Abstract:
PURPOSE:Essential fatty acids are critical for brain growth and neurodevelopment in infancy. Maternal diet and supplement use have a significant impact on the fat composition of human milk. The objective of this study is to assess supplement utilization patterns and fatty acid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in the breast milk of women following vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore diet patterns. METHODS:This is a cross-sectional, observational study of 74 lactating women in the United States following a vegan (n = 26), vegetarian (n = 22), or omnivore (n = 26) diet pattern. A single breast milk sample was collected from each participant and assessed for fatty acids and BDNF. RESULTS:Median unsaturated fatty acids in the breast milk of vegan, vegetarian, and omnivores, as a percentage of total fatty acids, was 66.0, 57.8, and 56.2%, respectively (p < 0.001). Total omega-3 percentages were 2.29% for vegans, 1.55% for vegetarians, and 1.46% for omnivores (p < 0.001). Docosahexaenoic acid percentages were not different by diet pattern, but over 80% of participants had milk concentrations below 0.30% of total fatty acids. Reports of omega-3 supplements use (10/74) and weekly seafood consumption (3/74) were limited. BDNF was not detectable in any samples. CONCLUSIONS:Breast milk from vegans had significantly higher unsaturated fat and total omega-3 fats, and lower saturated fats, trans fats, and omega-6 to omega-3 ratios than their vegetarian and omnivore counterparts. Docosahexaenoic acid concentrations in breast milk were low regardless of maternal diet pattern, and were reflective of low seafood intake and supplement use.
journal_name
Eur J Nutrjournal_title
European journal of nutritionauthors
Perrin MT,Pawlak R,Dean LL,Christis A,Friend Ldoi
10.1007/s00394-018-1793-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-09-01 00:00:00pages
2401-2410issue
6eissn
1436-6207issn
1436-6215pii
10.1007/s00394-018-1793-zjournal_volume
58pub_type
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
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abstract:BACKGROUND:While naturally occurring inulin has anti-hyperlipidemic effects in animals and humans, health effects of synthetic inulin with different degrees of fructose polymerization remain poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY:Our study aimed at distinguishing health effects of synthetic inulin with different degrees ...
journal_title:European journal of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Extensive exercise may promote the formation of reactive oxygen species and subsequently contribute to tissue damage. A compound which can protect cells and tissues is vitamin E. The vitamin E radical, formed during the radical scavenging process, can be reduced by vitamin C resulting in a higher level of th...
journal_title:European journal of nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
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更新日期:2020-07-29 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
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更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2021-01-02 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00