Abstract:
:We employed binocular magnetic search coils to study the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) of 15 human subjects undergoing passive, whole-body rotations about a vertical (yaw) axis delivered as a series of pseudorandom transients and sinusoidal oscillations at frequencies from 0.8 to 2.0 Hz. Rotations were about a series of five axes ranging from 20 cm posterior to the eyes to 10 cm anterior to the eyes. Subjects were asked to regard visible or remembered targets 10 cm, 25 cm, and 600 cm distant from the right eye. During sinusoidal rotations, the gain and phase of the VOR and VVOR were found to be highly dependent on target distance and eccentricity of the rotational axis. For axes midway between or anterior to the eyes, sinusoidal gain decreased progressively with increasing target proximity, while, for axes posterior to the otolith organs, gain increased progressively with target proximity. These effects were large and highly significant. When targets were remote, rotational axis eccentricity nevertheless had a small but significant effect on sinusoidal gain. For sinusoidal rotational axes midway between or anterior to the eyes, a phase lead was present that increased with rotational frequency, while for axes posterior to the otolith organs phase lag increased with rotational frequency. Transient trials were analyzed during the first 25 ms and from 25 to 80 ms after the onset of the head rotation. During the initial 25 ms of transient head rotations, VOR and VVOR gains were not significantly influenced by rotational eccentricity or target distance. Later in the transient responses, 25-80 ms from movement onset, both target distance and eccentricity significantly influenced gain in a manner similar to the behavior during sinusoidal rotation. Vergence angle generally remained near the theoretically ideal value during illuminated test conditions (VVOR), while in darkness vergence often varied modestly from the ideal value. Regression analysis of instantaneous VOR gain as a function of vergence demonstrated only a weak correlation, indicating that instantaneous gain is not likely to be directly dependent on vergence. A model was proposed in which linear acceleration as sensed by the otoliths is scaled by target distance and summed with angular acceleration as sensed by the semicircular canals to control eye movements. The model was fit to the sinusoidal VOR data collected in darkness and was found to describe the major trends observed in the data. The results of the model suggest that a linear interaction exists between the canal and otolithic inputs to the VOR.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Crane BT,Viirre ES,Demer JLdoi
10.1007/pl00005639subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-04-01 00:00:00pages
304-20issue
2eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
114pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The vestibular nuclei and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) have been regarded as key elements of the velocity-to-position integrator for vertical eye movements. This paper reports a class of type II vestibular neurons that receives input from the INC and carries vertical eye movement signals that appear to repr...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1750-8
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Does the brain use a separate internal model for cursor mechanics during visuomotor adaptation? We compared the amount of adaptation and transfer to the opposite arm when subjects reached the targets under different viewing conditions of the arm during reaching. If the brain forms separate models, we predict a differe...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2155-0
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abstract::Proprioception is used by the central nervous system (CNS) in the control of the spatial and temporal characteristics of single joint and multiple joint movement. The present study addressed the role of proprioception in the control of bilateral cyclical movements of the limbs. Normal blindfolded human subjects drew c...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050788
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00229892
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular recordings from thalamic neurons receiving cerebellar inputs were performed under urethane anesthesia in the rat. A total of 64 neurons were recorded intracellularly with micropipettes filled with 4% biocytin solution (dissolved in 0.5 M K-acetate), and cerebellar-induced EPSPs (CN-EPSPs), the membrane r...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231841
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a tri-axial model of spatial orientation applicable to static 1g and non-1g environments. The model attempts to capture the mechanics of otolith organ transduction of static linear forces and the perceptual computations performed on these sensor signals to yield subjective orientation of the vertical...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0387-9
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::For 1 week, healthy human participants ( n=7) were devoid of normal vision by exposure to prism lenses that optically rotated their perceived world around the line of sight by 180 degrees. Adaptation to such prisms involved sustained and vigorous practice of the ability to redirect the unadapted efferent motor command...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1097-6
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1146-1
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00247518
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2764-2
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00239743
更新日期:1975-09-29 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05897-6
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00340493
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00235886
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in several cognitive functions, such as planning, decision making, and social behavior. We previously reported that periodontal sensory input significantly increases PFC activity during the motor task of maintaining occlusal (biting) force. However, the relationships...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-019-05630-y
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Efficient daily navigation is underpinned by path integration, the mechanism by which we use self-movement information to update our position in space. This process is well understood in adulthood, but there has been relatively little study of path integration in childhood, leading to an underrepresentation in account...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3709-8
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3316-0
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abstract::The evidence on the impact of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on action restraint on Go/NoGO reaction time (RT) tasks in Parkinson's disease (PD) is inconsistent; with some studies reporting no effect and others finding that STN stimulation interferes with withholding of responses and results in m...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
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doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4531-2
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236821
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of the intermittency of visual information in the bimanual coordination of an isometric force coordination task was investigated as a function of criterion force level. Eight levels of visual information intermittency (.2-25.6 Hz) were used in blocked fashion at each force level. Participants were required ...
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used the framework of the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis to analyze the structure of finger force variability in discrete (ramp) and oscillatory force production tasks performed by the index and middle fingers of the right hand acting in parallel. Subjects performed the tasks at fast and slow rates, with an...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Sequential intraocular grafting of defined areas from fetal rat brain to adult host rats was used to explore the possibility that such double grafts would become interconnected. Norepinephrine- containing neurons of the locus coeruleus were grafted together with either parietal cerebral cortex, hippocampus, or the cau...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236784
更新日期:1979-03-09 00:00:00
abstract::Autologous segments of peroneal nerve were implanted into the medulla of adult rats to induce axonal regeneration of central neurons axotomised during the grafting procedure. Grafts were inserted in the midline--where respiratory axons decussate--or laterally, either in the nucleus tractus solitarius or in the nucleus...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The repetition of muscle contractions is likely to generate fatigue which can provoke alterations of postural control. Regulatory mechanisms can be triggered to counteract these alterations. However, these mechanisms would occur only when fatigue is induced through voluntary (VOL) contractions and not with electricall...
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abstract::It has been proposed that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) mediates response inhibition and conflict resolution through the fronto-basal ganglia pathways. Our aim was to compare the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN on reactive and proactive inhibition and conflict resolution in Parkinson's disease using...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
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更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
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更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00