Vitamin D and diabetes mellitus: Causal or casual association?

abstract：:Coronary artery disease (CAD) continues to be the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In recent years, the strategies for treatment of CAD in DM have undergone much evolution. Currently, all patients with DM, regardless of symptoms or diagnosed CAD, are treated aggress...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Patel NB,Balady GJ

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An increasingly pervasive environment of reduced activity and easy access to high caloric food is leading to an epidemic of poor cardiovascular fitness, obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in children. Studies have shown that insulin resistance (IR) to be an independent predictor for morbidity as we...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Carrel AL,Allen DB

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An emerging branch of research is examining the linkage between Vitamin D and nonskeletal disorders, including endocrine diseases. In this regard, a still little studied aspect concerns the involvement of vitamin D in adrenal gland disorders. Adrenal gland disorders, which might be theoretically affected by vitamin D ...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Tirabassi G,Salvio G,Altieri B,Ronchi CL,Della Casa S,Pontecorvi A,Balercia G

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The peak in incidence for schizophrenia is during late adolescence for both sexes, but within this time frame the peak is both earlier and steeper for males. Additionally, women have a second peak in incidence following menopause. Two meta-analyses have reported that men have an overall ∼40% greater chance of developi...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Markham JA

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A clustering of metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, all of which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), occurs more often than by chance. Numerous epidemiological studies, as well as basic researches, have revealed that visceral fat accumulation is close...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Takahara M,Shimomura I

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ectopic Cushing's syndrome usually relates to the ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) and represents ∼20% of ACTH-dependent and ∼10% of all types of Cushing's syndrome (CS). Nearly any neuroendocrine or non-endocrine tumours may be associated with EAS, but the more prevalent tumours are bronchial carcinoids, small cell lung c...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Alexandraki KI,Grossman AB

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T3 suppression of TSH subunit gene transcription is an important step in maintaining thyroid hormone homeostasis, and recent investigations have increased our understanding of this process. Thyrotrope-specific proteins play a critical role in TSH subunit gene expression, and influence T3-mediated regulatory mechanisms...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Shupnik MA

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite their critical role in susceptibility to metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, mechanisms regulating energy balance are extremely complex and far from being fully understood. Both central and peripheral feedback circuits are involved and, despite it was traditionally thought that the energy b...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Vettor R,Di Vincenzo A,Maffei P,Rossato M

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). One theory to explain this relationship proposes that OSA can induce systemic inflammation, thereby inducing CVD. This theory is based on the premise that obesity is a pro-inflammatory state, and that physiological derange...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Unnikrishnan D,Jun J,Polotsky V

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abnormalities in thyroid function are common endocrine disorders that affect 5-10 % of the general population, with hypothyroidism occurring more frequently than hyperthyroidism. Clinical symptoms and signs are often nonspecific, particularly in hypothyroidism. Muscular symptoms (stiffness, myalgias, cramps, easy fati...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Sindoni A,Rodolico C,Pappalardo MA,Portaro S,Benvenga S

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The carcinoid as originally described is part of the relatively large family of neuroendocrine neoplasia found in almost every organ. Historical reasons back their current definitions. Neuroendocrine cancer is most frequently observed in the lung and the digestive tract. In the lung is defined as carcinoid (typical an...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Inzani F,Petrone G,Fadda G,Rindi G

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myo-inositol (Myo-Ins) plays an important role in thyroid function and autoimmunity. Myo-Ins is the precursor for the synthesis of phosphoinositides, which takes part in the phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) signal transduction pathway, and plays a decisive role in several cellular processes. In the thyroid cells, PtdIns ...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Fallahi P,Ferrari SM,Elia G,Ragusa F,Paparo SR,Caruso C,Guglielmi G,Antonelli A

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Weight gain at the outset of prolactinomas in many women is well documented. Yet, this symptom is absent from the clinical descriptions of the disease in textbooks and reviews. This omission is almost certainly due to the absence of a physiological explanation for the phenomenon, as prolactin is not a recognized fat p...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Sobrinho LG,Horseman ND

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely acknowledged that compliance and persistence with oral osteoporosis medications, particularly with bisphosphonates, is poor. Several excellent reviews have been written on compliance and persistence with osteoporosis medications and have discussed improvements seen with extended dosing intervals. This rev...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Silverman S,Gold DT

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors, mainly localized in the gastrointestinal system. What characterizes NENs is the expression of hormone receptors on the tumor cell surface, making them accessible for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches (theranostics) using radiolabelled peptid...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Refardt J,Hofland J,Kwadwo A,Nicolas GP,Rottenburger C,Fani M,Wild D,Christ E

更新日期：2020-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Deleterious mutations in two breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been identified in breast and ovarian cancer families. Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation are candidates for additional risk reduction measures such as intensive screening, prophylactic surgery or chemoprevention. Addit...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Bradbury AR,Olopade OI

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) increases with age. Lately, the diagnosis of NET was mainly caused by early detection of small NET (<1 cm) in the rectum and stomach, which are depicted by chance during routine and prophylactic endoscopy. Also in patients with large and metastatic pancreatic and intestinal...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Goretzki PE,Mogl MT,Akca A,Pratschke J

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease is characterized by changes in vasoregulation, enhanced generation of reactive oxygen intermediates, inflammatory activation, and altered barrier function. These endothelial alterations contribute to excess cardiovascular disease in diabetes, ...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Eringa EC,Serne EH,Meijer RI,Schalkwijk CG,Houben AJ,Stehouwer CD,Smulders YM,van Hinsbergh VW

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ovarian steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol are well established regulators of human endometrial function. However, more recent evidence suggests that androgens and locally generated steroids, such as the glucocorticoids, also have a significant impact on endometrial breakdown and repair. The temporal and ...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Maybin JA,Critchley HO

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel is composed of two subunits SUR1 and Kir6.2. The channel is key for glucose stimulated insulin release from the pancreatic beta cell. Activating mutations have been identified in the genes encoding these subunits, ABCC8 and KCNJ11, and account for approximately 40% of perma...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Edghill EL,Flanagan SE,Ellard S

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper provides evidence that primary aldosteronism is likely much less common than is believed by the other authors of this collection. The basis for this contrarian view is simple: there is no way to know the true prevalence of PA because of the uncertain validity of all of the diagnostic procedures used to find...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Kaplan NM

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Celiac disease is a chronic enteropathy caused by permanent intolerance to gluten and similar proteins found in wheat, barley and rye. The intestinal mucosa of susceptible individuals is crossed by undigested gluten, which leads to a marked inflammatory response. The clinical features may vary from overt intestinal sy...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Mora S

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children and adolescents worldwide. The high rates of vitamin D deficiency during childhood are of major public health relevance, given the growing evidence that vitamin D deficiency may play a key role in the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases beyond rickets, inclu...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Huh SY,Gordon CM

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin D is a key hormone involved in the regulation of calcium/phosphorous balance and recently it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sub-inflammation, insulin resistance and obesity. The two main forms of vitamin D are cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2): the active form (1,25-dihyd...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Garbossa SG,Folli F

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The response to retention hypothesis outlines the initial stages of atherosclerotic lesion formation. The central theme of the hypothesis is that proteoglycan mediated lipoprotein retention plays a critical step in the initiation of atherosclerosis development. Recent research using human arterial specimens, transgeni...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Tannock LR,King VL

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of convenience-driven delivery via Caesarian-section (C-section) has been steadily increasing in Western as well as in developing societies. Today, significantly more deliveries occur via surgical means than medical necessity mandates. Despite tremendous advances in surgical techniques and pre- and post...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Seli E,Horvath TL

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New insights on the high prevalence of functional decompensation of the thyroid among newborn and children from several states of India as well as neighbouring countries of Nepal and Bhutan helped to prevent nutritional iodine deficiency and iodine deficiency disorders through country-wide iodized salt prophylaxis. Pr...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Kochupillai N,Mehta M

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last 10 years, several studies have shown that the pancreas of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and even of subjects at risk for T1D, was smaller than the pancreas from healthy subjects. This arose the question of the relationships between the endocrine and exocrine parts of the pancreas in T1D pathogenesis...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Alexandre-Heymann L,Mallone R,Boitard C,Scharfmann R,Larger E

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is the most common of the endocrine lines/axis' to be affected by HIV infection. There are multiple factors that contribute to this HPA axis dysregulation. Direct invasion of the various organs in the axis can be either by opportunistic infections or infiltrative diseases....

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： George MM,Bhangoo A

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucokinase is a key enzyme involved in regulating insulin secretion from the pancreatic ß-cell. The unique role of glucokinase in human glucose physiology is illustrated by the fact that genetic mutations in glucokinase can either cause hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia. Heterozygous inactivating mutations in glucokina...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Hussain K

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00