Abstract:
:The oxidation of styrene to styrene oxide and the hydration of this metabolite to styrene glycol was investigated in hepatocytes, 9000 x g supernatant (S9) and the microsomal fraction from rat liver. Similar amounts of free styrene oxide were found in microsomes, hepatocytes and S9. However, on the basis of the formation of styrene glycol and the depletion of glutathione (GSH), it appeared that hepatocytes were the most active system in the metabolism of styrene, followed by S9 and microsomes.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Belvedere G,Elovaara E,Vainio Hdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(84)90120-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-11-01 00:00:00pages
157-62issue
2eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(84)90120-6journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The acute toxicity of organothiophosphate insecticides like parathion results from their metabolic activation by cytochromes P450. The present study is directed towards the characterization of cytochrome-P450-dependent metabolism of parathion by various mouse brain regions. Intraperitoneal administration of [35S]parat...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(92)90044-k
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen mustard (HN-2), also known as mechlorethamine, is an alkylating anticancer agent as well as blister inducing chemical warfare agent. We evaluated the cytoprotective efficacy of amifostine, DRDE-07 and their analogues, and other antidotes of mustard agents against HN-2. Administration of 1 LD(50) of HN-2 (20mg...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.015
更新日期:2009-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicogenomics describes the measurement of global gene expression changes in biological samples exposed to toxicants. This new technology promises to greatly facilitate research into toxicant mechanisms, with the possibility of assisting in the detection of compounds with the potential to cause adverse health effects...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00500-3
更新日期:2003-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::Iron is a unique poison because it is not a xenobiotic. It is an essential element and highly reactive. Because of the critical dependence upon iron and its potential to damage tissues, elaborate mechanisms have evolved for its efficient absorption, transport, cellular uptake, storage and conservation. These are incom...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00279-3
更新日期:1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::Melamine (MA) exposure causes male reproductive toxicity, however, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in MA-induced reproductive toxicity in piglets. Male weaned piglets were exposed to MA concentrations of 0, 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg in the diet f...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.019
更新日期:2018-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Considering of novel biochemical modulation by some foods and beverages, we have performed screening for green tea components that have enhancing effects on doxorubicin (DOX) induced antitumor activity. Components, such as caffeine, theanine, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and flavonoids have inhibitory effects o...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00290-8
更新日期:2000-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::Protein S-glutathionation has been demonstrated to be one of the cellular responses under oxidative stress and may be involved in many cellular metabolisms. In this study, the effect of redox cycling bipyridylium compounds, paraquat and diquat, on this protein modification was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats we...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03621-0
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, interesterified fat (IF) has been used to replace hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF), rich in trans isomers, being found in processed foods. Studies involving IF have shown deleterious influences on the metabolic system, similarly to HVF, whereas no studies regarding its influence on the central nervous...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.05.020
更新日期:2017-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical study showed that smoking during pregnancy deceased the thymus size in newborns. However, the long-term effect remains unclear. This study was aimed to observe the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) on the development of thymus and the T-lymphocyte subpopulation in mice offspring from the neonatal to...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.12.015
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Female SWR mice were treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH: 6.8 mg/kg i.p. injection) once weekly for up to 10 weeks, a dosing regime that produced tumours principally within the distal colon (Jackson et al., 1999. Carcinogenesis 20, 509-513). O(6)-Methylguanine (O(6)-MeG) levels, measured using a simple [3H]-based ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00193-4
更新日期:2000-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) plays a crucial role in the cellular defense against oxidative/electrophilic stress by up-regulating multiple antioxidant genes. Numerous studies with genetically modified animals have demonstrated that Nrf2 is a sensitivity determining factor upon the exposure to env...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.026
更新日期:2013-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::This study tested a hypothesis that soybean lipoxygenase (SLO), a model enzyme, may be capable of generating a glutathione (GSH) conjugate(s) from p-aminophenol (PAP). Horseradish peroxidase was employed as a positive control. GSH depletion or an increase in the absorption at 327 nm with time due to GS-PAP formation w...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00188-5
更新日期:2000-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Cadmium (Cd), which accumulates primarily in the liver and the kidney, induces apoptosis and also causes necrotic cell death in certain pathophysiologic situations. Previously, we have shown that Cd activated mitogen-activated protein kinases and that sulfur amino acid deficiency potentiated Cd-induced cytotoxicity vi...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00233-9
更新日期:2003-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to chemicals released during urban waste disposal and treatment is increasingly regarded as a potential occupational health issue. Indeed, several toxic metals emitted by an incinerator, including As, Be, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Hg, Ni and V, have potentially toxic properties and their exposure, therefore, may be of ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.021
更新日期:2017-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo experiments are still widely used for the testing of lung toxicity but there is an ethical and legal obligation to replace, reduce and refine animal testing. Lung A549 cells could serve as an in vitro indicator for acute lung toxicity but little data about the correlation of the cytotoxicity in A549 cells and ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.014
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with 2,3-dimercaptosuccinnic acid (DMSA) are considered to be a promising nanomaterial with biocompatibility. In the present study, the effects of DMSA-coated Fe(3)O(4) MNPs on the expression of all identified mouse genes, which regulate various cellular biological proces...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.1031
更新日期:2011-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Several pesticides used as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides are known to be endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In three pair-matched studies we found changes in sex hormone concentrations and T-lymphocytes in relation to acute and chronic pesticide exposure. After acute exposure, 1 day later the concentrati...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00051-x
更新日期:1999-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Plant protection products have to be evaluated and authorized in the EC-Member States since 1993 in accordance with Directive 91/414/EEC. The programme for evaluating existing active substances (which were on the market before July 1993) involves several steps and stages, stretching over a period of up to formerly 10,...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.053
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important group of environmental pollutants, known for their mutagenic and carcinogenic activities. Many PAHs are aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands and several recent studies have suggested that PAHs or their metabolites may activate estrogen receptors (ER). The pre...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.862
更新日期:2008-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Monitoring of human exposure to persistent organic pollutants POPs and heavy metals have taken place since 1994 in a circumpolar study conducted under the Arctic monitoring and assessment programme (AMAP). The study has confirmed that Arctic populations relying on marine food (Inuit) have an exposure level of POPs and...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00203-9
更新日期:2000-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::E-64d (a calpain and autophagy inhibitor) has previously been shown safe for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in humans. In the present study, the potential protective mechanism of E-64d on hippocampal aberrant mossy fiber sprouting was examined in a developmental rat model of penicillin-induced recurrent epilepti...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.010
更新日期:2013-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation is one of the factors that may increase the sensitivity of hepatic cells to acetaminophen (APAP) induced toxicity. To investigate the mechanisms, we exposed 3-dimensional (3D) Human Liver Microtissues, a co-culture of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and Kupffer cells (KCs), to 0, 0.5 (low), 5 (median) and...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.004
更新日期:2019-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Potentiality of a protective effect of methionine against hepatotoxic action of vinyl chloride (VC) was assessed on rats, induced with phenobarbital and thereafter exposed to 50 000 ppm VC for 5 h. This extremely high dosage of VC warranted the appearance of drastic symptoms of liver injury in the course of 20 h poste...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(81)90043-6
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using equimolar quantities of 2 chemical allergens, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), noted for its ability to cause respiratory hypersensitivity, and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), noted for its dermal sensitizing activity, the mouse was evaluated as a possible model to indicate respiratory hypersensitivity. A previously pub...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)03234-x
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risk assessment of xenobiotics is a qualitative and quantitative assessment of toxic properties conventionally based on data resulting from tests in animals exposed to the substance. The assessment of dose-effect relationship includes evaluation of exposure at the site of action. More recently, emphasis is put on unde...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00291-0
更新日期:2001-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies in this laboratory have demonstrated that the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine and related drugs can offer significant protection against both the acute and chronic toxicity to soman administration in rats and mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether addition of clonidine to a stan...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(90)90042-k
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stoichiometric conversion of methyl acetate to methanol in vitro was detected when methyl acetate was incubated with blood for 2 to 8 h. The velocity of the reaction was so fast that almost all of methyl acetate disappeared in 8 h. The methanol formation was further confirmed by means of gas-chromatography-mass spectr...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(92)90028-i
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cigarette smoking is the strongest risk factor for lung cancer (LC), but genetically determined variations in pulmonary metabolism of tobacco-derived carcinogens may affect individual risk. Results from a case-control study on LC patients demonstrated the pronounced effect of tobacco smoke on pulmonary xenobiotic meta...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(92)90222-6
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid, is reported to have inducing activity of hepatic metallothionein (MT) which responsible for the detoxification of heavy metals; however, the mechanism underlying its effects is poorly understood. To further determine the underlying mechanism of UA, this study investiga...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.11.002
更新日期:2005-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has found frequent application in risk assessments where PBPK models serve as important adjuncts to studies on modes of action of xenobiotics. In this regard, studies on mode of action provide insight into both the sites/mechanisms of action and the...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00375-2
更新日期:2003-02-18 00:00:00