Abstract:
:We examined modulation of transmission in short-latency, distal hindlimb cutaneous reflex pathways during fictive locomotion in 19 decerebrate cats. Fictive stepping was produced either by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) or by administration of Nialamide and 1-DOPA to acutely spinalized animals. Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) produced by electrical stimulation of low threshold afferents (less than 2.5 times threshold) in the superficial peroneal (SP), sural, saphenous or medial plantar nerves were recorded intracellularly from various extensor (n = 28) and flexor (n = 24) motoneurons and averaged throughout the step cycle, together with voltage responses to intrasomatic constant current pulses (in order to monitor relative cell input resistance). Each motoneuron studied displayed rhythmic background oscillations in membrane potential and correlated variations in input resistance. The average input resistance of extensor motoneurons was lowest during mid-flexion, when the cells were relatively hyperpolarized and silent. Conversely, average input resistance of flexor motoneurons was highest during mid-flexion, when they were depolarized and active. The amplitude of the minimum-latency excitatory components of PSPs produced by cutaneous nerve stimulation were measured from computer averaged records representing six subdivisions of the fictive step cycle. Oligosynaptic EPSP components were consistently modulated only in the superficial peroneal responses in flexor motoneurons, which exhibited enhanced amplitude during the flexion phase. With the other skin nerves tested (sural, saphenous, and plantar), no consistent patterns of modulation were observed during fictive locomotion. We conclude that transmission through some, but not all, oligosynaptic excitatory cutaneous pathways is enhanced by premotoneuronal mechanisms during the flexion phase of fictive stepping in several cat hindlimb motor nuclei. The present results suggest that the patterns of interaction between the locomotor central pattern generator and excitatory cutaneous reflex pathways depend on the source of afferent input and on the identity of the target motoneuron population.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Schmidt BJ,Meyers DE,Tokuriki M,Burke REdoi
10.1007/BF00250567subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-01-01 00:00:00pages
57-68issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We recently demonstrated the existence of neurogenesis in the striatum of adult monkeys, but the number of striatal neurons generated under normal conditions was too small to establish their chemical phenotype. We therefore used brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which promotes neuronal differentiation and surv...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0233-5
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Joint stiffness measurements during small transient perturbations have suggested that stiffness during movement is different from that observed during posture. These observations are problematic for theories like the classical equilibrium point hypothesis, which suggest that desired trajectories during movement are en...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210000598
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interneurons of rat motor cortex in vivo and of rat hippocampal slices were studied during penicillin-induced epileptic discharges. Synchronous with pyramidal cells, they showed transient depolarizations similar to paroxysmal depolarization shifts in pyramidal cells. The transient depolarizations were followed by hype...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00229848
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the effect of the smoothness of motion on vection strength. The smoothness of stimulus motion was modulated by varying the number of frames comprising the movement. In this study, a horizontal grating translated through 360° of phase in 1 s divided into steps of 3, 4, 6, 12, 20, 30, or 60 frames. We hypoth...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-017-5122-1
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visual responses of postarcuate neurons have been studied in alert behaving monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). In particular, the effect of eye position on the location of visual responses in respect to the body has been examined. It was found that a large percentage of bimodal (visual and somatosensory) neurons have vi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00239214
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cerebellar projection from the facial and motor trigeminal nuclei was studied in the cat by means of retrograde axonal transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase and fluorescent tracers. The feline facial nucleus was cytoarchitectonically subdivided into ventromedial, ventrolateral, lateral, dorsal,...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00247935
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the frog's isolated head preparations, spontaneous activity was recorded from the whole nerve of the left horizontal semicircular canal (HC) for 6 min before and 16 min after destruction of the right labyrinth by heating or administration of d-tubocurarine (0.5 microliter, 5.10(-6)M) into the perilymph of the right...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00235790
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hand, one of the most versatile but mechanically redundant parts of the human body, suffers more and longer than other body parts after stroke. One of the rehabilitation paradigms, task-oriented rehabilitation, encourages motor repeatability, the ability to produce similar motor performance over repetitions throug...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-017-5074-5
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The latency of eye movements is influenced by the fixation task; when the fixation stimulus is switched off before the target presentation (gap paradigm) the latency becomes short and express movements occur. In contrast, when the fixation stimulus remains on when the target appears (overlap paradigm), eye movement la...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-005-2214-0
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spatial and temporal coupling between the hands is known to be very robust during movements which use homologous muscles (in-phase or symmetric movements). In contrast, movements using nonhomologous muscles (antiphase or asymmetric movements) are less stable and exhibit a tendency to undergo a phase transition to ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1496-3
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal activity was studied in the primary (M1), supplementary (M2), dorsal premotor (PMd), and ventral premotor (PMv) cortex of awake, behaving rhesus monkeys. The animals performed forelimb movements to three targets, each approached by three different types of trajectories. With one trajectory type, the monkey mo...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231153
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of this study were to determine whether changes in electromyographic (EMG) responses observed during prolonged intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) were due to local plasticity of the motor system or to global changes in the preparation. Local effects would be expressed as changes only along the activa...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00242909
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cutaneous feedback in the agonist-antagonist co-activation mechanism during maximum voluntary force (MVF) production by the fingers. Seventeen healthy male subjects (age: 23.8 ± 1.0 years) were asked to press with maximal effort at their fingertips. Finger force...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3601-6
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six cats were reared with surgically produced squint or atropinisation of one eye during the sensitive period of development. Five cats were reared without an ocular interference but in the same environment as the experimental cats. Four of these normally reared cats provided control data for perikaryal size. When the...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00235784
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cortical migration defects are often associated with epilepsy. In mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), granule cell dispersion (GCD), a migration defect of dentate granule cells, is frequently observed. Little is known how GCD develops and to which extent it contributes to the development of seizure activity. Since t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1948-5
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An experiment using reciprocal arm and wrist aiming movements with an amplitude of 16(o) and target width of .5° (ID = 6) was conducted to determine the impact of adding external loads. We predicted that wrist and arm performance may be differentially impacted by the added mass. Participants were asked to flex/extend ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3303-5
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ganglioside and DNA levels were estimated in the striatum of rats 10 days and 6 weeks after lesioning by intrastriatal injection of kainic acid. There was a moderate, 21-24% decrease of the ganglioside concentration per unit protein on the side of the lesion, which can be ascribed to the loss of the intrinsic striatal...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238752
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of trans-1-amino-cyclopentyl-1,3-dicarboxylate (trans-ACPD) and of DL-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (AP3), i.e. selective agonist and antagonist of metabotropic quisqualate receptors respectively, on parallel fibre (PF)-mediated EPSPs of Purkinje cells (PCs) were studied in an in vitro slice preparatio...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228964
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the influence of passive restraint on postural activity and motion sickness in individuals who actively controlled a potentially nauseogenic visual motion stimulus (a driving video game). Twenty-four adults (20.09 ± 1.56 years; 167.80 ± 7.94 cm; 59.02 ± 9.18 kg) were recruited as participants. Using elasti...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3609-y
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the alpha2 adrenergic agonist, clonidine, on the near complete cerebral ischemia (NCFI) evoked release of glutamate and aspartate from normo- and hyperglycemic rodent brain tissue using microdialysis tissue techniques. Hemodynamic variables, blood lactate,...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0064-4
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method is described for localized microapplication of drugs into nervous tissue of freely moving rats. Fairly constant release of material was observed over a period of more than three weeks. The amount of substance released was small because the rate of release was determined largely by diffusion rather than by mas...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238909
更新日期:1979-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to examine effects of different types of task constraints on coupling of perception and action in people with chronic stroke when crossing obstacles during a walking task. Ten participants with hemiplegic chronic stroke volunteered to walk over a static obstacle under two distinct task constr...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-017-4920-9
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study tested the idea that the visuomotor systems mediating prehension do not have independent access to pictorial cues processed by perceptual mechanisms. Individuals with visual form agnosia, whose perceptual systems are compromised but who have intact visuomotor control, were examined to determine wheth...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00005731
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that the "synaptic" bodies of mammalian pinealocytes are a heterogeneous group of organelles. Whereas "synaptic" ribbons (SR) exhibit a day/night rhythm with small numbers during daytime and high numbers at night, the so-called "synaptic" spherules (SS) show species-specific differences in ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236214
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Counts of callosal neurons retrogradely labeled by horseradish peroxidase (visualized using multiple substrates) were obtained in areas 17 and 18 of five kittens reared with their eyelids bilaterally sutured and of three kittens which had undergone bilateral enucleation on postnatal days 1--4. These counts were compar...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00239301
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemi-seesaw nystagmus (hemi-SSN) is a jerk-waveform nystagmus with conjugate torsional and disjunctive vertical components. Halmagyi et al. in Brain 117(Pt 4):789-803 (1994), reported hemi-SSN in patients with unilateral lesions in the vicinity of the Interstitial Nucleus of Cajal (INC) and suggested that an imbalance...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2376-2
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study aimed to elucidate the distribution of ferric and ferrous iron in the hippocampus after kainate-induced neuronal injury. A modified Perl's or Turnbull's blue histochemical stain was used to demonstrate Fe3+ and Fe2+ respectively. Very light staining for iron was observed in the hippocampus, in normal...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-001-0971-y
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It was previously proposed that a linkage between the optokinetic system and the stereoscopic system in higher mammals serves to allow these animals to selectively stabilize those parts of the visual scene which lie in the plane of convergence as the animals move forward in a three-dimensional world (Howard and Ohmi, ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228902
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To understand spatiotemporally coordinated activity in neural networks and interaction between different areas or layers in brain tissue, simultaneous multisite recording is a prerequisite. For in vitro studies pursuing these goals, substrate integrated, planar microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been developed to monit...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-001-0932-5
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Earlier studies have suggested an impairment in the attention and eye movement control of children with ADHD. An important phenomenon in the control of attentional shifts and eye movements is the inhibition of return (IOR), which states that our brain works in a way that prevents our attention from returning to a spat...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1362-8
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00