Determinants of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: a review.

abstract：:The peak in incidence for schizophrenia is during late adolescence for both sexes, but within this time frame the peak is both earlier and steeper for males. Additionally, women have a second peak in incidence following menopause. Two meta-analyses have reported that men have an overall ∼40% greater chance of developi...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Markham JA

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, progressive, incompletely understood metabolic disorder whose prevalence has been increasing steadily worldwide. Even though little attention has been paid to lung disorders in the context of diabetes, its prevalence has recently been challenged by newer studies of disease development. ...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Kolahian S,Leiss V,Nürnberg B

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children and adolescents worldwide. The high rates of vitamin D deficiency during childhood are of major public health relevance, given the growing evidence that vitamin D deficiency may play a key role in the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases beyond rickets, inclu...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Huh SY,Gordon CM

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely acknowledged that compliance and persistence with oral osteoporosis medications, particularly with bisphosphonates, is poor. Several excellent reviews have been written on compliance and persistence with osteoporosis medications and have discussed improvements seen with extended dosing intervals. This rev...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Silverman S,Gold DT

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders characterized by androgen excess, oligo-ovulation and polycystic ovaries. Although ovaries are the main source of increased androgens in the syndrome, between 20 and 30% of patients with PCOS have adrenal androgen (AA) excess, detectable pr...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Yildiz BO,Azziz R

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An increasingly pervasive environment of reduced activity and easy access to high caloric food is leading to an epidemic of poor cardiovascular fitness, obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in children. Studies have shown that insulin resistance (IR) to be an independent predictor for morbidity as we...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Carrel AL,Allen DB

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Weight gain at the outset of prolactinomas in many women is well documented. Yet, this symptom is absent from the clinical descriptions of the disease in textbooks and reviews. This omission is almost certainly due to the absence of a physiological explanation for the phenomenon, as prolactin is not a recognized fat p...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Sobrinho LG,Horseman ND

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Management of patients with ACTH producing pituitary adenoma remains to be challenging. Removal of the pituitary adenoma through transsphenoidal surgery is the main stay of treatment. Complete resection of the adenoma is followed by the development of ACTH deficiency since the normal corticotrophs are suppressed by th...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： AbdelMannan D,Selman WR,Arafah BM

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) increases with age. Lately, the diagnosis of NET was mainly caused by early detection of small NET (<1 cm) in the rectum and stomach, which are depicted by chance during routine and prophylactic endoscopy. Also in patients with large and metastatic pancreatic and intestinal...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Goretzki PE,Mogl MT,Akca A,Pratschke J

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adiponectin is among the most studied adipokines, the collection of molecules secreted from adipose tissue. It is also one of the most architecturally complex adipokines with its various oligomeric states that include trimers, hexamers, nonamers (9mers), dodecamers (12mers), and octadecamers (18mers). The importance o...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Tsao TS

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease is characterized by changes in vasoregulation, enhanced generation of reactive oxygen intermediates, inflammatory activation, and altered barrier function. These endothelial alterations contribute to excess cardiovascular disease in diabetes, ...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Eringa EC,Serne EH,Meijer RI,Schalkwijk CG,Houben AJ,Stehouwer CD,Smulders YM,van Hinsbergh VW

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lifestyle changes such as dietary habits, sedentary life and consumption of energy-dense foods that have occurred over the years has led to an epidemic of abdominal obesity, which in turn resulted in dramatic increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Different expert panels have provided various definit...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Kumar PA,Chitra PS,Reddy GB

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The last decade has been characterized by an intense research on the composition of the gut microbiome and the links with human health. While previous work was focused on the effects of prebiotics and probiotics, nowadays several laboratories are describing the gut microbiome and its metabolic functions. Gut microbiom...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Kappel BA,Federici M

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite their critical role in susceptibility to metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, mechanisms regulating energy balance are extremely complex and far from being fully understood. Both central and peripheral feedback circuits are involved and, despite it was traditionally thought that the energy b...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Vettor R,Di Vincenzo A,Maffei P,Rossato M

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The response to retention hypothesis outlines the initial stages of atherosclerotic lesion formation. The central theme of the hypothesis is that proteoglycan mediated lipoprotein retention plays a critical step in the initiation of atherosclerosis development. Recent research using human arterial specimens, transgeni...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Tannock LR,King VL

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From the age of 2 years, an American child is more likely to consume a sugar-sweetened product than a fruit or vegetable on any given day-a troubling statistic, given that food preferences are established early in childhood, as well as the strong association between this dietary pattern and increased risk of developin...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Mennella JA,Bobowski NK,Reed DR

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abdominal obesity and elevated blood pressure commonly occur in the same patient and are key components of the metabolic syndrome. However, the association between obesity and increased blood pressure is variable. We review mechanisms linking cardiovascular and metabolic disease in such patients including altered syst...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Jordan J,Birkenfeld AL

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methionine and folate are the key components of one carbon metabolism, providing the methyl groups for numerous methyl transferase reactions via the ubiquitous methyl donor, s-adenosyl methionine. Methionine metabolism is responsive to nutrient intake, is regulated by several hormones and requires a number of vitamins...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Kalhan SC,Marczewski SE

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucokinase is a key enzyme involved in regulating insulin secretion from the pancreatic ß-cell. The unique role of glucokinase in human glucose physiology is illustrated by the fact that genetic mutations in glucokinase can either cause hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia. Heterozygous inactivating mutations in glucokina...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Hussain K

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel is composed of two subunits SUR1 and Kir6.2. The channel is key for glucose stimulated insulin release from the pancreatic beta cell. Activating mutations have been identified in the genes encoding these subunits, ABCC8 and KCNJ11, and account for approximately 40% of perma...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Edghill EL,Flanagan SE,Ellard S

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The carcinoid as originally described is part of the relatively large family of neuroendocrine neoplasia found in almost every organ. Historical reasons back their current definitions. Neuroendocrine cancer is most frequently observed in the lung and the digestive tract. In the lung is defined as carcinoid (typical an...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Inzani F,Petrone G,Fadda G,Rindi G

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New insights on the high prevalence of functional decompensation of the thyroid among newborn and children from several states of India as well as neighbouring countries of Nepal and Bhutan helped to prevent nutritional iodine deficiency and iodine deficiency disorders through country-wide iodized salt prophylaxis. Pr...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Kochupillai N,Mehta M

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the adult population is increasing and when explicitly searched within specific groups of patients, as those presenting cardiovascular disease (CVD), dysglycaemia is detected in about three-quarters of the patients. Dysglycaemia alone is a major risk factor for microvascula...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Anselmino M,Malmberg K,Mellbin L,Rydén L

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The skeletal muscle is one of the major target organs of insulin and plays an essential role in insulin-induced glucose uptake. Some evidence indicates that insulin delivery to skeletal muscle interstitium through the endothelial cells is the rate-limiting step in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Researchers have al...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Kubota T,Kubota N,Kadowaki T

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deleterious mutations in two breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been identified in breast and ovarian cancer families. Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation are candidates for additional risk reduction measures such as intensive screening, prophylactic surgery or chemoprevention. Addit...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Bradbury AR,Olopade OI

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is the most common of the endocrine lines/axis' to be affected by HIV infection. There are multiple factors that contribute to this HPA axis dysregulation. Direct invasion of the various organs in the axis can be either by opportunistic infections or infiltrative diseases....

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： George MM,Bhangoo A

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 13th Acromegaly Consensus Conference was held in November 2019 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and comprised acromegaly experts including endocrinologists and neurosurgeons who considered optimal approaches for multidisciplinary acromegaly management. Focused discussions reviewed techniques, results, and side effects...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Giustina A,Barkhoudarian G,Beckers A,Ben-Shlomo A,Biermasz N,Biller B,Boguszewski C,Bolanowski M,Bollerslev J,Bonert V,Bronstein MD,Buchfelder M,Casanueva F,Chanson P,Clemmons D,Fleseriu M,Formenti AM,Freda P,Gadelha

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) has been linked to later development of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Human studies indicate that individuals who were growth retarded at birth have impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Multiple animal models of IUGR demonstrate impaired beta-cell function and devel...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Simmons RA

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last 10 years, several studies have shown that the pancreas of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and even of subjects at risk for T1D, was smaller than the pancreas from healthy subjects. This arose the question of the relationships between the endocrine and exocrine parts of the pancreas in T1D pathogenesis...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Alexandre-Heymann L,Mallone R,Boitard C,Scharfmann R,Larger E

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ectopic Cushing's syndrome usually relates to the ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) and represents ∼20% of ACTH-dependent and ∼10% of all types of Cushing's syndrome (CS). Nearly any neuroendocrine or non-endocrine tumours may be associated with EAS, but the more prevalent tumours are bronchial carcinoids, small cell lung c...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Alexandraki KI,Grossman AB

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00