Atomic structure of anthrax protective antigen pore elucidates toxin translocation.

abstract：:Dehydration embrittlement has been proposed to explain both intermediate- and deep-focus earthquakes in subduction zones. Because such earthquakes primarily occur at shallow depths or within the core of the subducting plate, dehydration at relatively low temperatures has been emphasized. However, recent careful reloca...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang J,Green HW,Bozhilov K,Jin Z

更新日期：2004-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Sex and recombination are widespread, but explaining these phenomena has been one of the most difficult problems in evolutionary biology. Recombination is advantageous when different individuals in a population carry different advantageous alleles. By bringing together advantageous alleles onto the same chromosome, re...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Keightley PD,Otto SP

更新日期：2006-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:During development, sympathetic neurons extend axons along a myriad of distinct trajectories, often consisting of arteries, to innervate one of a large variety of distinct final target tissues. Whether or not subsets of neurons within complex sympathetic ganglia are predetermined to innervate select end-organs is unkn...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Makita T,Sucov HM,Gariepy CE,Yanagisawa M,Ginty DD

更新日期：2008-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) ligand TALL-1 and its cognate receptors, BCMA, TACI and BAFF-R, were recently identified as members of the TNF superfamily, which are essential factors contributing to B-cell maturation. The functional, soluble fragment of TALL-1 (sTALL-1) forms a virus-like assembly for its proper fun...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Liu Y,Hong X,Kappler J,Jiang L,Zhang R,Xu L,Pan CH,Martin WE,Murphy RC,Shu HB,Dai S,Zhang G

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since at least the last common ancestor of all life on Earth, genetic information has been stored in a four-letter alphabet that is propagated and retrieved by the formation of two base pairs. The central goal of synthetic biology is to create new life forms and functions, and the most general route to this goal is th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang Y,Ptacin JL,Fischer EC,Aerni HR,Caffaro CE,San Jose K,Feldman AW,Turner CR,Romesberg FE

更新日期：2017-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNAs diversifies gene products in eukaryotes and is guided by factors that enable spliceosomes to recognize particular splice sites. Here we report that alternative splicing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SRC1 pre-mRNA is promoted by the conserved ubiquitin-like protein Hub1. Structu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mishra SK,Ammon T,Popowicz GM,Krajewski M,Nagel RJ,Ares M Jr,Holak TA,Jentsch S

更新日期：2011-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasticity in neural circuits can result from alterations in synaptic strength or connectivity, as well as from changes in the excitability of the neurons themselves. To better understand the role of plasticity in the brain, we need to establish how brain circuits work and the kinds of computations that different circ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Destexhe A,Marder E

更新日期：2004-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Co-evolution between plants and their natural enemies is generally believed to have generated much of the Earth's biological diversity. A process analogous to co-evolution occurs in agricultural systems, in which natural enemies adapt to crop resistance introduced by breeding or genetic engineering. Because of this si...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rausher MD

更新日期：2001-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Pheromone-based behaviours are crucial in animals from insects to mammals, and reproductive isolation is often based on pheromone differences. However, the genetic mechanisms by which pheromone signals change during the evolution of new species are largely unknown. In the sexual communication system of moths (Insecta:...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lassance JM,Groot AT,Liénard MA,Antony B,Borgwardt C,Andersson F,Hedenström E,Heckel DG,Löfstedt C

更新日期：2010-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The shape of the human erythrocyte depends on intracellular ATP content and echinocytic erythrocyte ghosts obtained in the presence of Mg-ATP acquire a diskocytic shape after incubation at 37 degrees C; however, agreement is lacking about the molecular basis of the shape changes. The suggestion that phosphorylation of...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jinbu Y,Sato S,Nakao M

更新日期：1984-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the nature and origin of the asteroid population in Earth's vicinity (near-Earth asteroids, and its subset of potentially hazardous asteroids) is a matter of both scientific interest and practical importance. It is generally expected that the compositions of the asteroids that are most likely to hit Eart...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vernazza P,Binzel RP,Thomas CA,DeMeo FE,Bus SJ,Rivkin AS,Tokunaga AT

更新日期：2008-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Only about 1% of human XO conceptuses survive to birth and these usually have the characteristics of Turner's syndrome, with a complex and variable phenotype including short stature, gonadal dysgenesis and anatomical defects. Both the embryonic lethality and Turner's syndrome are thought to be due to monosomy for a ge...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ashworth A,Rastan S,Lovell-Badge R,Kay G

更新日期：1991-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Materials showing simultaneous ferroelectric and magnetic ordering are attracting a great deal of interest because of their unusual physics and potential applications. Hemberger et al. have reported relaxor-like dielectric properties and colossal magnetocapacitance (in excess of 500%) for the cubic spinel compound CdC...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Catalan G,Scott JF

更新日期：2007-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ainsworth C

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A DNA probe from a human Y chromosome-derived cosmid detects a single-copy genomic DNA fragment which can appear in different allelic forms shared by both sex chromosomes. Variants at this DNA locus show an autosomal pattern of inheritance, undergo recombination with sexual phenotype and can therefore be described as ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Simmler MC,Rouyer F,Vergnaud G,Nyström-Lahti M,Ngo KY,de la Chapelle A,Weissenbach J

更新日期：1985-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have shown that short chemically synthesized peptides very often induce antibodies which react with the cognate sequence in the intact folded protein. Since such antibodies react with known regions of proteins, they are of predetermined specificity and offer a precision not previously possible with immu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Alexander H,Johnson DA,Rosen J,Jerabek L,Green N,Weissman IL,Lerner RA

更新日期：1983-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:OTULIN (OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity) removes linear polyubiquitin from proteins that have been modified by LUBAC (linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex) and is critical for preventing auto-inflammatory disease1,2 and embryonic lethality during mouse development3. Here we show that OTULIN promo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Heger K,Wickliffe KE,Ndoja A,Zhang J,Murthy A,Dugger DL,Maltzman A,de Sousa E Melo F,Hung J,Zeng Y,Verschueren E,Kirkpatrick DS,Vucic D,Lee WP,Roose-Girma M,Newman RJ,Warming S,Hsiao YC,Kőműves LG,Webster JD,Newto

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Water-driven fracture propagation beneath supraglacial lakes rapidly transports large volumes of surface meltwater to the base of the Greenland Ice Sheet. These drainage events drive transient ice-sheet acceleration and establish conduits for additional surface-to-bed meltwater transport for the remainder of the melt ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Stevens LA,Behn MD,McGuire JJ,Das SB,Joughin I,Herring T,Shean DE,King MA

更新日期：2015-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of fitness effects of protein mutations is still unknown. Of particular interest is whether accumulating deleterious mutations interact, and how the resulting epistatic effects shape the protein's fitness landscape. Here we apply a model system in which bacterial fitness correlates with the enzymatic ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bershtein S,Segal M,Bekerman R,Tokuriki N,Tawfik DS

更新日期：2006-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:A kinase distinct from the MEK activator Raf, termed MEK kinase-1 (MEKK), was originally identified by virtue of its homology to kinases involved in yeast mating signal cascades. Like Raf, MEKK is capable of activating MEK in vitro. High-level expression of MEKK in COS-7 cells or using vaccinia virus vectors also acti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yan M,Dai T,Deak JC,Kyriakis JM,Zon LI,Woodgett JR,Templeton DJ

更新日期：1994-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmental change has altered the phenology, morphological traits and population dynamics of many species. However, the links underlying these joint responses remain largely unknown owing to a paucity of long-term data and the lack of an appropriate analytical framework. Here we investigate the link between phenoty...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ozgul A,Childs DZ,Oli MK,Armitage KB,Blumstein DT,Olson LE,Tuljapurkar S,Coulson T

更新日期：2010-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Scientific theories of how subduction and plate tectonics began on Earth--and what the tectonic structure of Earth was before this--remain enigmatic and contentious. Understanding viable scenarios for the onset of subduction and plate tectonics is hampered by the fact that subduction initiation processes must have bee...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gerya TV,Stern RJ,Baes M,Sobolev SV,Whattam SA

更新日期：2015-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Haemoglobin is the prototype of an allosteric protein in which cooperative behaviour depends on interaction between unlike subunits. Here we present haematological and biochemical evidence that electrostatic interactions are an important determinant of haemoglobin assembly. Individuals heterozygous for positively char...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bunn HF,McDonald MJ

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Citrullination is the post-translational conversion of an arginine residue within a protein to the non-coded amino acid citrulline. This modification leads to the loss of a positive charge and reduction in hydrogen-bonding ability. It is carried out by a small family of tissue-specific vertebrate enzymes called peptid...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Christophorou MA,Castelo-Branco G,Halley-Stott RP,Oliveira CS,Loos R,Radzisheuskaya A,Mowen KA,Bertone P,Silva JC,Zernicka-Goetz M,Nielsen ML,Gurdon JB,Kouzarides T

更新日期：2014-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Optical laser fields have been widely used to achieve quantum control over the motional and internal degrees of freedom of atoms and ions, molecules and atomic gases. A route to controlling the quantum states of macroscopic mechanical oscillators in a similar fashion is to exploit the parametric coupling between optic...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Verhagen E,Deléglise S,Weis S,Schliesser A,Kippenberg TJ

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite germ line, sperm and then oocytes are made from a common pool of germ-cell precursors. The decision to differentiate as a sperm or an oocyte is regulated by the sex-determining gene, fem-3. Expression of fem-3 in the hermaphrodite germ line directs spermatogenesis and must b...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ahringer J,Kimble J

更新日期：1991-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Through their functional diversification, distinct lineages of CD4(+) T cells can act to either drive or constrain immune-mediated pathology. Transcription factors are critical in the generation of cellular diversity, and negative regulators antagonistic to alternate fates often act in conjunction with positive regula...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Roychoudhuri R,Hirahara K,Mousavi K,Clever D,Klebanoff CA,Bonelli M,Sciumè G,Zare H,Vahedi G,Dema B,Yu Z,Liu H,Takahashi H,Rao M,Muranski P,Crompton JG,Punkosdy G,Bedognetti D,Wang E,Hoffmann V,Rivera J,Marincol

更新日期：2013-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have shown that developing nerve fibres grow directly to their targets and are guided by specific cues, but the nature of these cues and the mechanism of guidance remain unknown. The growth of sympathetic axons towards an artificial source of nerve growth factor (NGF) in vivo and of sensory neurites up ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lumsden AG,Davies AM

更新日期：1983-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The long-term exchange of volatile species (such as water, carbon, nitrogen and the noble gases) between deep Earth and surface reservoirs controls the habitability of the Earth's surface. The present-day volatile budget of the mantle reflects the integrated history of outgassing and retention of primordial volatiles ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Parai R,Mukhopadhyay S

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haploids and double haploids are important resources for studying recessive traits and have large impacts on crop breeding, but natural haploids are rare in animals. Mammalian haploids are restricted to germline cells and are occasionally found in tumours with massive chromosome loss. Recent success in establishing ha...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Li W,Shuai L,Wan H,Dong M,Wang M,Sang L,Feng C,Luo GZ,Li T,Li X,Wang L,Zheng QY,Sheng C,Wu HJ,Liu Z,Liu L,Wang L,Wang XJ,Zhao XY,Zhou Q

更新日期：2012-10-18 00:00:00