Fidelity of DNA replication catalysed in vitro on a natural DNA template by the T4 bacteriophage multi-enzyme complex.

abstract：:Although the first ten million years of whale evolution are documented by a remarkable series of fossil skeletons, the link to the ancestor of cetaceans has been missing. It was known that whales are related to even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls), but until now no artiodactyls were morphologically close to early whales...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Thewissen JG,Cooper LN,Clementz MT,Bajpai S,Tiwari BN

更新日期：2007-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Anthrax toxin, comprising protective antigen, lethal factor, and oedema factor, is the major virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis, an agent that causes high mortality in humans and animals. Protective antigen forms oligomeric prepores that undergo conversion to membrane-spanning pores by endosomal acidification, and...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jiang J,Pentelute BL,Collier RJ,Zhou ZH

更新日期：2015-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:A conserved heterotrimeric membrane protein complex, the Sec61 or SecY complex, forms a protein-conducting channel, allowing polypeptides to be transferred across or integrated into membranes. We report the crystal structure of the complex from Methanococcus jannaschii at a resolution of 3.2 A. The structure suggests ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Van den Berg B,Clemons WM Jr,Collinson I,Modis Y,Hartmann E,Harrison SC,Rapoport TA

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During fertilization, an egg and a sperm fuse to form a new embryo. Eggs develop from oocytes in a process called meiosis. Meiosis in human oocytes is highly error-prone, and defective eggs are the leading cause of pregnancy loss and several genetic disorders such as Down's syndrome. Which genes safeguard accurate pro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pfender S,Kuznetsov V,Pasternak M,Tischer T,Santhanam B,Schuh M

更新日期：2015-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals learn that a tone can predict the occurrence of an electric shock through classical conditioning. Mice or rats trained in this manner display fear responses, such as freezing behaviour, when they hear the conditioned tone. Studies using amygdalectomized rats have shown that the amygdala is required for both th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Garcia R,Vouimba RM,Baudry M,Thompson RF

更新日期：1999-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for excision repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA and is essential for cell viability. The RAD3-encoded protein shares a high degree of homology with the human ERCC2(XPD) gene product. Mutations in XPD, besides causing the cancer-prone syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Guzder SN,Qiu H,Sommers CH,Sung P,Prakash L,Prakash S

更新日期：1994-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of what is known about the evolution of deinonychosaurs (that is, the group of theropods most closely related to birds) is based on discoveries from North America and Asia. Except for Unenlagia comahuensis and some fragmentary remains from northern Africa, no other evidence was available on deinonychosaurian dive...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Novas FE,Pol D

更新日期：2005-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The CD4 subset of cells displays helper/inducer activity and recognizes class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), while the CD8 subset recognizes class I MHC antigens and exhibits cytotoxic or suppressor function. Considerable functional as well as corresponding phenotypic heterogeneity exists w...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Morimoto C,Rudd CE,Letvin NL,Schlossman SF

更新日期：1987-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Apoptosis is a highly regulated process that is crucial for normal development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. The p35 protein from baculoviruses effectively prevents apoptosis by its broad-spectrum caspase inhibition. Here we report the crystal structure of p35 in complex with human caspase-8 at 3.0 A res...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Xu G,Cirilli M,Huang Y,Rich RL,Myszka DG,Wu H

更新日期：2001-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:A putative growth hormone receptor from rabbit liver and the growth hormone binding protein from rabbit serum have the same amino-terminal amino-acid sequence, indicating that the binding protein corresponds to the extracellular hormone-binding domain of the liver receptor. The complete amino-acid sequences derived fr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Leung DW,Spencer SA,Cachianes G,Hammonds RG,Collins C,Henzel WJ,Barnard R,Waters MJ,Wood WI

更新日期：1987-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Scientific fraud, much in the news recently, is not a new phenomenon. What follows is a personal account of a particular case. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rossiter EJ

更新日期：1992-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Growing populations and agricultural intensification have led to raised riverine nitrogen (N) loads, widespread oxygen depletion in coastal zones (coastal hypoxia)1 and increases in the incidence of algal blooms.Although recent work has suggested that individual wetlands have the potential to improve water quality2-9,...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cheng FY,Van Meter KJ,Byrnes DK,Basu NB

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The theory of electric polarization in crystals defines the dipole moment of an insulator in terms of a Berry phase (geometric phase) associated with its electronic ground state. This concept not only solves the long-standing puzzle of how to calculate dipole moments in crystals, but also explains topological band str...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Peterson CW,Benalcazar WA,Hughes TL,Bahl G

更新日期：2018-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Some observations suggest that very massive stars experience extreme mass-loss episodes shortly before they explode as supernovae, as do several models. Establishing a causal connection between these mass-loss episodes and the final explosion would provide a novel way to study pre-supernova massive-star evolution. Her...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ofek EO,Sullivan M,Cenko SB,Kasliwal MM,Gal-Yam A,Kulkarni SR,Arcavi I,Bildsten L,Bloom JS,Horesh A,Howell DA,Filippenko AV,Laher R,Murray D,Nakar E,Nugent PE,Silverman JM,Shaviv NJ,Surace J,Yaron O

更新日期：2013-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Short alanine peptides, containing 16 or 17 residues, appear to form alpha-helices in aqueous solution. But the main spectroscopic analyses used on helical peptides (circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance) cannot distinguish between an alpha-helix (in which the ith residue is hydrogen-bonded to residue i + ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Miick SM,Martinez GV,Fiori WR,Todd AP,Millhauser GL

更新日期：1992-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The crystal structure of Escherichia coli GroEL shows a porous cylinder of 14 subunits made of two nearly 7-fold rotationally symmetrical rings stacked back-to-back with dyad symmetry. The subunits consist of three domains: a large equatorial domain that forms the foundation of the assembly at its waist and holds the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Braig K,Otwinowski Z,Hegde R,Boisvert DC,Joachimiak A,Horwich AL,Sigler PB

更新日期：1994-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Magnetic interactions and magnetic impurities are destructive to superconductivity in conventional superconductors. By contrast, in some unconventional macroscopic quantum systems (such as superfluid 3He and superconducting UGe2), the superconductivity (or superfluidity) is actually mediated by magnetic interactions. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hudson EW,Lang KM,Madhavan V,Pan SH,Eisaki H,Uchida S,Davis JC

更新日期：2001-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-volcanic tremor is a weak, extended duration seismic signal observed episodically on some major faults, often in conjunction with slow slip events. Such tremor may hold the key to understanding fundamental processes at the deep roots of faults, and could signal times of accelerated slip and hence increased seismic...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shelly DR,Beroza GC,Ide S

更新日期：2007-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The terminal differentiation of myogenic cells initiates in the proximal portion of the limb bud whereas the distal region remains undifferentiated and proliferative. The apical ectodermal ridge maintains the progress zone in an undifferentiated state and induces proliferation of limb mesenchymal cells. Hox-7.1, a hom...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Song K,Wang Y,Sassoon D

更新日期：1992-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:High-coverage whole-genome sequence studies have so far focused on a limited number of geographically restricted populations, or been targeted at specific diseases, such as cancer. Nevertheless, the availability of high-resolution genomic data has led to the development of new methodologies for inferring population hi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pagani L,Lawson DJ,Jagoda E,Mörseburg A,Eriksson A,Mitt M,Clemente F,Hudjashov G,DeGiorgio M,Saag L,Wall JD,Cardona A,Mägi R,Wilson Sayres MA,Kaewert S,Inchley C,Scheib CL,Järve M,Karmin M,Jacobs GS,Antao T,Ilie

更新日期：2016-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of hierarchical bottom-up structuring commonly encountered in natural materials provides inspiration for the design of complex artificial materials with advanced functionalities. Natural processes have achieved the orchestration of multicomponent systems across many length scales with very high precision, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gröschel AH,Walther A,Löbling TI,Schacher FH,Schmalz H,Müller AH

更新日期：2013-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluids and melts liberated from subducting oceanic crust recycle lithophile elements back into the mantle wedge, facilitate melting and ultimately lead to prolific subduction-zone arc volcanism. The nature and composition of the mobile phases generated in the subducting slab at high pressures have, however, remained l...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kessel R,Schmidt MW,Ulmer P,Pettke T

更新日期：2005-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Oncogenic mutations in the serine/threonine kinase B-RAF (also known as BRAF) are found in 50-70% of malignant melanomas. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that the B-RAF(V600E) mutation predicts a dependency on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascade in melanoma-an observation that has bee...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Johannessen CM,Boehm JS,Kim SY,Thomas SR,Wardwell L,Johnson LA,Emery CM,Stransky N,Cogdill AP,Barretina J,Caponigro G,Hieronymus H,Murray RR,Salehi-Ashtiani K,Hill DE,Vidal M,Zhao JJ,Yang X,Alkan O,Kim S,Harris JL

更新日期：2010-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Helminth parasitic infections are a major global health and social burden. The host defence against helminths such as Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is orchestrated by type 2 cell-mediated immunity. Induction of type 2 cytokines, including interleukins (IL) IL-4 and IL-13, induce goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus produ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gerbe F,Sidot E,Smyth DJ,Ohmoto M,Matsumoto I,Dardalhon V,Cesses P,Garnier L,Pouzolles M,Brulin B,Bruschi M,Harcus Y,Zimmermann VS,Taylor N,Maizels RM,Jay P

更新日期：2016-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorylation of membrane components is thought to be an important process in membrane function. Phosphorylated proteins and a special class of phospholipids, the (poly)phosphoinositides (poly PI), are implicated in the regulation of membrane permeability and synaptic transmission in neurones. For many years, protei...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jolles J,Zwiers H,van Dongen CJ,Schotman P,Wirtz KW,Gispen WH

更新日期：1980-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The DNA of telomeres--the terminal DNA-protein complexes of chromosomes--differs notably from other DNA sequences in both structure and function. Recent work has highlighted its remarkable mode of synthesis by the ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase, telomerase, as well as its ability to form unusual structures in...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Blackburn EH

更新日期：1991-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4 and CD8 antigens are simultaneously expressed on most of the cortical thymocytes, that weakly express the T-cell antigen receptor(TCR)/CD3 complex. Mature peripheral T cells, however, strongly express the TCR complex and are positive for either CD4 or CD8. Nevertheless, a small percentage of peripheral CD3+ T cell...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Paliard X,Malefijt RW,de Vries JE,Spits H

更新日期：1988-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous reports have emphasized the need for major changes in the global food system: agriculture must meet the twin challenge of feeding a growing population, with rising demand for meat and high-calorie diets, while simultaneously minimizing its global environmental impacts. Organic farming—a system aimed at produc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Seufert V,Ramankutty N,Foley JA

更新日期：2012-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects against oxidative damage by dismuting the superoxide radical O2-. to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide at the active-site Cu ion in a reaction that is rate-limited by diffusion and enhanced by electrostatic guidance. SOD has evolved to be one of the fastest en...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Getzoff ED,Cabelli DE,Fisher CL,Parge HE,Viezzoli MS,Banci L,Hallewell RA

更新日期：1992-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Change history: In Fig. 1b and c of this Letter, the inset times in the DIC and GFP microscopy images should be in minutes ('min') instead of seconds ('s'). This has not been corrected online. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Stewart MP,Helenius J,Toyoda Y,Ramanathan SP,Muller DJ,Hyman AA

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00