression by directly inducing cell p...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.01.006
更新日期:2017-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo administration of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) produced much higher hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induction than 7,8-benzoflavone (7,8-BF) in both aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah)-responsive and nonresponsive strains of mice. Simultaneous treatment o...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(93)90095-f
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of genetic polymorphisms responsible for reduced DNA repair capacity may allow better cancer prevention. We examined whether variations in genes involved in base-excision (hOGG1, XRCC1) and double strand break (XRCC3) DNA repair contribute to inter-individual differences in genotoxic effects induced in ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.12.002
更新日期:2005-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Oral intubation of 50 and 100 mg/kg acephate inhibited brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 45% and 56%, and reduced basal luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration by 29% and 25% after 4 h in white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis). Dietary exposure to 25, 100, and 400 ppm acephate for 5 days sub...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(85)90141-9
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::7-Methyldeoxyguanosine (7-medG) may be a useful marker of human exposure to methylating agents at the individual level. Methods of detection, including 32P-postlabeling, HPLC with electrochemical or fluorescence detection, and immunoassays, are critically summarized. These methods have been applied to the analysis of ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90026-4
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The environmental neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is not an amino acid that is normally found in proteins. Our previous autoradiographic study of (3)H-labeled BMAA in adult mice unexpectedly revealed a tissue distribution similar to that of protein amino acids. The aim of this study was to characterize the...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.027
更新日期:2014-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::Women over 50 years of age in 32 cadmium(Cd)-polluted and 16 nonpolluted hamlets were studied. Itai-itai disease patients and proteinuria with glucosuria were used as indices of the effect of Cd on health. Unpolished rice samples were collected from 568 households in the same area and analyzed for Cd. The hamlet's ave...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(83)90236-9
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to fibrosis during silicosis. Zinc finger CCCH-type containing 4 protein (ZC3H4) is a novel CCCH-type zinc finger protein that activates inflammation in pulmonary macrophages during silicosis. However, whether ZC3H4 is involved in EMT during silicosi...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.02.014
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicity of benz (e) acephenanthrylene (BeA) has been studied earlier with regard to the carcinogenicity of its metabolites, but its phototogenotoxicity is not well understood. Present study aimed to analyze the photodynamic response of BeA in human skin cell line (A375) under ambient environmental intensity of UV...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.08.023
更新日期:2010-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Fusarenon-X (FX), a type B trichothecene mycotoxin, is mainly produced by Fusarium crookwellense, which occurs naturally in agricultural commodities, such as wheat and barley. FX has been shown to exert a variety of toxic effects on multiple targets in vitro. However, the embryonic toxicity of FX in vivo remains uncle...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.843
更新日期:2014-08-17 00:00:00