The role of gut microbiota in the development of type 1, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.

abstract：:Abdominal obesity and elevated blood pressure commonly occur in the same patient and are key components of the metabolic syndrome. However, the association between obesity and increased blood pressure is variable. We review mechanisms linking cardiovascular and metabolic disease in such patients including altered syst...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Jordan J,Birkenfeld AL

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Weight gain at the outset of prolactinomas in many women is well documented. Yet, this symptom is absent from the clinical descriptions of the disease in textbooks and reviews. This omission is almost certainly due to the absence of a physiological explanation for the phenomenon, as prolactin is not a recognized fat p...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Sobrinho LG,Horseman ND

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Celiac disease is a chronic enteropathy caused by permanent intolerance to gluten and similar proteins found in wheat, barley and rye. The intestinal mucosa of susceptible individuals is crossed by undigested gluten, which leads to a marked inflammatory response. The clinical features may vary from overt intestinal sy...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Mora S

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite their critical role in susceptibility to metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, mechanisms regulating energy balance are extremely complex and far from being fully understood. Both central and peripheral feedback circuits are involved and, despite it was traditionally thought that the energy b...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Vettor R,Di Vincenzo A,Maffei P,Rossato M

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucokinase is a key enzyme involved in regulating insulin secretion from the pancreatic ß-cell. The unique role of glucokinase in human glucose physiology is illustrated by the fact that genetic mutations in glucokinase can either cause hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia. Heterozygous inactivating mutations in glucokina...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Hussain K

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myo-inositol (Myo-Ins) plays an important role in thyroid function and autoimmunity. Myo-Ins is the precursor for the synthesis of phosphoinositides, which takes part in the phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) signal transduction pathway, and plays a decisive role in several cellular processes. In the thyroid cells, PtdIns ...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Fallahi P,Ferrari SM,Elia G,Ragusa F,Paparo SR,Caruso C,Guglielmi G,Antonelli A

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vascular endothelium has been identified as an important component in diabetes-associated complications, which include many cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and peripheral neuropathy. Additionally, insulin's actions on the endothelium are now seen as a major factor in the metabolic ef...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Kolka CM,Bergman RN

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children and adolescents worldwide. The high rates of vitamin D deficiency during childhood are of major public health relevance, given the growing evidence that vitamin D deficiency may play a key role in the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases beyond rickets, inclu...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Huh SY,Gordon CM

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Impulsivity and compulsivity are multidimensional constructs that are increasingly considered determinants of obesity. Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have provided insight on how differences in brain response during tasks exploring facets of impulsivity and compulsivity relate to the ingest...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Steward T,Miranda-Olivos R,Soriano-Mas C,Fernández-Aranda F

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adiponectin is among the most studied adipokines, the collection of molecules secreted from adipose tissue. It is also one of the most architecturally complex adipokines with its various oligomeric states that include trimers, hexamers, nonamers (9mers), dodecamers (12mers), and octadecamers (18mers). The importance o...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Tsao TS

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors, mainly localized in the gastrointestinal system. What characterizes NENs is the expression of hormone receptors on the tumor cell surface, making them accessible for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches (theranostics) using radiolabelled peptid...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Refardt J,Hofland J,Kwadwo A,Nicolas GP,Rottenburger C,Fani M,Wild D,Christ E

更新日期：2020-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The ovarian steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol are well established regulators of human endometrial function. However, more recent evidence suggests that androgens and locally generated steroids, such as the glucocorticoids, also have a significant impact on endometrial breakdown and repair. The temporal and ...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Maybin JA,Critchley HO

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The skeletal muscle is one of the major target organs of insulin and plays an essential role in insulin-induced glucose uptake. Some evidence indicates that insulin delivery to skeletal muscle interstitium through the endothelial cells is the rate-limiting step in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Researchers have al...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Kubota T,Kubota N,Kadowaki T

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The response to retention hypothesis outlines the initial stages of atherosclerotic lesion formation. The central theme of the hypothesis is that proteoglycan mediated lipoprotein retention plays a critical step in the initiation of atherosclerosis development. Recent research using human arterial specimens, transgeni...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Tannock LR,King VL

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Management of patients with ACTH producing pituitary adenoma remains to be challenging. Removal of the pituitary adenoma through transsphenoidal surgery is the main stay of treatment. Complete resection of the adenoma is followed by the development of ACTH deficiency since the normal corticotrophs are suppressed by th...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： AbdelMannan D,Selman WR,Arafah BM

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, progressive, incompletely understood metabolic disorder whose prevalence has been increasing steadily worldwide. Even though little attention has been paid to lung disorders in the context of diabetes, its prevalence has recently been challenged by newer studies of disease development. ...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Kolahian S,Leiss V,Nürnberg B

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coronary artery disease (CAD) continues to be the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In recent years, the strategies for treatment of CAD in DM have undergone much evolution. Currently, all patients with DM, regardless of symptoms or diagnosed CAD, are treated aggress...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Patel NB,Balady GJ

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the adult population is increasing and when explicitly searched within specific groups of patients, as those presenting cardiovascular disease (CVD), dysglycaemia is detected in about three-quarters of the patients. Dysglycaemia alone is a major risk factor for microvascula...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Anselmino M,Malmberg K,Mellbin L,Rydén L

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin D is a key hormone involved in the regulation of calcium/phosphorous balance and recently it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sub-inflammation, insulin resistance and obesity. The two main forms of vitamin D are cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2): the active form (1,25-dihyd...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Garbossa SG,Folli F

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T3 suppression of TSH subunit gene transcription is an important step in maintaining thyroid hormone homeostasis, and recent investigations have increased our understanding of this process. Thyrotrope-specific proteins play a critical role in TSH subunit gene expression, and influence T3-mediated regulatory mechanisms...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Shupnik MA

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The peak in incidence for schizophrenia is during late adolescence for both sexes, but within this time frame the peak is both earlier and steeper for males. Additionally, women have a second peak in incidence following menopause. Two meta-analyses have reported that men have an overall ∼40% greater chance of developi...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Markham JA

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abnormalities in thyroid function are common endocrine disorders that affect 5-10 % of the general population, with hypothyroidism occurring more frequently than hyperthyroidism. Clinical symptoms and signs are often nonspecific, particularly in hypothyroidism. Muscular symptoms (stiffness, myalgias, cramps, easy fati...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Sindoni A,Rodolico C,Pappalardo MA,Portaro S,Benvenga S

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel is composed of two subunits SUR1 and Kir6.2. The channel is key for glucose stimulated insulin release from the pancreatic beta cell. Activating mutations have been identified in the genes encoding these subunits, ABCC8 and KCNJ11, and account for approximately 40% of perma...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Edghill EL,Flanagan SE,Ellard S

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Incretin hormones are intestinally derived peptides that are known to augment glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and suppress glucagon levels. Incretin mimetics are attractive adjunctive therapy for type 2 diabetes due to its efficacy on reducing hyperglycemia with a minimal risk of hypoglycemia. In contrast to most...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Tong J,Sandoval DA

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term "HCV syndrome" encompasses several organ- and systemic pathophysiological states, which often recognize autoimmunity or neoplastic evolution in their pathophysiology, as well as chronic HCV infection as trigger. The clinical features of HCV patients are heterogenous, and may include endocrine or metabolic dis...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Colaci M,Malatino L,Antonelli A,Fallahi P,Giuggioli D,Ferri C

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone health is a major lifelong concern in caring for women and girls with Turner syndrome (TS). There is an approximately 25% increase in fracture risk most of which is related to medium or high impact trauma. The long bones, especially of the forearm are predominantly affected. This fact may be due to a selective co...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Bakalov VK,Bondy CA

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ectopic Cushing's syndrome usually relates to the ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) and represents ∼20% of ACTH-dependent and ∼10% of all types of Cushing's syndrome (CS). Nearly any neuroendocrine or non-endocrine tumours may be associated with EAS, but the more prevalent tumours are bronchial carcinoids, small cell lung c...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Alexandraki KI,Grossman AB

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is the most common of the endocrine lines/axis' to be affected by HIV infection. There are multiple factors that contribute to this HPA axis dysregulation. Direct invasion of the various organs in the axis can be either by opportunistic infections or infiltrative diseases....

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： George MM,Bhangoo A

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prediabetes is a heterogeneous term that encompasses different origins of insulin resistance and insulin secretion that contribute to distinct patterns of hyperglycemia. In fact, prediabetes is an umbrella term that characterizes individuals at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or cardiovascular disea...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Malin SK,Liu Z,Barrett EJ,Weltman A

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An emerging branch of research is examining the linkage between Vitamin D and nonskeletal disorders, including endocrine diseases. In this regard, a still little studied aspect concerns the involvement of vitamin D in adrenal gland disorders. Adrenal gland disorders, which might be theoretically affected by vitamin D ...

journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

authors： Tirabassi G,Salvio G,Altieri B,Ronchi CL,Della Casa S,Pontecorvi A,Balercia G

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00