Abstract:
:Homeostasis is a biological principle for regulation of essential physiological parameters within a set range. Behavioural responses due to deviation from homeostasis are critical for survival, but motivational processes engaged by physiological need states are incompletely understood. We examined motivational characteristics of two separate neuron populations that regulate energy and fluid homeostasis by using cell-type-specific activity manipulations in mice. We found that starvation-sensitive AGRP neurons exhibit properties consistent with a negative-valence teaching signal. Mice avoided activation of AGRP neurons, indicating that AGRP neuron activity has negative valence. AGRP neuron inhibition conditioned preference for flavours and places. Correspondingly, deep-brain calcium imaging revealed that AGRP neuron activity rapidly reduced in response to food-related cues. Complementary experiments activating thirst-promoting neurons also conditioned avoidance. Therefore, these need-sensing neurons condition preference for environmental cues associated with nutrient or water ingestion, which is learned through reduction of negative-valence signals during restoration of homeostasis.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Betley JN,Xu S,Cao ZFH,Gong R,Magnus CJ,Yu Y,Sternson SMdoi
10.1038/nature14416subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-05-14 00:00:00pages
180-185issue
7551eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
521pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::The factors determining disease severity in malaria are complex and include host polymorphisms, acquired immunity and parasite virulence. Studies in Africa have shown that severe malaria is associated with the ability of erythrocytes infected with the parasite Plasmodium falciparum to bind uninfected erythrocytes and ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/40888
更新日期:1997-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Materials showing simultaneous ferroelectric and magnetic ordering are attracting a great deal of interest because of their unusual physics and potential applications. Hemberger et al. have reported relaxor-like dielectric properties and colossal magnetocapacitance (in excess of 500%) for the cubic spinel compound CdC...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06156
更新日期:2007-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleosome subunit of chromatin consists of DNA folded around a histone core as a 1.8-turn left-handed solenoid. The crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle revealed that it has a dyad symmetry axis and that the minor helix groove faces outwards from the protein core. Richmond et al. noticed that the pat...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/328554a0
更新日期:1987-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::Deception is common in nature and humans are no exception. Modern societies have created institutions to control cheating, but many situations remain where only intrinsic honesty keeps people from cheating and violating rules. Psychological, sociological and economic theories suggest causal pathways to explain how the...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature17160
更新日期:2016-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::Drosophila mutants transformed with a chimaeric gene that expresses the ocellar visual pigment in the major class of photoreceptor cells of the retina were used to investigate the properties of this minor pigment. The photoreceptor cells in which this opsin was misexpressed showed new spectral characteristics and phys...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/333737a0
更新日期:1988-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::Neutrophils activated by the formyl peptide f-Met-Leu-Phe transiently accumulate a small subset of highly polar inositol lipids. A similar family of lipids also appear in many other cells in response to a range of growth factors and activated oncogenes, and are presumed to be the direct or indirect products of 3-phosp...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/351033a0
更新日期:1991-05-02 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07501-y
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Binocular coordination of eye movements is essential for stereopsis (depth perception) and to prevent double vision. More than a century ago, Hering and Helmholtz debated the neural basis of binocular coordination. Helmholtz believed that each eye is controlled independently and that binocular coordination is learned....
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/31489
更新日期:1998-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::The bmi-1 proto-oncogene can be activated by Moloney murine leukaemia proviral insertions in E mu-myc transgenic mice. It encodes a highly conserved nuclear protein of 324 amino acids which belongs to a family of proteins containing a putative new zinc-finger. Another closely related member of this family is the mouse...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/353353a0
更新日期:1991-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about the biochemical or functional nature of the proteins encoded by the bcl-2 gene, which undergoes chromosomal translocation in approximately 85% of follicular lymphoma, 20% of diffuse large cell lymphoma and 10% of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cells. Translocation of bcl-2 sequences from chro...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/342195a0
更新日期:1989-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by GABA(A) receptors can be modulated by the endogenous neurosteroids, allopregnanolone and tetrahydro-deoxycorticosterone. Neurosteroids are synthesized de novo in the brain during stress, pregnancyand after ethanol consumption, and disrupted steroid regulation of GABAergic trans...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05324
更新日期:2006-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::More than 50 copies of a phi X174 DNA template can be made in 60 min in an in vitro DNA replication system consisting of seven purfied replication proteins isolated from T4 bacteriophage-infected cells. By transfecting with the DNA products and assaying for the reversion of specific amber mutants, the high degree of b...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/285300a0
更新日期:1980-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Sodium channels in plasma membranes can be blocked by a large variety of toxins and local anaesthetics. This property, however, is not confined to relatively large molecules. For instance, extracellularly applied small ions like hydrogen may also prevent the passive transport of permeant cations across open Na+ channe...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/287062a0
更新日期:1980-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::Government policies currently commit us to surface warming of three to four degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by 2100, which will lead to enhanced ice-sheet melt. Ice-sheet discharge was not explicitly included in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, so effects on climate from this melt are not cur...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been a potent tool in our understanding of human evolution, owing to characteristics such as high copy number, apparent lack of recombination, high substitution rate and maternal mode of inheritance. However, almost all studies of human evolution based on mtDNA sequencing ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35047064
更新日期:2000-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::The antidiuretic effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) is mediated by renal-type (V2) receptors linked to adenylyl cyclase. We report here the cloning of the rat kidney V2 AVP receptor complementary DNA that encodes a 370-amino-acid protein with a transmembrane topography characteristic of G protein-coupled receptors, ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/357336a0
更新日期:1992-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Therizinosauroids are an enigmatic group of dinosaurs known mostly from the Cretaceous period of Asia, whose derived members are characterized by elongate necks, laterally expanded pelves, small, leaf-shaped teeth, edentulous rostra and mandibular symphyses that probably bore keratinized beaks. Although more than a do...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03468
更新日期:2005-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Large-scale studies of genomic variation could assist efforts to eliminate malaria. But there are scientific, ethical and practical challenges to carrying out such studies in developing countries, where the burden of disease is greatest. The Malaria Genomic Epidemiology Network (MalariaGEN) is now working to overcome ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07632
更新日期:2008-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of water near non-polar molecular fragments or surfaces mediates the hydrophobic interactions that underlie a broad range of interfacial, colloidal and biophysical phenomena. Substantial progress over the past decade has improved our understanding of hydrophobic interactions in simple model systems, but ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14018
更新日期:2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The success of cisplatin in cancer chemotherapy derives from its ability to crosslink DNA and alter the structure. Most cisplatin-DNA adducts are intrastrand d(GpG) and d(ApG) crosslinks, which unwind and bend the duplex to facilitate the binding of proteins that contain one or more high-mobility group (HMG) domains. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/377649a0
更新日期:1995-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::Reorganizations of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation were associated with large and abrupt climatic changes in the North Atlantic region during the last glacial period. Projections with climate models suggest that similar reorganizations may also occur in response to anthropogenic global warming. Here I ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03476
更新日期:2005-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::The colonization of a new habitat is a fundamental process in metapopulation biology, but it is difficult to study. The emigration of colonists from established populations might be induced by resource competition owing to high local population density. Migration distances are also important because they determine the...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/416424a
更新日期:2002-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::The retina in most mammals contains two types of macroglial cells--Müller cells, which span the entire thickness of the retina, and astrocytes, which are mainly confined to the nerve fibre layer. Whereas Müller cells are diffusely distributed in all vertebrate retinae, the presence and distribution of retinal astrocyt...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/332834a0
更新日期:1988-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::A major component of the large genomes of higher plants and vertebrates comprises transposable elements and their derivatives, which potentially reduce the stability of the genome. It has been proposed that methylation of cytosine residues may suppress transposition, but experimental evidence for this has been limited...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35075612
更新日期:2001-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding brain circuits begins with an appreciation of their component parts - the cells. Although GABAergic interneurons are a minority population within the brain, they are crucial for the control of inhibition. Determining the diversity of these interneurons has been a central goal of neurobiologists, but this...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature12983
更新日期:2014-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::A hemispheric dichotomy on Mars is marked by the sharp contrast between the sparsely cratered northern lowland plains and the heavily cratered southern highlands. Mechanisms proposed to remove ancient crust or form younger lowland crust include one or more giant impacts, subcrustal transport by mantle convection, the ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05356
更新日期:2006-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::That animals and humans can accomplish the same goal using different effectors and different goals using the same effectors attests to the remarkable flexibility of the central nervous system. This phenomenon has been termed 'motor equivalence', an example being the writing of a name with a pencil held between the toe...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/33922
更新日期:1998-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::Acquired drug resistance is a major problem in the treatment of cancer. Of the more than 500,000 annual deaths from cancer in the United States, many follow the development of resistance to chemotherapy. The emergence of resistance depends in part on the genetic instability, heterogeneity and high mutational rate of t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/37126
更新日期:1997-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::Haptic (touch) perception normally entails an active exploration of object surfaces over time. This is called active touch. When exploring the shape of an object, we experience both geometrical and force cues. For example, when sliding a finger across a surface with a rigid bump on it, the finger moves over the bump w...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35086588
更新日期:2001-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::Several discoveries of Late Devonian tetrapods (limbed vertebrates) have been made during the past two decades, but each has been confined to one locality. Here we describe a tetrapod jaw of about 365 million years (Myr) old from the Famennian of Belgium, which is the first from western continental Europe. The jaw clo...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/427412a
更新日期:2004-01-29 00:00:00