Abstract：
:In this review, we summarize and discuss some key findings from the study of naturally occurring autoantibodies. The B-cell compartment of the immune system appears to recognize almost all endogenous and environmental antigens. This ability is accomplished principally through autopolyreactive humoral and cellular immune receptors. This extended autopolyreactivity (1) along immunoglobulin gene recombination contributes to the immune system's ability to recognize a very large number of self and non-self constituents; and (2) generates a vast immune network that creates communication channels between the organism's interior and exterior. Thus, the immune system continuously evolves depending on the internal and external stimuli it encounters. Furthermore, this far-reaching network's existence implies activities resembling those of classical biological factors or activities that modulate the function of other classical biological factors. A few such antibodies have already been found. Another important concept is that natural autoantibodies are highly dependent on the presence or absence of commensal microbes in the organism. These results are in line with past and recent findings showing the fundamental influence of the microbiota on proper immune system development, and necessitate the existence of a host-microbe homeostasis. This homeostasis requires that the participating humoral and cellular receptors are able to recognize self-antigens and commensal microbes without damaging them. Autopolyreactive immune receptors expressing low affinity for both types of antigens fulfil this role. The immune system appears to play a holistic role similar to that of the nervous system.
journal_name
Scand J Immunoljournal_title
Scandinavian journal of immunologyauthors
Avrameas Sdoi
10.1111/sji.12414subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-04-01 00:00:00pages
227-34issue
4eissn
0300-9475issn
1365-3083journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Chlamydia pneumoniae initiates infection in humans via the mucosal epithelia of the respiratory tract; therefore, immunity at this mucosal site is believed to be important to control infection with this pathogen. We compared the protective capacity of immunization in mice with two C. pneumoniae antigens, namely the ma...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01725.x
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the aim of investigating the distribution of T cells expressing different T-cell receptors (TCR) in the inflamed synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis patients, we have used the polymerase chain reaction to amplify TCR V alpha and V beta transcripts from synovial biopsies obtained by arthroscopy from patients w...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02846.x
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The J-chain content of 3 IgM and 24 IgA preparations was quantitated by an immunochemical technique after reduction with 20mM dithiothreitol. The amounts released ranged from undetectable (less than 0.1 mg) to 7.3 mg per 100 mg of Ig. Most of the J-chain-deficient proteins were monomeric, but four polymeric IgA prepar...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1976.tb00295.x
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main object of this study was to see whether or not chromatin constituents are present in cell membranes. The binding of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) to plasma membranes of leucocytes was studied by using autoantibodies and induced antibodies to different histones and histone peptides, and autoantibodies to double...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01093.x
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peripheral CD4 T-cell depletion has been observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). To investigate more accurately this alteration, we studied peripheral blood CD45RA(+) and CD29(high) CD4 subsets in 79 TB patients with (HIV(+)TB(+)) or without (HIV(-)TB(+)) HIV ...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00832.x
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a risk factor for thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). We sought whether a severe deficiency in ADAMTS13, the enzyme specifically involved in the cleavage of von Willebrand factor, was associated with specific presenting features and outcome in HIV-associated TMA. In this p...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.2008.02143.x
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Native agarose beads (diameter 5-10 micron), activators of the alternative complement pathway, are slowly phagocytosed when incubated with human monocytes cultured under serum-free conditions. Agarose beads preincubated with monocyte cultures and then transferred to new cultures are more easily phagocytosed than nativ...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01971.x
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T helper 17 (TH17) cells have well-described roles in autoimmune diseases. The immune modulations of development and function of TH17 have become a key issue. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the direct and indirect signalling regulatory mechanisms of TH17 cells in the general mouse model of ...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02686.x
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells form part of the vertebrate defence against viruses and tumours, but show only limited specificity. The molecule(s) recognized by NK cells on target cells are at present unknown. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen concentration on target cells is inversely correlated with ...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01184.x
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals and in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, or plasmacytomas of patients with multiple myeloma were enumerated by a protein-A plaque-forming cell assay after treatment with anti-Ia antibody and complement. Rabbit anti-human B-cell antise...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1982.tb00685.x
更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conditions for the cloning of alloactivated human lymphocytes by limiting dilution in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL 2) and filler cells have been investigated. Cloning efficiencies were extremely high (at least 40%) when IL 2 derived from pooled peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM), stimulated with phytohaemag...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Factor B is an essential component of the complement cascade which forms the C3 and C5 convertase of the alternative pathway. Factor B cleavage products also function as cofactors in antibody-independent monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, macrophage spreading, plasminogen activation and proliferation of B lymphocytes. Se...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00313.x
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three strains of mice bearing the autosomal recessive lpr gene (MRL, C57BL/6, and C3H) that had spontaneously developed a lupus-like disease were studied sequentially for functional natural killer (NK) and natural cytotoxic (NC) cell activity. Natural killing was impaired in spleen and bone marrow cells from all the l...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb03073.x
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we analyse the ability of soluble immune complexes (IC) prepared with cationized antibodies to induce cytotoxic responses mediated by neutrophils. While cationized IC induced high levels of cytotoxicity, control IC induced very low levels of response. Inhibition of cytotoxicity by catalase but not by three haemen...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb01755.x
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD27 has been found to be expressed on somatically mutated B cells and is thus a positive marker for memory B cells in peripheral blood (PB). Since abnormal immunogloblin (Ig) production is characteristic of the autoimmune diseases primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we have analyzed in det...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00989.x
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was designed to identify a possible new class of pathogen-recognition proteins that bind single-base oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) ligands. Binding by the teleost natural killer cell equivalent [referred to as nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC)] was compared with mammalian cells (mouse RAW264.7 cells and...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01455.x
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have sequenced the variable heavy chain regions of a number of VH4-21 encoded monoclonal IgM anti-Rh(D) antibodies produced in response to deliberate immunization. These were compared with the sequences of similarly encoded IgM anti-I cold agglutinins (CA) derived from patients with lympho-proliferative diseases. T...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03630.x
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production as a measure of cellular sensitization was studied by detection of the cytokine in culture supernatant by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by measuring cellular mRNA using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. These assays were compared to the standard...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-144.x
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 10 blood samples from mothers who were studied after the delivery of a male infant and who had Y-body-containing cells in their circulations (mean value, 0.06%) the proportions of surface-Ig- and Y-body-positive lymphocytes were determined after passage through nylon wool. In each case one part of the sample was tr...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1975.tb02627.x
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mouse monoclonal antibodies against ED sequence-containing cellular fibronectin (cFn) were used to show that Fn in the inflamed synovium is distinct from the major form of plasma Fn (pFn). An accumulation of cFn was seen at sites of hyperplasia of the rheumatoid synovial membrane and in the walls of small vessels in t...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02802.x
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sendai virus envelope-mediated fusion was used to transfer plasma membrane vesicles of ESb lymphoma cells (H-2d) to syngeneic or allogeneic recipient cells. After fusion, ESb-specific cell surface determinants were detectable on the recipient cells, as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence and cytofluorographic anal...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb01000.x
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies performed in Seattle, USA have suggested that pretransplant assignment of high or low donor alloreactivity may predict acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) after allogeneic HLA identical marrow transplantation for acute leukaemia. The effect of such pretransplant assignment was studied in a Scandinav...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02868.x
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) were described as playing a decisive role in amyloidogenesis. A relationship between the amyloid enhancing factor (AEF) and MPS cells was suggested and recently AEF activity was attributed to a serine esterase (SE) of leucocytic origin. In the present study, no correlat...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01525.x
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A truncated form of the class II antigen DR alpha chain of the human major histocompatibility complex was produced in bacteria. A cDNA clone encoding the intact chain was modified so that the segment encoding the signal sequence was replaced by an ATG codon and the 3' region downstream to the part corresponding to the...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02259.x
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The possible immunological relationship between the pattern of Th1/Th2 cytokine production and tuberculin reactivity was assessed in patients with active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The production of the intracellular cytokines interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin-4 (IL-4) was measured in CD4(+) and CD8(+)...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01890.x
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human peripheral blood monocyte subsets with and without Fc receptor for human IgG are known to suppress (FcR+) and enhance (FcR-) pokeweed mitogen-induced polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro. The ability of these subsets to modulate immunoglobulin production in the presence or absence of OKT8+ T cells and un...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb02065.x
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a chronic enteritis syndrome of ruminants, which is due to infection by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Cutaneous testing with proteins extracted from a mycobacterial culture fluid (johnin-PPD) is currently used to evaluate the cellular immune status. We have compared the componen...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb03143.x
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred and twenty IgM-secreting hybridomas derived from unmanipulated 6-day-old BALB/c mice were screened for reactivity with the prototype idiotypic and anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies, defining three well established systems, namely TEPC 15:10/13-15, J558:CD3.2, and MOPC 460:F 6(51). Up to 25% of all IgM a...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02221.x
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The heavy (H) chains of three anti-streptococcal group A carbohydrate antibodies (anti-SACHO) of restricted heterogeneity, elicited in inbred Sprague-Dawley rats, were subjected to 40 cycles of automated Edman degradation. All three antibody H-chain preparations had an identical amino acid sequence and were classified...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1976.tb03043.x
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Secretory component (SC) acts as a receptor for polymeric IgA (pIgA) and pIgM on the basolateral face of secretory epithelia. This study showed that both the production and surface membrane expression of SC were additively up-regulated by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in a human c...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01460.x
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
