Abstract：
:Neural cuffs, implanted around various hindlimb nerves (sural, common peroneal, posterior tibial), were used to deliver brief stimulus trains to unrestrained cats walking on a treadmill. The resulting perturbations of the step cycle were evaluated by analyzing the EMG bursts recorded from the ankle extensors and by high speed cinematography. It was found that relatively weak stimulation (1.4 to 2 X T) of the posterior tibial nerve was very effective in eliciting a prolongation of the flexion phase provided the stimuli were applied just prior to the expected onset of the ankle extensor EMG burst. This ipsilateral hyperflexion was correlated with a prolongation of the contralateral extension. The same stimuli applied during stance usually evoked a yielding of the stimulated leg and a prolongation of the ongoing contralateral stance. In addition to these flexor and extensor reflex effects, it was found that low threshold stimulation of the sural and common peroneal nerves resulted in a powerful reflex activation of the ankle extensors. In contrast, stimulation of the gastrocnemius-soleus nerve (a muscle nerve) produced no discernible behavioral effects, even for stimuli at 3 X T, indicating that the observed reflexes are probably mediated by cutaneous afferents. The results were largely confirmed in experiments using the same cuffs implanted in spontaneously walking premammilliary cats.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Duysens J,Stein RBdoi
10.1007/BF00239728subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1978-06-19 00:00:00pages
213-24issue
2eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The present study examined, in the superior colliculus (SC) of anaesthetised cats, the functional connectivity between superficial-layer neurones (SLNs) and tectoreticular neurones (TRNs: collicular output cells). TRNs were antidromically identified by electrical stimulation of the predorsal bundle. The auto- and cros...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002219900263
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of Huntington's disease patients to co-ordinate their two hands with and without external cueing was investigated. Twelve Huntington's disease patients and sex- and age-matched controls performed a bimanual cranking task at two speeds (0.5 Hz, 1.5 Hz) and phase relationships (in-phase, anti-phase), with an...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210000485
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of bilateral focal cooling of dorsolateral thoracic spinal cord on segmental reflex pathways to the triceps surae muscles were assessed in decerebrate cats from the reflex forces produced by single shocks or trains of electrical stimuli applied to the ipsilateral caudal cutaneous sural and the contralatera...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230042
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) respond to multiple sensory inputs--visual, auditory, and somatic--as well as provide signals essential for saccadic eye movements to targets in different modalities. When the eyes and pinnae are in primary position, the neural map of auditory space is ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00231709
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intraparenchymal injections of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle in rats destroys the dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. In other transmitter systems it has been found that axotomy or neurotoxin exposure produces an initial loss of neurotransmitt...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00229549
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two rhesus monkeys were trained to make saccadic eye movements from a central fixation point towards a peripheral target. Saccadic reaction times (SRTs) were measured in the gap paradigm (200 ms pause between offset of fixation point and onset of peripheral target). Target position for extensive training (SRTs of 150 ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230109
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 12 subjects, each sitting on an armchair with the right forearm prone, the H-reflex elicited in the resting flexor carpi radialis muscle underwent cyclic excitability changes correlated with rhythmic flexion-extension movements of the ipsilateral foot (frequency of oscillations between 1.5 and 2.5 Hz). During foot ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050297
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While sensory corticotectal connections have received considerable attention, relatively little is known about the nature of superior colliculus neurons that receive input from the cortical frontal eye fields. The present experiments used microstimulation of indwelling electrodes in the frontal eye fields and single-u...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050869
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Information about the direction of the virtual line between two positions in space (directional information) is used in many decision-making and motor tasks. We investigated how accurately directional information is processed by the brain. Subjects performed two types of task. In both tasks they sat at a table. In the...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00231466
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are a number of studies concerning difference of postural control following left or right hemisphere lesions. Few studies, however, compare the role of the right and left hemisphere in learning new postural tasks. This study aimed to address this question. Twenty patients with hemiparesis after ischemic stroke i...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-2091-z
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thaw-mount autoradiography was used to map target neurons for tritiated steroids in the brains of ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. In five females, studies were performed 60 min after the administration of 3H-estradiol. Of these, two females were pretreated for five days with daily injections of 2 mg testosterone propio...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235647
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During saccadic eye movements, images of external objects move rapidly across the retina. Small, unpredictable displacements imposed upon a target moving at saccadic velocity were detected with equal accuracy when (1) the retinal image velocity was caused by an eye movement, or (2) when the same velocity was produced ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236664
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Through an experimental study of the stability properties of the human neuromuscular system while it performs simple point-to-point arm movements, this paper evaluates the concepts of equilibrium and virtual trajectories as a means of executing movement of the arm. Human subjects grasped the instrumented handle of a t...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228024
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present paper focused on the role of mechanical factors arising from the multijoint structure of the musculoskeletal system and their use in the control of different patterns of cyclical elbow-wrist movements. Across five levels of cycling frequency (from 0.45 Hz up to 3.05 Hz), three movement patterns were analyz...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050457
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the role of additional perceptual information (finger touch) and additional mechanical support (hand grasp) on the anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) associated with fast arm movements performed by standing subjects. The subjects performed fast, unilateral shoulder ante-flexion movements while st...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210000492
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The efficacy of inhibitory and excitatory intracortical circuits acting on the representation of an intrinsic hand muscle in the primary motor cortex of both hemispheres was measured with paired transcranial magnetic stimuli in right-handed subjects. Both intracortical inhibition (measured with an interstimulus interv...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-003-1696-x
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has long been assumed that the human central nervous system uses flexible combinations of several muscle synergies to effortlessly and efficiently control redundant movements. However, whether muscle synergies exist in the neural circuit remains controversial, and it is critical to examine the association between t...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4253-5
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the topographic organization of nociceptive neurons in the caudal medullary reticular formation, the distribution of cells that exhibit c-fos expression was examined following a unilateral noxious facial stimulus: subcutaneous injection of formalin into the vibrissal pad of awake rats. Labelling for Fos...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228014
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effect of spatial uncertainty on motor planning by using the cueing method in a reaching task (experiment 1). Discrete spatial cues indicated the different locations in which the target could be presented. The number of cues as well as their direction changed from trial to trial. We tested the adeq...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-003-1453-1
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present experiment investigated the effects of aging on emotional behavior, without concomitant influences from any previous behavioral manipulation apart from weighing the rats. Anxiety-related behaviors were measured in the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Performance in the open field (OF) was also assessed to control...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-2240-y
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we examined the relationship between a measure of cerebral lateralization--differences in tympanic temperature (T(Ty))--and questionnaire measures of inattentiveness and hyperactivity in both people and dogs. Theories of cerebral lateralization indicate that cerebral asymmetry may improve attentive beha...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3093-9
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies demonstrated a higher accuracy in perception and action when using more than one sense. The maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) model offers a recent approach on how perceptual information is integrated across different sensory modalities suggesting statistically optimal integration. The purpose of the pr...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-2099-4
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In natural environments depth-related information has to be extracted very fast from binocular disparity even if cues are presented shortly. However, few studies used efMRI to study depth perception. We therefore analyzed extension and localization of activation evoked by depth-by-disparity stimuli that were displayed...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-1844-z
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recordings were made in the peroneal nerve of healthy volunteer subjects from C-mechano-heat (CMH) nociceptors (n=25) with their receptive fields in the skin on the dorsum of the foot. The investigation focused on afferent single C-fiber activity induced by short (200 ms) high-intensity argon-laser light pulses projec...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050489
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The foot is a critical interface between the body and supporting surface during walking, but there is no coherent framework on which to model the dynamics of the stance and swing phases. To establish this framework, we studied the rotational and translational dynamics of foot movement in three dimensions with a motion...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0633-1
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated age-related changes in the attentional demands associated with interlimb coordination involving upper and lower limbs performed at three different movement frequencies. Younger and older adults performed rhythmical, 180° out-of-phase flexion-extension movements of the knee and elbow with...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3511-7
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated how neurons in the different motor areas of the frontal lobe reflect the movement dynamics, and how their neuronal activity undergoes plastic changes when monkeys adapt to perturbing forces (they learn new dynamics). Here we describe the results obtained in the dorsal premotor area (PMd) and ventral pr...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0074-2
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perception of whether a given behavior is possible typically reflects a person's action capabilities even before the behavior is performed and even when the person has undergone recent changes to their action capabilities. Importantly, perception of affordances for a given behavior also reflects impending changes to a...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3104-x
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stellate cells within the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) are a diverse cell group that have been classified according to their size and morphology. Some of these stellate cell types constitute major projection neurones into the brainstem and directly into the inferior colliculus, while others are implicated in more lo...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-003-1602-6
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has previously been found that in fast point-to-point arm movements, proprioceptive feedback is centrally suppressed at the beginning of movement and is facilitated at a time that is correlated with temporal parameters of the planned movement. Here, we show that this correlation holds when subjects are explicitly i...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-1967-2
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
