Abstract：
:An experiment using reciprocal arm and wrist aiming movements with an amplitude of 16(o) and target width of .5° (ID = 6) was conducted to determine the impact of adding external loads. We predicted that wrist and arm performance may be differentially impacted by the added mass. Participants were asked to flex/extend their limb/lever in a horizontal plane at the wrist (arm stabilized) or elbow joint (wrist stabilized) in an attempt to move back and forth between the two targets as quickly and accurately as possible. External loads of 0, .568, or 1.136 kg were fixed at the distal end of the limb/lever. The targets and the current position of the limb were projected on the screen in front of the participant. The results indicated significant Group × Load interactions for movement time and percent time to peak velocity. Movement time decreased as load increased for the wrist but remained stable across loads for arm movements. Percent movement time utilized to accelerate the limb increased as load increased for wrist movements but only increased from 0 to .568 kg load for the arm movements. For both groups increased load had no significant effect on endpoint variability. The present findings suggest that the additional load allowed the control advantages of the wrist muscles to be exploited.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Panzer S,Boyle JB,Shea CHdoi
10.1007/s00221-012-3303-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-01 00:00:00pages
243-53issue
2eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
224pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Eye and head rotations are normally correlated with changes in walking direction; however, it is unknown whether they play a causal role in the control of steering. The objective of the present study was to answer two questions about the role of head rotations in steering control when walking to a goal. First, are hea...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3077-9
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The complex spike (CS) and simple spike (SS) activities of Purkinje cells in the rostral zone of the cerebellar flocculus were recorded in alert cats during optokinetic responses (OKR) elicited by a stimulus sequence consisting of a constant-speed visual pattern movement in one direction for 1 s and then in the opposi...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210000363
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditional approaches to research on bimanual coordination focus on sensorimotor interference, motor programming, and effects of perception and feedback guidance; surprisingly, little is known about high-level conceptual constraints that might unify separate movements into coordinated actions. We investigated two pos...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-010-2365-5
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) evoked in motoneurons innervating the back and abdominal muscles in the lumbar part of the body by stimulating hindlimb cutaneous afferents were investigated in unanesthetized decerebate and spinal cats. Various types of PSP: pure excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), pure inhibitory...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050879
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enteric glia share morphological, biochemical, and functional properties with astrocytes. Thus, like astrocytes, transplantation of enteric glia into the central nervous system (CNS) might facilitate the development of the characteristics of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in endothelial cells. This study explored this ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-004-2119-3
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate, in healthy subjects, the modulation of amplitude and phase precision of the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) to 40 Hz stimulation in two resting conditions varying in the level of arousal. Previously, ASSR measures have shown to be affected by the level of arousal, but th...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-007-1111-0
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The convergence of the posterior semicircular canal (PC) and utricular (UT) inputs in single vestibular nuclei neurons was studied intracellularly in decerebrate cats. A total of 160 vestibular neurons were orthodromically activated by selective stimulation of the PC and the UT nerve and classified according to whethe...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210000336
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emotional processing that occurs partially in advance of perceptual processing is known as pre-perceptual emotional processing. The facilitation of sensory processing due to pre-perceptual emotional processing can be observed in visual search and attentional blink tasks. However, previous event-related potential studi...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4486-3
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We constructed average histograms from responses evoked by flashing stimuli and noted previously described variations in the shape of the response profile, particularly with respect to sharpness of the peak. To express this variable, we measured the half-rise latency, which is the latency from stimulus onset required ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00242177
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study examined the EEG of young, old and old declined adults performing a visual paired associate task. In order to examine the effects of encoding context and stimulus repetition, target pairs were presented on either detailed or white backgrounds and were repeatedly presented during both early and late p...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-011-2966-7
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gaze in real-world scenarios is controlled by a huge variety of parameters, such as stimulus features, instructions or context, all of which have been studied systematically in laboratory studies. It is, however, unclear how these results transfer to real-world situations, when participants are largely unconstrained i...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3254-x
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of sensory deprivation upon ability of a vibrissa to activate a functional column in the barrel field of somatosensory cortex were examined with 2 deoxyglucose (2DG) autoradiography in the rat. After six weeks of whisker plucking started at birth, and one week of recovery, the cortical column activated by the ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230950
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fetal spinal cord tissue was grafted to the anterior chamber of the eye of adult recipients. Transverse segments from the cervical and high thoracic levels were divided in halves which were grafted directly or further divided into ventral horn and dorsal horn parts before grafting. Survival and intraocular growth was ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237016
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microinjections of D,L homocysteic acid (DLH, 40 nmoles) made in the lateral PAG of the unanesthetized and paralyzed decerebrate cat evoked distinct patterns of extracranial and hindlimb blood flow. One pattern, evoked from the pretentorial part of the lateral PAG (A3.3-A2.5), consisted of an extracranial vasodilation...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230972
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study addresses three main questions: (1) Does the magnitude of the grasping force affect the prehension synergies, i.e., conjoint changes of finger forces and moments? (2) Do individual finger forces scale with the total grasping forces ('scale-invariance hypothesis')? (3) How specification of the grasping force ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-008-1675-3
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The brain noradrenaline (NA) system is known to modulate ischemic neuronal damage, and the turnover of NA has been suggested to increase in the early recovery period following cerebral ischemia. Using HPLC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry we analyzed the tissue levels of NA and its metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyph...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230938
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The task of sliding a nut from a rod has been used to study manual slowing in old age (Smith et al. in Neurology 53:1458-1461, 1999; Neurobiol Aging 26:883-890, 2005). In this experiment, we sought to determine if the age-related slowing in this task occurs with losses of motor precision, as indicated by the forces ex...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-2030-z
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine if recovery of neurologically impaired hand function following isolated motor cortex injury would occur without constraint of the non-impaired limb, and without daily forced use of the impaired limb. Nine monkeys (Macaca mulatta) received neurosurgical lesions of various exte...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-010-2157-y
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compared the morphological characteristics and the behavioural effects of intrahippocampal septal cell suspension grafts injected either just above the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampal region CA1 or within the dorsal leaf of the dentate gyrus (DG) in rats subjected to electrolytic fimbria-fornix lesi...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00227297
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The properties of adaptation within the locomotor and balance control systems directed towards improving one's recovery strategy for fall prevention are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine adaptive control of gait stability to repeated slip exposure leading to a reduction in backward loss of ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0189-5
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flexible and stable postural control requires adaptation to changing environmental conditions, a process which requires re-weighting of multisensory stimuli. Recent studies, as well as predictions from a computational model, have indicated a reciprocal re-weighting relationship between modalities when a sensory stimul...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3244-z
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of dopaminergic medication on the selection-for-action mechanisms in Parkinson's disease (PD). PD subjects were tested after not having taken medication for at least 12 h ("Off' state) and then retested 1-2 h after medication ("On" state). A three-dimensional kine...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210000510
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tactile information is differentially processed over the various phases of goal-directed movements. Here, event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate the neural correlates of tactile and visual information processing during movement. Participants performed goal-directed reaches for an object placed centra...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-016-4589-5
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Automatic postural responses of leg muscles to the sudden displacement of standing support were investigated under four different conditions of information given to subjects in advance. Results from three groups of subjects were compared: 6 normal subjects, 10 patients with cerebellar disease, and 9 patients with Park...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00231777
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models have become well established as the most suitable way to simulate stroke in experimental studies. The high variability in the size of the resulting infarct due to filament composition, rodent strain and vessel anatomy makes the setup of such models very complex. Beside co...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3296-0
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In searching for regulatory mechanisms involved in the cell-specific neuronal and glial transcription a cell-free transcriptional system has been developed using neuronal and glial rat brain chromatin and partially purified neuronal and glial nuclear rat brain RNA polymerases. Both free and chromatin-bound (engaged) n...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237292
更新日期：1978-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:It is a common experience, immediately after the removal of a cast or a splint, to feel motor awkwardness, which is usually attributed to muscular and joint immobilization. However, the same feeling may also be perceived after a brief period of immobilization. We provide evidence that this last effect stems from chang...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3115-7
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects on striatal high affinity glutamate uptake (HAGU) of an apomorphine injection administered either alone or along with an electrical stimulation of the frontal cortex were compared between intact control rats and animals with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuro...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00247588
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After partial (spared-root) or complete hindlimb deafferentation, locomotion and accurate limb placement during locomotion recover considerably. In the present study movement was studied during and after recovery to determine whether altered motor patterns could substitute for normal ones in the recovery of motor beha...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00248226
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous work has indicated that people do not use their judgment of a target's speed to determine where to hit it. Instead, they use their judgment of the target's changing position and an expected speed (based on the speed of previous targets). In the present study we investigate whether people also ignore the targe...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-003-1556-8
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
