Abstract：
:Plant protection products have to be evaluated and authorized in the EC-Member States since 1993 in accordance with Directive 91/414/EEC. The programme for evaluating existing active substances (which were on the market before July 1993) involves several steps and stages, stretching over a period of up to formerly 10, and now 15 years. The programme is co-ordinated by the European Commission, with the assistance of the European Community Co-Ordination (ECCO)-Team since 1996. The ECCO-Team consists of two groups; one is situated at the Pesticides Safety Directorate in York (United Kingdom) and the other at the Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit-BVL (Federal Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety) in Braunschweig (Germany). They provide technical and administrative support to the programme for the evaluation of active substances on behalf of the European Commission, and are responsible for the ECCO peer review programme in particular. The programme has been extremely successful, with over 160 active substances having been peer reviewed, facilitating over 100 decisions on the acceptability of those actives at Community level.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Flynn DJ,Lundehn JRdoi
10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.053keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-04-01 00:00:00pages
421-7issue
1-3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
S037842740300523Xjournal_volume
149pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Cadmium (Cd) has been reported to induce hypertension in both humans and animals; however, its mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. Vascular tone is one of the factors contributing to hypertension. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Cd exposure on vascular muscarinic receptor responses to ace...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.11.002
更新日期：2008-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Chlordecone is an organochlorine used in the 1970's as a pesticide in banana plantations. It has a long half-life in the soil and can potentially contaminate humans and animals through food. Chlordecone targets, and mainly accumulates in, the liver, leading to hepatomegaly and neurological signs in mammals. Chlordecon...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.09.014
更新日期：2018-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Determine uptake of furan, a potential human carcinogen, in waterpipe tobacco (WPT) smokers in home settings. METHODS:We analysed data from a US convenience sample of 50 exclusive WPT smokers, mean age 25.3 years, and 25 non-smokers, mean age 25.5 years. For WPT smokers, data were collected at a home visit ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.002
更新日期：2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of methamphetamine cotreatment on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity was examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Concurrent administration of methamphetamine was found to greatly increase the extent of liver injury resulting from carbon tetrachloride treatment, as indicated both by measurement of ser...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)03197-5
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The capacity of the trichothecene T-2 toxin to alter resistance to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined in the mouse. Both LPS-susceptible (C3H/HeN) and LPS-resistant (C3H/HeJ) mouse strains exhibited markedly enhanced mortality when a single oral dose of T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg) was coadministered with a subacu...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90146-4
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of efficacious and safe new human pharmaceuticals continues to be highly dependent on well-designed and carefully executed animal toxicology studies. Although the protocols of most toxicology studies now conform to a standard format, careful selection of the most appropriate and relevant laboratory spe...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00263-x
更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:A comparative evaluation of urinary biomarkers was carried out to characterize benzene exposure in a group of 100 traffic policemen of the city of Parma (Italy). All subjects were monitored once, in two consecutive days characterized by similar climatic conditions but preceded by two windy days. Benzene ambient concen...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.865
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to compare the pulmonary cellular proliferative effects of inhaled, size-separated preparations of chrysotile asbestos fibres with similar aerosol fibre concentrations of para-aramid fibrils. Following fibre preparation, rats were exposed for 2 weeks to aerosols of p-aramid fibrils or chrysotil...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(96)03751-4
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:EDTA, 1,2-cyclohexylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (CDTA), hexamethylene 1,6-diamine N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid (HDTA), diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) were examined for the removal of manganese-54(54Mn) from some organs of sham-operated and partially hepatectomized rats in e...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(84)90037-7
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methoxetamine is one of the constantly growing group of novel psychoactive substances that has emerged in recent years. The compound belongs to the arylcyclohexylamine class, which is used for its recreational and psychedelic effects. Methoxetamine is a structural analogue of ketamine, with a much longer duration of a...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.08.011
更新日期：2014-11-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The modern environmental awareness leads to the realisation that the human metabolism is stressed by a huge number of chemical substances. Generally, these background exposures, consisting predominantly from natural and partly from industrial as well as life style sources, are tolerated without any adverse effects. Pe...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00040-5
更新日期：1999-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The exposure to cuprizone (CPZ) leads to demyelination in the central nervous system in rodents. To examine the developmental effects of CPZ exposure on hippocampal neurogenesis, pregnant rats were treated with 0, 0.1 or 0.4% CPZ in the diet from gestational day 6 to day 21 after delivery. On postnatal day 21, male of...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.022
更新日期：2015-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitrogen mustard (HN-2), also known as mechlorethamine, is an alkylating anticancer agent as well as blister inducing chemical warfare agent. We evaluated the cytoprotective efficacy of amifostine, DRDE-07 and their analogues, and other antidotes of mustard agents against HN-2. Administration of 1 LD(50) of HN-2 (20mg...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.015
更新日期：2009-08-10 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has found frequent application in risk assessments where PBPK models serve as important adjuncts to studies on modes of action of xenobiotics. In this regard, studies on mode of action provide insight into both the sites/mechanisms of action and the...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00375-2
更新日期：2003-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of retrospective studies have suggested that choice of anesthetic drugs during surgical tumor resection might affect tumor recurrence/metastasis, or outcome of patients. The recent study showed that volatile anesthetics-based general anesthesia was associated with the worse outcomes than intravenous anestheti...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.12.007
更新日期：2017-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyanotoxins are now recognised by international and national health and environment agencies as significant health hazards. These toxins, and the cells which produce them, are also vulnerable to exploitation for illegitimate purposes. Cyanotoxins are increasingly being subjected to national and international guideline...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.01.011
更新日期：2006-05-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Hydrochlorofluorocarbon 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123), a close structural analogue of the hepatotoxic anaesthetic halotane and a replacement for some ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons, is metabolized by liver cytochrome P450 (P450), both in vitro and in vivo. P450 activates HCFC-123, both oxidatively...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00232-7
更新日期：2003-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Stable and specific biomacromolecular adducts can be used to measure in vivo doses of reactive compounds. An LC/MS-MS method to measure adducts from the benzo[a]pyrene (BP) metabolite (±)-anti-BP-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide ((±)-anti-BPDE) to His(146) in serum albumin (SA), earlier evaluated on in vitro alkylated human SA, ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.09.019
更新日期：2015-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:alpha-Zearalanol (alpha-ZAL), a phytochemical with both antioxidant and estrogen-like properties, has been shown to retard progression of atherosclerosis and regulate cardiovascular function in part through suppression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion. However, the precise nature behind alpha-ZAL-elicited inhibition o...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.05.005
更新日期：2008-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The carcinogenicity of dichloromethane (DCM) has been demonstrated by mutagenicity studies using bacteria and yeasts and using animal bioassays. Epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to DCM increases the incidences of liver and pancreas cancers. In the present study, we determine whether DCM generates DNA dam...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.09.002
更新日期：2010-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were exposed to 3 or 30 microM stable cadmium (Cd) in the presence or absence of 1.8 or 3.6 mM calcium (Ca). The presence of Ca significantly reduced the efflux of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from cells regardless of Cd concentration or exposure time. During a 3-h time interval, the...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90006-9
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is accumulating evidence that both type I and type II DNA-topoisomerases play a key role in cellular differentiation. Human HL-60 leukemia cells can be induced to monocytic or granulocytic differentiation with various compounds; amongst them camptothecin, a topoisomerase I inhibitor and VP-16, VM-26 and mitoxant...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(93)90066-7
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has reported that many environmental compounds may display estrogenic actions and these findings led to researchers to associate breast cancer risk with the use of some pesticides. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on cell proliferation and the ERα-dependence of this action em...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.06.017
更新日期：2012-09-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Policosanol is a natural mixture of higher aliphatic primary alcohols. Oral toxicity of policosanol was evaluated in a 12-month study in which doses from 0.5 to 500 mg/kg were given orally to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (20/sex/group) daily. There was no treatment-related toxicity. Thus, effects on body weight gain, food...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)90147-3
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Syrian golden hamsters are much more susceptible than Wistar rats to the induction of tracheal tumors by benzo(a)pyrene (BP). In order to investigate whether this difference is reflected in the pattern of DNA-adduct induction and removal, tracheas from either species were isolated and exposed to BP (5 micrograms/ml) i...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)90016-7
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A single intravenous injection of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide in a dose of 9 mg/kg induced exocrine adenomas of the pancreas in a significantly higher rate in male than in female rats. Castration following HAQO administration diminished the incidence of the pancreatic tumors in male rats. A combined treatment with...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(81)90009-6
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dioxins are a class of extremely toxic environmentally persistent pollutant, comprised of halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls. Despite significant human exposure via multiple routes, very little is known about toxicity induced by dibenzofuran (DF). Current study shed lights on the potential toxi...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.08.014
更新日期：2012-10-17 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously reported that NR2E3, an orphan nuclear receptor, plays an important role in maintaining the basal expression of estrogen receptor α (ER) and that the NR2E3 level is highly correlated with the relapse-free survival of breast cancer patients. Here, we investigated the role of NR2E3 in benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.06.1708
更新日期：2015-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:BH3 mimetics, such as BH3I-1, act as Bcl-2 antagonists, promote apoptosis and are used in basic research studies on apoptotic signaling and are currently tested as experimental anti-tumor agents. The present study addresses time- and dose-dependent responses of BH3I-1 on apoptosis, cellular stress defense mediated by ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.017
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contaminants that are ubiquitously found in the environment, produced through combustion of organic matter or petrochemicals, and many of which are procarcinogens. The prototypic PAH, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and the highly carcinogenic dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC) are metabol...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.01.008
更新日期：2017-03-05 00:00:00
