Abstract:
:Endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease is characterized by changes in vasoregulation, enhanced generation of reactive oxygen intermediates, inflammatory activation, and altered barrier function. These endothelial alterations contribute to excess cardiovascular disease in diabetes, but may also play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, especially type 2. The mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in diabetes differ between type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D): hyperglycemia contributes to endothelial dysfunction in all individuals with diabetes, whereas the causative mechanisms in T2D also include impaired insulin signaling in endothelial cells, dyslipidemia and altered secretion of bioactive substances (adipokines) by adipose tissue. The close association of so-called perivascular adipose tissue with arteries and arterioles facilitates the exposure of vascular endothelium to adipokines, particularly if inflammation activates the adipose tissue. Glucose and adipokines activate specific intracellular signaling pathways in endothelium, which in concert result in endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Here, we review the characteristics of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes, the causative mechanisms involved and the role of endothelial dysfunction(s) in the pathogenesis of T2D. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic potential of endothelial dysfunction in T2D.
journal_name
Rev Endocr Metab Disordjournal_title
Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disordersauthors
Eringa EC,Serne EH,Meijer RI,Schalkwijk CG,Houben AJ,Stehouwer CD,Smulders YM,van Hinsbergh VWdoi
10.1007/s11154-013-9239-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-03-01 00:00:00pages
39-48issue
1eissn
1389-9155issn
1573-2606journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Pituitary tumors are among the most common neoplasms in man; they account for approximately 15% of all primary intracranial lesions (Jagannathan et al., Neurosurg Focus, 19:E4, 2005). Although almost never malignant and rarely clinically expressed, pituitary tumors may cause significant morbidity in affected patients....
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-007-9066-9
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::T3 suppression of TSH subunit gene transcription is an important step in maintaining thyroid hormone homeostasis, and recent investigations have increased our understanding of this process. Thyrotrope-specific proteins play a critical role in TSH subunit gene expression, and influence T3-mediated regulatory mechanisms...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1010008318961
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The carcinoid as originally described is part of the relatively large family of neuroendocrine neoplasia found in almost every organ. Historical reasons back their current definitions. Neuroendocrine cancer is most frequently observed in the lung and the digestive tract. In the lung is defined as carcinoid (typical an...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-017-9428-x
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An emerging branch of research is examining the linkage between Vitamin D and nonskeletal disorders, including endocrine diseases. In this regard, a still little studied aspect concerns the involvement of vitamin D in adrenal gland disorders. Adrenal gland disorders, which might be theoretically affected by vitamin D ...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9391-y
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adiponectin is among the most studied adipokines, the collection of molecules secreted from adipose tissue. It is also one of the most architecturally complex adipokines with its various oligomeric states that include trimers, hexamers, nonamers (9mers), dodecamers (12mers), and octadecamers (18mers). The importance o...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-013-9256-6
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors, mainly localized in the gastrointestinal system. What characterizes NENs is the expression of hormone receptors on the tumor cell surface, making them accessible for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches (theranostics) using radiolabelled peptid...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-020-09552-x
更新日期:2020-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::Deleterious mutations in two breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been identified in breast and ovarian cancer families. Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation are candidates for additional risk reduction measures such as intensive screening, prophylactic surgery or chemoprevention. Addit...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-007-9038-0
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ovarian steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol are well established regulators of human endometrial function. However, more recent evidence suggests that androgens and locally generated steroids, such as the glucocorticoids, also have a significant impact on endometrial breakdown and repair. The temporal and ...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-012-9228-2
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adult endocrinologist may be asked to consult on a patient for unexplained biochemical disturbances that could be caused by an underlying inborn error of metabolism. A genetic disorder is generally less likely to be the cause as these disorders are individually rare, however inborn errors of metabolism are collect...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-018-9444-5
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the adult population is increasing and when explicitly searched within specific groups of patients, as those presenting cardiovascular disease (CVD), dysglycaemia is detected in about three-quarters of the patients. Dysglycaemia alone is a major risk factor for microvascula...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-010-9136-2
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vascular endothelium has been identified as an important component in diabetes-associated complications, which include many cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and peripheral neuropathy. Additionally, insulin's actions on the endothelium are now seen as a major factor in the metabolic ef...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-012-9233-5
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children and adolescents worldwide. The high rates of vitamin D deficiency during childhood are of major public health relevance, given the growing evidence that vitamin D deficiency may play a key role in the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases beyond rickets, inclu...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-007-9072-y
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite their critical role in susceptibility to metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, mechanisms regulating energy balance are extremely complex and far from being fully understood. Both central and peripheral feedback circuits are involved and, despite it was traditionally thought that the energy b...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-020-09565-6
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:We aimed to review and summarize the evidence from accomplished trials analyzing factors influencing mortality in patients with T2DM and to provide some recommendations for targets and treatment in the European region. The following databases were searched for relevant trials: PubMed and the Cochrane Library...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9349-0
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::New insights on the high prevalence of functional decompensation of the thyroid among newborn and children from several states of India as well as neighbouring countries of Nepal and Bhutan helped to prevent nutritional iodine deficiency and iodine deficiency disorders through country-wide iodized salt prophylaxis. Pr...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-008-9094-0
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impulsivity and compulsivity are multidimensional constructs that are increasingly considered determinants of obesity. Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have provided insight on how differences in brain response during tasks exploring facets of impulsivity and compulsivity relate to the ingest...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-019-09515-x
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Weight gain at the outset of prolactinomas in many women is well documented. Yet, this symptom is absent from the clinical descriptions of the disease in textbooks and reviews. This omission is almost certainly due to the absence of a physiological explanation for the phenomenon, as prolactin is not a recognized fat p...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-019-09503-1
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormalities in thyroid function are common endocrine disorders that affect 5-10 % of the general population, with hypothyroidism occurring more frequently than hyperthyroidism. Clinical symptoms and signs are often nonspecific, particularly in hypothyroidism. Muscular symptoms (stiffness, myalgias, cramps, easy fati...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9357-0
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adipose tissue (AT) is multifunctional, acting as an endocrine tissue and participating in the regulation of the organism's homeostasis. Metabolic, endocrine and inflammatory mechanisms are tightly intertwined within the AT, regulating its function. Disruption of the equilibrium among these mechanisms leads to pat...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9342-7
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin D is a key hormone involved in the regulation of calcium/phosphorous balance and recently it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sub-inflammation, insulin resistance and obesity. The two main forms of vitamin D are cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2): the active form (1,25-dihyd...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-017-9423-2
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An increasingly pervasive environment of reduced activity and easy access to high caloric food is leading to an epidemic of poor cardiovascular fitness, obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in children. Studies have shown that insulin resistance (IR) to be an independent predictor for morbidity as we...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-009-9109-5
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Celiac disease is a chronic enteropathy caused by permanent intolerance to gluten and similar proteins found in wheat, barley and rye. The intestinal mucosa of susceptible individuals is crossed by undigested gluten, which leads to a marked inflammatory response. The clinical features may vary from overt intestinal sy...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-007-9069-6
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) has been linked to later development of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Human studies indicate that individuals who were growth retarded at birth have impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Multiple animal models of IUGR demonstrate impaired beta-cell function and devel...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-007-9045-1
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel is composed of two subunits SUR1 and Kir6.2. The channel is key for glucose stimulated insulin release from the pancreatic beta cell. Activating mutations have been identified in the genes encoding these subunits, ABCC8 and KCNJ11, and account for approximately 40% of perma...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-010-9149-x
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). One theory to explain this relationship proposes that OSA can induce systemic inflammation, thereby inducing CVD. This theory is based on the premise that obesity is a pro-inflammatory state, and that physiological derange...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-014-9304-x
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the dramatically increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide, there is an urgent need for new strategies to combat the growing epidemic of these metabolic diseases. Diet is an essential factor affecting the development of and risk for obesity and T2DM and it can either help or h...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-014-9302-z
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methionine and folate are the key components of one carbon metabolism, providing the methyl groups for numerous methyl transferase reactions via the ubiquitous methyl donor, s-adenosyl methionine. Methionine metabolism is responsive to nutrient intake, is regulated by several hormones and requires a number of vitamins...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-012-9215-7
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last 10 years, several studies have shown that the pancreas of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and even of subjects at risk for T1D, was smaller than the pancreas from healthy subjects. This arose the question of the relationships between the endocrine and exocrine parts of the pancreas in T1D pathogenesis...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-019-09501-3
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ectopic Cushing's syndrome usually relates to the ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) and represents ∼20% of ACTH-dependent and ∼10% of all types of Cushing's syndrome (CS). Nearly any neuroendocrine or non-endocrine tumours may be associated with EAS, but the more prevalent tumours are bronchial carcinoids, small cell lung c...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-010-9139-z
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A clustering of metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, all of which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), occurs more often than by chance. Numerous epidemiological studies, as well as basic researches, have revealed that visceral fat accumulation is close...
journal_title:Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11154-014-9294-8
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00