Overview of the importance of glycaemic control for cardiovascular events in the in-and out-patient setting.

abstract：:Abnormalities in thyroid function are common endocrine disorders that affect 5-10 % of the general population, with hypothyroidism occurring more frequently than hyperthyroidism. Clinical symptoms and signs are often nonspecific, particularly in hypothyroidism. Muscular symptoms (stiffness, myalgias, cramps, easy fati...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Sindoni A,Rodolico C,Pappalardo MA,Portaro S,Benvenga S

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The peak in incidence for schizophrenia is during late adolescence for both sexes, but within this time frame the peak is both earlier and steeper for males. Additionally, women have a second peak in incidence following menopause. Two meta-analyses have reported that men have an overall ∼40% greater chance of developi...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Markham JA

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper provides evidence that primary aldosteronism is likely much less common than is believed by the other authors of this collection. The basis for this contrarian view is simple: there is no way to know the true prevalence of PA because of the uncertain validity of all of the diagnostic procedures used to find...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Kaplan NM

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adiponectin is among the most studied adipokines, the collection of molecules secreted from adipose tissue. It is also one of the most architecturally complex adipokines with its various oligomeric states that include trimers, hexamers, nonamers (9mers), dodecamers (12mers), and octadecamers (18mers). The importance o...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Tsao TS

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From the age of 2 years, an American child is more likely to consume a sugar-sweetened product than a fruit or vegetable on any given day-a troubling statistic, given that food preferences are established early in childhood, as well as the strong association between this dietary pattern and increased risk of developin...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Mennella JA,Bobowski NK,Reed DR

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders characterized by androgen excess, oligo-ovulation and polycystic ovaries. Although ovaries are the main source of increased androgens in the syndrome, between 20 and 30% of patients with PCOS have adrenal androgen (AA) excess, detectable pr...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Yildiz BO,Azziz R

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of both type 2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus has been increasing worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency, or the awareness of its prevalence, has also been increasing. Vitamin D may have a role in the pathogenic mechanisms predisposing to type 2 diabetes by modulating insulin resistance and/or pancreatic β-cell f...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Grammatiki M,Rapti E,Karras S,Ajjan RA,Kotsa K

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin D is a key hormone involved in the regulation of calcium/phosphorous balance and recently it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sub-inflammation, insulin resistance and obesity. The two main forms of vitamin D are cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2): the active form (1,25-dihyd...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Garbossa SG,Folli F

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New insights on the high prevalence of functional decompensation of the thyroid among newborn and children from several states of India as well as neighbouring countries of Nepal and Bhutan helped to prevent nutritional iodine deficiency and iodine deficiency disorders through country-wide iodized salt prophylaxis. Pr...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Kochupillai N,Mehta M

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ovarian steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol are well established regulators of human endometrial function. However, more recent evidence suggests that androgens and locally generated steroids, such as the glucocorticoids, also have a significant impact on endometrial breakdown and repair. The temporal and ...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Maybin JA,Critchley HO

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Celiac disease is a chronic enteropathy caused by permanent intolerance to gluten and similar proteins found in wheat, barley and rye. The intestinal mucosa of susceptible individuals is crossed by undigested gluten, which leads to a marked inflammatory response. The clinical features may vary from overt intestinal sy...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Mora S

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone health is a major lifelong concern in caring for women and girls with Turner syndrome (TS). There is an approximately 25% increase in fracture risk most of which is related to medium or high impact trauma. The long bones, especially of the forearm are predominantly affected. This fact may be due to a selective co...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Bakalov VK,Bondy CA

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children and adolescents worldwide. The high rates of vitamin D deficiency during childhood are of major public health relevance, given the growing evidence that vitamin D deficiency may play a key role in the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases beyond rickets, inclu...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Huh SY,Gordon CM

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and has become a major public health concern. Autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) and insulin resistant type 2 diabetes (T2D) are the two main types. A combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the development of th...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Tai N,Wong FS,Wen L

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors, mainly localized in the gastrointestinal system. What characterizes NENs is the expression of hormone receptors on the tumor cell surface, making them accessible for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches (theranostics) using radiolabelled peptid...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Refardt J,Hofland J,Kwadwo A,Nicolas GP,Rottenburger C,Fani M,Wild D,Christ E

更新日期：2020-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The 13th Acromegaly Consensus Conference was held in November 2019 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and comprised acromegaly experts including endocrinologists and neurosurgeons who considered optimal approaches for multidisciplinary acromegaly management. Focused discussions reviewed techniques, results, and side effects...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Giustina A,Barkhoudarian G,Beckers A,Ben-Shlomo A,Biermasz N,Biller B,Boguszewski C,Bolanowski M,Bollerslev J,Bonert V,Bronstein MD,Buchfelder M,Casanueva F,Chanson P,Clemmons D,Fleseriu M,Formenti AM,Freda P,Gadelha

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The adult endocrinologist may be asked to consult on a patient for unexplained biochemical disturbances that could be caused by an underlying inborn error of metabolism. A genetic disorder is generally less likely to be the cause as these disorders are individually rare, however inborn errors of metabolism are collect...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Tchan M

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the dramatically increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide, there is an urgent need for new strategies to combat the growing epidemic of these metabolic diseases. Diet is an essential factor affecting the development of and risk for obesity and T2DM and it can either help or h...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Guo H,Ling W

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) increases with age. Lately, the diagnosis of NET was mainly caused by early detection of small NET (<1 cm) in the rectum and stomach, which are depicted by chance during routine and prophylactic endoscopy. Also in patients with large and metastatic pancreatic and intestinal...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Goretzki PE,Mogl MT,Akca A,Pratschke J

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deleterious mutations in two breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been identified in breast and ovarian cancer families. Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation are candidates for additional risk reduction measures such as intensive screening, prophylactic surgery or chemoprevention. Addit...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Bradbury AR,Olopade OI

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The adipose tissue (AT) is multifunctional, acting as an endocrine tissue and participating in the regulation of the organism's homeostasis. Metabolic, endocrine and inflammatory mechanisms are tightly intertwined within the AT, regulating its function. Disruption of the equilibrium among these mechanisms leads to pat...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Alexaki VI,Chavakis T

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:We aimed to review and summarize the evidence from accomplished trials analyzing factors influencing mortality in patients with T2DM and to provide some recommendations for targets and treatment in the European region. The following databases were searched for relevant trials: PubMed and the Cochrane Library...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Engelmann J,Manuwald U,Rubach C,Kugler J,Birkenfeld AL,Hanefeld M,Rothe U

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite their critical role in susceptibility to metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, mechanisms regulating energy balance are extremely complex and far from being fully understood. Both central and peripheral feedback circuits are involved and, despite it was traditionally thought that the energy b...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Vettor R,Di Vincenzo A,Maffei P,Rossato M

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coronary artery disease (CAD) continues to be the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In recent years, the strategies for treatment of CAD in DM have undergone much evolution. Currently, all patients with DM, regardless of symptoms or diagnosed CAD, are treated aggress...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Patel NB,Balady GJ

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The response to retention hypothesis outlines the initial stages of atherosclerotic lesion formation. The central theme of the hypothesis is that proteoglycan mediated lipoprotein retention plays a critical step in the initiation of atherosclerosis development. Recent research using human arterial specimens, transgeni...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Tannock LR,King VL

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The carcinoid as originally described is part of the relatively large family of neuroendocrine neoplasia found in almost every organ. Historical reasons back their current definitions. Neuroendocrine cancer is most frequently observed in the lung and the digestive tract. In the lung is defined as carcinoid (typical an...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Inzani F,Petrone G,Fadda G,Rindi G

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely acknowledged that compliance and persistence with oral osteoporosis medications, particularly with bisphosphonates, is poor. Several excellent reviews have been written on compliance and persistence with osteoporosis medications and have discussed improvements seen with extended dosing intervals. This rev...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Silverman S,Gold DT

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last 10 years, several studies have shown that the pancreas of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and even of subjects at risk for T1D, was smaller than the pancreas from healthy subjects. This arose the question of the relationships between the endocrine and exocrine parts of the pancreas in T1D pathogenesis...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Alexandre-Heymann L,Mallone R,Boitard C,Scharfmann R,Larger E

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The last decade has been characterized by an intense research on the composition of the gut microbiome and the links with human health. While previous work was focused on the effects of prebiotics and probiotics, nowadays several laboratories are describing the gut microbiome and its metabolic functions. Gut microbiom...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Kappel BA,Federici M

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of convenience-driven delivery via Caesarian-section (C-section) has been steadily increasing in Western as well as in developing societies. Today, significantly more deliveries occur via surgical means than medical necessity mandates. Despite tremendous advances in surgical techniques and pre- and post...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Seli E,Horvath TL

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00