Abstract:
:Gaze in real-world scenarios is controlled by a huge variety of parameters, such as stimulus features, instructions or context, all of which have been studied systematically in laboratory studies. It is, however, unclear how these results transfer to real-world situations, when participants are largely unconstrained in their behavior. Here we measure eye and head orientation and gaze in two conditions, in which we ask participants to negotiate paths in a real-world outdoor environment. The implicit task set is varied by using paths of different irregularity: In one condition, the path consists of irregularly placed steps, and in the other condition, a cobbled road is used. With both paths located adjacently, the visual environment (i.e., context and features) for both conditions is virtually identical, as is the instruction. We show that terrain regularity causes differences in head orientation and gaze behavior, specifically in the vertical direction. Participants direct head and eyes lower when terrain irregularity increases. While head orientation is not affected otherwise, vertical spread of eye-in-head orientation also increases significantly for more irregular terrain. This is accompanied by altered patterns of eye movements, which compensate for the lower average gaze to still inspect the visual environment. Our results quantify the importance of implicit task demands for gaze allocation in the real world, and imply qualitatively distinct contributions of eyes and head in gaze allocation. This underlines the care that needs to be taken when inferring real-world behavior from constrained laboratory data.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
't Hart BM,Einhäuser Wdoi
10.1007/s00221-012-3254-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-11-01 00:00:00pages
233-49issue
2eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
223pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Using combined psychophysics and event-related potentials (ERPs), we investigated the effect of perceptual learning on face gender discrimination and probe the neural correlates of the learning effect. Human subjects were trained to perform a gender discrimination task with male or female faces. Before and after train...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3396-x
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depending on individual lesion location and extent, reorganization of the human motor system has been observed with a high interindividual variability. In addition, variability of forces exerted, of motor effort, and of movement strategies complicates the interpretation of functional imaging studies. We hypothesize th...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-001-0981-9
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the study was to determine whether characteristics of a motor action affect anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs). Standing subjects held a load between their hands with arms extended in front of their body. Next, subjects performed bilateral shoulder abduction movements (motor action) of three ampli...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0725-y
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::When asked to identify the position of a sound, listeners can report its perceived location as well as their subjective certainty about this spatial judgement. Yet, research to date focused primarily on measures of perceived location (e.g., accuracy and precision of pointing responses), neglecting instead the phenomen...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05748-4
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In convergent strabismus (esotropia) the spatial asynchrony of the two eye inputs unbalances the interocular interactions, leading to the functional advantage of the nondeviated eye and the inhibition of the esotropic eye. It may be argued that the strabismic suppression, if it is the effect of inhibitory interactions...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1190-x
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ideal grasping movements should maintain an appropriate probability of success, while controlling movement-related costs, in the presence of varying visual (and motor) uncertainty. It is often assumed that the probability of errors is managed by adjusting a margin for error in hand opening (e.g., opening the hand wide...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-019-05489-z
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The smooth pursuit system moves the eyes in space accurately while compensating for visual inputs from the moving background and/or vestibular inputs during head movements. To understand the mechanisms underlying such interactions, we examined the influence of a stationary textured visual background on smooth pursuit ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1367-3
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Load perturbations were applied to the arm of human subjects under conditions where both limb segments (upper arm and forearm) were free to move. The perturbations consisted of pulses of torque 50 ms in duration and of pseudo-random sequences of such pulses. They were applied to either the forearm or the upper arm. Un...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237573
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study (Rossi et al. 2001) implied the absence of figure-ground based contextual modulation in macaque V1, in contrast to the study on which it was modelled (Zipser et al. 1996). We suggest that Rossi et al. may have underestimated the extent of modulation by considering only positive and not also negative mod...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-004-1847-8
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence suggests that brain injury can impair the ability to independently activate shoulder and elbow muscles. We hypothesized that if muscle activation patterns are constrained, then brain-injured subjects should not be able to accurately grade initial hand movement direction during reaching toward a broad r...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1055-3
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We employed binocular magnetic search coils to study the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) of 15 human subjects undergoing passive, whole-body rotations about a vertical (yaw) axis delivered as a series of pseudorandom transients and sinusoidal oscillations at frequenci...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00005639
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The occurrence of postural and balance disorders is a frequent feature in advanced forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the pathological substrate of these disturbances is poorly understood. METHODS:In the present work, we investigated the evolution of posturometric parameters [center of pressure (Co...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0202-z
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::When two hands require different information in bimanual asymmetric movements, interference can occur via callosal connections and ipsilateral corticospinal pathways. This interference could potentially work as a cost-effective measure in symmetric movements, allowing the same information to be commonly available to b...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2244-0
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study analyses the strategies adopted by normal subjects when they are asked to make two separate movements as rapidly as possible one after the other. Five subjects performed the following sequential movements in their own time. 1) Squeeze an isometric force transducer between fingers and thumb to a force...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237481
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is a common experience, immediately after the removal of a cast or a splint, to feel motor awkwardness, which is usually attributed to muscular and joint immobilization. However, the same feeling may also be perceived after a brief period of immobilization. We provide evidence that this last effect stems from chang...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3115-7
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Attention Network Test (ANT) is a frequently used computer-based tool for measuring the three attention networks (alerting, orienting, and executive control). We examined the psychometric properties of performance on a variant of the ANT, the Attention Network Test-Interaction (ANT-I) in healthy older adults (N = ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4493-4
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural cuffs, implanted around various hindlimb nerves (sural, common peroneal, posterior tibial), were used to deliver brief stimulus trains to unrestrained cats walking on a treadmill. The resulting perturbations of the step cycle were evaluated by analyzing the EMG bursts recorded from the ankle extensors and by hi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00239728
更新日期:1978-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::For a long time, a controversy has been proposed that whether the process of theory of mind is a result of domain-specific or domain-general changes (Wellman in The handbook of childhood cognitive development. Blackwell Publication, New Jersey, 2011). This event-related potential study explored the neural time course ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3661-7
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhythmic interlimb coordination is characterized by attraction to stable phase and frequency relations. Sudden, unintended transitions between such coordination patterns have been observed in iso- and multifrequency tasks when movement frequency was gradually increased. These transitions have been accounted for by mod...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s002210050257
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::3,4-Methylene-dioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') has a broad spectrum of molecular targets in the brain, among them receptors and transporters of the serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and noradrenergic systems. Its action on the serotonergic system modulates motor systems in rodents and humans. Althoug...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-014-4095-6
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the effects of mental set on predictive capabilities using a saccade square-wave tracking paradigm with ten normal subjects, comparing three amplitudes (10, 20, and 40 degrees ) and five inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) (400, 500, 625, 1000, and 2000 ms). Subjects were instructed simply to "follow ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-005-2317-7
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms by which the nervous system coordinates multiple muscles for the control of finger movements are not well understood. One possibility is that groups of muscles may be enlisted into synergies by last-order inputs that project across multiple motor nuclei. In this study we investigated the role that tacti...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0643-z
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The retinal positions of objects in the world change with each eye movement, but we seem to have little trouble keeping track of spatial information from one fixation to the next. We examined the role of attention in trans-saccadic localization by asking participants to localize targets while performing an attentional...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-014-4062-2
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of body posture on the human soleus H-reflex via electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa was studied. All parameters that may influence the reflex were controlled stringently. H-reflexes were elicited in three different body postures while keeping the level of background muscle act...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5182-x
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of Huntington's disease patients to co-ordinate their two hands with and without external cueing was investigated. Twelve Huntington's disease patients and sex- and age-matched controls performed a bimanual cranking task at two speeds (0.5 Hz, 1.5 Hz) and phase relationships (in-phase, anti-phase), with an...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210000485
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is known to rapidly adapt to task demands and to intermodal information (e.g. from vision). Here, we show that also intramodal information (i.e. posture) can affect tactile attentional selection processes and the intermodal effects of vision on those processes at S1 stages of processi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3171-z
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neutral buoyancy facilities are used to prepare astronauts and cosmonauts for extra vehicular activities e.g. on-board of the International Space Station. While previous studies indicated a decrease in cognitive performance in an under water setting, they have only provided behavioural data. This study aimed to review...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-014-4019-5
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present experiment assessed the locomotor response to a low dose (1 mg/kg) of systemic D-amphetamine in rats with cytotoxic lesions of the retrohippocampus (entorhinal and extra-subicular cortices), compared with vehicle-operated shams and unoperated controls. Under spontaneous and saline conditions, both the sham...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00241131
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The time course of 72-kDa heat-shock protein (hsp72) induction was evaluated by immunoblotting in cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, liver, and kidney of rats subjected to 60-min focal cerebral ischemia following proximal unilateral occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). Neurological exa...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210000564
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction between pain and the motor system is well-known, with past studies showing that pain can alter corticomotor excitability and have deleterious effects on motor learning. The aim of this study was to better understand the cortical mechanisms underlying the interaction between pain and the motor system. E...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-017-4880-0
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00