Abstract:
:Prediabetes is a heterogeneous term that encompasses different origins of insulin resistance and insulin secretion that contribute to distinct patterns of hyperglycemia. In fact, prediabetes is an umbrella term that characterizes individuals at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on current definitions there are at least 3 distinct phenotypes of prediabetes: impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerant (IGT), or the combination of both (IFG + IGT). Each phenotype is clinically relevant as they are uniquely recognized as having different levels of risk for progressing to T2D and CVD. Herein, we discuss the underlying pathophysiology that characterizes IFG, IGT and the combination, as well as examine how some of these phenotypes appear resistant to traditional exercise interventions. We propose that substrate metabolism differences between the prediabetes phenotypes may be a unifying mechanism that explains the inter-subject variation in response to exercise seen across obese, metabolic syndrome, pre-diabetic and T2D patients in the current literature. Ultimately, a better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that govern disturbances responsible for fasting vs. postprandial hyperglycemia and the combination of both is important for designing optimal and personalized exercise treatment strategies that treat and prevent hyperglycemia and CVD risk.
journal_name
Rev Endocr Metab Disordjournal_title
Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disordersauthors
Malin SK,Liu Z,Barrett EJ,Weltman Adoi
10.1007/s11154-016-9352-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-01 00:00:00pages
81-90issue
1eissn
1389-9155issn
1573-2606pii
10.1007/s11154-016-9352-5journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Weight gain at the outset of prolactinomas in many women is well documented. Yet, this symptom is absent from the clinical descriptions of the disease in textbooks and reviews. This omission is almost certainly due to the absence of a physiological explanation for the phenomenon, as prolactin is not a recognized fat p...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::New insights on the high prevalence of functional decompensation of the thyroid among newborn and children from several states of India as well as neighbouring countries of Nepal and Bhutan helped to prevent nutritional iodine deficiency and iodine deficiency disorders through country-wide iodized salt prophylaxis. Pr...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
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doi:10.1007/s11154-008-9094-0
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abstract::With the dramatically increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide, there is an urgent need for new strategies to combat the growing epidemic of these metabolic diseases. Diet is an essential factor affecting the development of and risk for obesity and T2DM and it can either help or h...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-014-9302-z
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abstract::An emerging branch of research is examining the linkage between Vitamin D and nonskeletal disorders, including endocrine diseases. In this regard, a still little studied aspect concerns the involvement of vitamin D in adrenal gland disorders. Adrenal gland disorders, which might be theoretically affected by vitamin D ...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9391-y
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The skeletal muscle is one of the major target organs of insulin and plays an essential role in insulin-induced glucose uptake. Some evidence indicates that insulin delivery to skeletal muscle interstitium through the endothelial cells is the rate-limiting step in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Researchers have al...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-013-9242-z
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ovarian steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol are well established regulators of human endometrial function. However, more recent evidence suggests that androgens and locally generated steroids, such as the glucocorticoids, also have a significant impact on endometrial breakdown and repair. The temporal and ...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-012-9228-2
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adiponectin is among the most studied adipokines, the collection of molecules secreted from adipose tissue. It is also one of the most architecturally complex adipokines with its various oligomeric states that include trimers, hexamers, nonamers (9mers), dodecamers (12mers), and octadecamers (18mers). The importance o...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-013-9256-6
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-013-9239-7
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-007-9038-0
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9349-0
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9342-7
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors, mainly localized in the gastrointestinal system. What characterizes NENs is the expression of hormone receptors on the tumor cell surface, making them accessible for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches (theranostics) using radiolabelled peptid...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-020-09552-x
更新日期:2020-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) increases with age. Lately, the diagnosis of NET was mainly caused by early detection of small NET (<1 cm) in the rectum and stomach, which are depicted by chance during routine and prophylactic endoscopy. Also in patients with large and metastatic pancreatic and intestinal...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-018-9469-9
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-020-09588-z
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A clustering of metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, all of which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), occurs more often than by chance. Numerous epidemiological studies, as well as basic researches, have revealed that visceral fat accumulation is close...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-014-9294-8
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-007-9069-6
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::From the age of 2 years, an American child is more likely to consume a sugar-sweetened product than a fruit or vegetable on any given day-a troubling statistic, given that food preferences are established early in childhood, as well as the strong association between this dietary pattern and increased risk of developin...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9360-5
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucokinase is a key enzyme involved in regulating insulin secretion from the pancreatic ß-cell. The unique role of glucokinase in human glucose physiology is illustrated by the fact that genetic mutations in glucokinase can either cause hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia. Heterozygous inactivating mutations in glucokina...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-010-9147-z
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-020-09565-6
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9403-y
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-011-9184-2
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1010008318961
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) has been linked to later development of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Human studies indicate that individuals who were growth retarded at birth have impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Multiple animal models of IUGR demonstrate impaired beta-cell function and devel...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-007-9045-1
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-015-9309-0
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An increasingly pervasive environment of reduced activity and easy access to high caloric food is leading to an epidemic of poor cardiovascular fitness, obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in children. Studies have shown that insulin resistance (IR) to be an independent predictor for morbidity as we...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-009-9109-5
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-008-9078-0
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00