Abstract：
:A clustering of metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, all of which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), occurs more often than by chance. Numerous epidemiological studies, as well as basic researches, have revealed that visceral fat accumulation is closely involved in this risk clustering. This morbid condition is now well recognized as the metabolic syndrome. The concept of the metabolic syndrome, i.e., the involvement of visceral adiposity in the clustering of CVD risk factors, implies that an effective CVD risk reduction will be accomplished by an intervention to reduce visceral fat deposits. The primary strategy of the intervention is lifestyle modification, which can be put into practice in healthcare fields, without necessity of medical treatment. Now that CVD is a leading global health burden, the metabolic syndrome attracts increasing attention in the world. To take global action against the syndrome, several working groups developed its internationally unified diagnostic criteria. Most recently, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) jointly proposed the criteria, although some cautions will be needed in their practical use. In this review, we mainly focus on the findings observed in clinical and epidemiological studies, to discuss a practical strategy of the management of the metabolic syndrome in healthcare fields.
journal_name
Rev Endocr Metab Disordjournal_title
Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disordersauthors
Takahara M,Shimomura Idoi
10.1007/s11154-014-9294-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-12-01 00:00:00pages
317-27issue
4eissn
1389-9155issn
1573-2606journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:New insights on the high prevalence of functional decompensation of the thyroid among newborn and children from several states of India as well as neighbouring countries of Nepal and Bhutan helped to prevent nutritional iodine deficiency and iodine deficiency disorders through country-wide iodized salt prophylaxis. Pr...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-008-9094-0
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is widely acknowledged that compliance and persistence with oral osteoporosis medications, particularly with bisphosphonates, is poor. Several excellent reviews have been written on compliance and persistence with osteoporosis medications and have discussed improvements seen with extended dosing intervals. This rev...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-010-9138-0
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prediabetes is a heterogeneous term that encompasses different origins of insulin resistance and insulin secretion that contribute to distinct patterns of hyperglycemia. In fact, prediabetes is an umbrella term that characterizes individuals at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or cardiovascular disea...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-016-9352-5
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The carcinoid as originally described is part of the relatively large family of neuroendocrine neoplasia found in almost every organ. Historical reasons back their current definitions. Neuroendocrine cancer is most frequently observed in the lung and the digestive tract. In the lung is defined as carcinoid (typical an...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-017-9428-x
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An increasingly pervasive environment of reduced activity and easy access to high caloric food is leading to an epidemic of poor cardiovascular fitness, obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in children. Studies have shown that insulin resistance (IR) to be an independent predictor for morbidity as we...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-009-9109-5
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 13th Acromegaly Consensus Conference was held in November 2019 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and comprised acromegaly experts including endocrinologists and neurosurgeons who considered optimal approaches for multidisciplinary acromegaly management. Focused discussions reviewed techniques, results, and side effects...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-020-09588-z
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Management of patients with ACTH producing pituitary adenoma remains to be challenging. Removal of the pituitary adenoma through transsphenoidal surgery is the main stay of treatment. Complete resection of the adenoma is followed by the development of ACTH deficiency since the normal corticotrophs are suppressed by th...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-010-9140-6
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methionine and folate are the key components of one carbon metabolism, providing the methyl groups for numerous methyl transferase reactions via the ubiquitous methyl donor, s-adenosyl methionine. Methionine metabolism is responsive to nutrient intake, is regulated by several hormones and requires a number of vitamins...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-012-9215-7
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From the age of 2 years, an American child is more likely to consume a sugar-sweetened product than a fruit or vegetable on any given day-a troubling statistic, given that food preferences are established early in childhood, as well as the strong association between this dietary pattern and increased risk of developin...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-016-9360-5
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucokinase is a key enzyme involved in regulating insulin secretion from the pancreatic ß-cell. The unique role of glucokinase in human glucose physiology is illustrated by the fact that genetic mutations in glucokinase can either cause hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia. Heterozygous inactivating mutations in glucokina...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-010-9147-z
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Impulsivity and compulsivity are multidimensional constructs that are increasingly considered determinants of obesity. Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have provided insight on how differences in brain response during tasks exploring facets of impulsivity and compulsivity relate to the ingest...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-019-09515-x
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ectopic Cushing's syndrome usually relates to the ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) and represents ∼20% of ACTH-dependent and ∼10% of all types of Cushing's syndrome (CS). Nearly any neuroendocrine or non-endocrine tumours may be associated with EAS, but the more prevalent tumours are bronchial carcinoids, small cell lung c...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-010-9139-z
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children and adolescents worldwide. The high rates of vitamin D deficiency during childhood are of major public health relevance, given the growing evidence that vitamin D deficiency may play a key role in the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases beyond rickets, inclu...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-007-9072-y
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper provides evidence that primary aldosteronism is likely much less common than is believed by the other authors of this collection. The basis for this contrarian view is simple: there is no way to know the true prevalence of PA because of the uncertain validity of all of the diagnostic procedures used to find...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-011-9160-x
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abnormalities in thyroid function are common endocrine disorders that affect 5-10 % of the general population, with hypothyroidism occurring more frequently than hyperthyroidism. Clinical symptoms and signs are often nonspecific, particularly in hypothyroidism. Muscular symptoms (stiffness, myalgias, cramps, easy fati...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-016-9357-0
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) increases with age. Lately, the diagnosis of NET was mainly caused by early detection of small NET (<1 cm) in the rectum and stomach, which are depicted by chance during routine and prophylactic endoscopy. Also in patients with large and metastatic pancreatic and intestinal...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-018-9469-9
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T3 suppression of TSH subunit gene transcription is an important step in maintaining thyroid hormone homeostasis, and recent investigations have increased our understanding of this process. Thyrotrope-specific proteins play a critical role in TSH subunit gene expression, and influence T3-mediated regulatory mechanisms...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1010008318961
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) has been linked to later development of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Human studies indicate that individuals who were growth retarded at birth have impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Multiple animal models of IUGR demonstrate impaired beta-cell function and devel...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-007-9045-1
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An emerging branch of research is examining the linkage between Vitamin D and nonskeletal disorders, including endocrine diseases. In this regard, a still little studied aspect concerns the involvement of vitamin D in adrenal gland disorders. Adrenal gland disorders, which might be theoretically affected by vitamin D ...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-016-9391-y
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pituitary tumors are among the most common neoplasms in man; they account for approximately 15% of all primary intracranial lesions (Jagannathan et al., Neurosurg Focus, 19:E4, 2005). Although almost never malignant and rarely clinically expressed, pituitary tumors may cause significant morbidity in affected patients....
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-007-9066-9
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lifestyle changes such as dietary habits, sedentary life and consumption of energy-dense foods that have occurred over the years has led to an epidemic of abdominal obesity, which in turn resulted in dramatic increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Different expert panels have provided various definit...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-013-9268-2
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vascular endothelium has been identified as an important component in diabetes-associated complications, which include many cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and peripheral neuropathy. Additionally, insulin's actions on the endothelium are now seen as a major factor in the metabolic ef...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-012-9233-5
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of convenience-driven delivery via Caesarian-section (C-section) has been steadily increasing in Western as well as in developing societies. Today, significantly more deliveries occur via surgical means than medical necessity mandates. Despite tremendous advances in surgical techniques and pre- and post...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-013-9262-8
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors, mainly localized in the gastrointestinal system. What characterizes NENs is the expression of hormone receptors on the tumor cell surface, making them accessible for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches (theranostics) using radiolabelled peptid...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-020-09552-x
更新日期：2020-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The skeletal muscle is one of the major target organs of insulin and plays an essential role in insulin-induced glucose uptake. Some evidence indicates that insulin delivery to skeletal muscle interstitium through the endothelial cells is the rate-limiting step in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Researchers have al...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-013-9242-z
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Incretin hormones are intestinally derived peptides that are known to augment glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and suppress glucagon levels. Incretin mimetics are attractive adjunctive therapy for type 2 diabetes due to its efficacy on reducing hyperglycemia with a minimal risk of hypoglycemia. In contrast to most...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-011-9170-8
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease is characterized by changes in vasoregulation, enhanced generation of reactive oxygen intermediates, inflammatory activation, and altered barrier function. These endothelial alterations contribute to excess cardiovascular disease in diabetes, ...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-013-9239-7
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the dramatically increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide, there is an urgent need for new strategies to combat the growing epidemic of these metabolic diseases. Diet is an essential factor affecting the development of and risk for obesity and T2DM and it can either help or h...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-014-9302-z
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel is composed of two subunits SUR1 and Kir6.2. The channel is key for glucose stimulated insulin release from the pancreatic beta cell. Activating mutations have been identified in the genes encoding these subunits, ABCC8 and KCNJ11, and account for approximately 40% of perma...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-010-9149-x
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The response to retention hypothesis outlines the initial stages of atherosclerotic lesion formation. The central theme of the hypothesis is that proteoglycan mediated lipoprotein retention plays a critical step in the initiation of atherosclerosis development. Recent research using human arterial specimens, transgeni...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-008-9078-0
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
