Abstract：
:The U.S. EPA first signalled its intention to use benchmark dose risk techniques in 1991. Subsequently, publication of draft Guidelines for the Risk Assessment of Reproductive Toxicity data indicated the Agency's intention for wide use of the technique. In developmental toxicity experiments, a number of factors need to be considered before attempting benchmark dose calculations, as compared to the conventional NOAEL approach. For example, care in the assessment of potential litter effects (the litter is the unit of such a study) on the data and whether the data are continuous (e.g. foetal body weight) or discontinuous (e.g. specific or grouped developmental defects where the abnormality is present or absent). Two examples of the use of the benchmark dose approach will be made. First, in the analysis of foetal body weight, where a benchmark dose estimate for an agent producing a 5% decrease in mean foetal weight may be calculated from a shift in the distribution of foetal weights between groups, or by conversion of data to reflect changes in the incidence of 'small' pups (i.e. those towards the extreme of the normal range). The second example involves studies conducted on the developmental toxicity of a triazole antifungal. In the first study, the agent was clearly teratogenic, but a NOAEL was not established and thus necessitated a second study. Analysis of benchmark does estimates (e.g. for % foetuses malformed) from the first study indicated that these were not significantly changed when the data from the second study were combined (i.e. the second study did not aid the risk assessment). The benchmark dose approach has significant scientific and practical advantages over the conventional NOAEL methodology in risk assessments derived from developmental toxicity studies.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Foster PM,Auton TRdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(95)03584-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-01 00:00:00pages
555-9eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(95)03584-2journal_volume
82-83pub_type
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更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00
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更新日期：2012-07-07 00:00:00
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更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2004-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Dioxins are a class of extremely toxic environmentally persistent pollutant, comprised of halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls. Despite significant human exposure via multiple routes, very little is known about toxicity induced by dibenzofuran (DF). Current study shed lights on the potential toxi...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
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更新日期：2012-10-17 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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