Abstract：
:Growing populations and agricultural intensification have led to raised riverine nitrogen (N) loads, widespread oxygen depletion in coastal zones (coastal hypoxia)1 and increases in the incidence of algal blooms.Although recent work has suggested that individual wetlands have the potential to improve water quality2-9, little is known about the current magnitude of wetland N removal at the landscape scale. Here we use National Wetland Inventory data and 5-kilometre grid-scale estimates of N inputs and outputs to demonstrate that current N removal by US wetlands (about 860 ± 160 kilotonnes of nitrogen per year) is limited by a spatial disconnect between high-density wetland areas and N hotspots. Our model simulations suggest that a spatially targeted increase in US wetland area by 10 per cent (5.1 million hectares) would double wetland N removal. This increase would provide an estimated 54 per cent decrease in N loading in nitrate-affected watersheds such as the Mississippi River Basin. The costs of this increase in area would be approximately 3.3 billion US dollars annually across the USA-nearly twice the cost of wetland restoration on non-agricultural, undeveloped land-but would provide approximately 40 times more N removal. These results suggest that water quality improvements, as well as other types of ecosystem services such as flood control and fish and wildlife habitat, should be considered when creating policy regarding wetland restoration and protection.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Cheng FY,Van Meter KJ,Byrnes DK,Basu NBdoi
10.1038/s41586-020-03042-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-01 00:00:00pages
625-630issue
7839eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
10.1038/s41586-020-03042-5journal_volume
588pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:Multiplicative operations are important in sensory processing, but their biophysical implementation remains largely unknown. We investigated an identified neuron (the lobula giant movement detector, LGMD, of locusts) whose output firing rate in response to looming visual stimuli has been described by two models, one o...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature01190
更新日期：2002-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Recognition of a functional 3' splice site in pre-mRNA splicing requires a heterodimer of the proteins U2AF65/U2AF35. U2AF65 binds to RNA at the polypyrimidine tract, whereas U2AF35 is thought to interact through its arginine/serine-rich (RS) domain with other RS-domain-containing factors bound at the 5' splice site, ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/41137
更新日期：1997-07-24 00:00:00
abstract：:In Drosophila, as in mammals, epidermal differentiation is controlled by signalling cascades that include Wnt proteins and the ovo/shavenbaby (svb) family of zinc-finger transcription factors. Ovo/svb is a complex gene with two genetic functions corresponding to separate control regions: ovo is required for female ger...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/22330
更新日期：1999-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Auroral substorms, dynamic phenomena that occur in the upper atmosphere at night, are caused by global reconfiguration of the magnetosphere, which releases stored solar wind energy. These storms are characterized by auroral brightening from dusk to midnight, followed by violent motions of distinct auroral arcs that su...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature25505
更新日期：2018-02-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Clonal deletion in the thymus plays a major part in T-cell tolerance to self antigens. But the mechanism of negative selection, its fine specificity and the threshold of affinity and avidity remains unknown. We have now examined these aspects of negative selection with mice expressing a transgenic T-cell receptor with...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/351482a0
更新日期：1991-06-06 00:00:00
abstract：:p60src, the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), is a protein kinase that has a strict specificity for tyrosine. The phosphorylation of cellular proteins by p60src (ref. 4) results in transformation. Recently, Barker and Dayhoff discovered that residues 259-485 of p60src have 22% sequence identity with re...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/310589a0
更新日期：1984-08-16 00:00:00
abstract：:How long does it take a random walker to reach a given target point? This quantity, known as a first-passage time (FPT), has led to a growing number of theoretical investigations over the past decade. The importance of FPTs originates from the crucial role played by first encounter properties in various real situation...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06201
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whereas short-term memory lasts from minutes to hours, long-term memory (LTM) can last for days or even an entire lifetime. LTM generally forms after spaced repeated training sessions and involves the regulation of gene expression, thereby implicating transcription factors in the initial steps of LTM establishment. Ho...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02726
更新日期：2004-07-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Large-scale systematic sequencing has generally depended on the availability of an ordered library of large-insert bacterial or viral genomic clones for the organism under study. The generation of these large insert libraries, and the location of each clone on a genome map, is a laborious and time-consuming process. I...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-05-29 00:00:00
abstract：:During cell division, sister chromosomes segregate from each other on a microtubule-based structure called the mitotic spindle. Proteins bind to the centromere, a region of chromosomal DNA, to form the kinetochore, which mediates chromosome attachment to the mitotic spindle microtubules. In the budding yeast Saccharom...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/359533a0
更新日期：1992-10-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Human apolipoprotein E has three isoforms: APOE2, APOE3 and APOE4. APOE4 is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and is associated with Down's syndrome dementia and poor neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury and haemorrhage. Neurovascular dysfunction is present in normal APOE4 carriers and i...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11087
更新日期：2012-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：:There is increasing evidence for the process of sympatric speciation, in which reproductive isolation of species occurs without physical isolation. Theoretical models have focused on disruptive natural selection as the crucial pressure for splitting a species. Here we report the theoretical finding that sympatric spec...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/990087
更新日期：1999-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:How black holes accrete surrounding matter is a fundamental yet unsolved question in astrophysics. It is generally believed that matter is absorbed into black holes via accretion disks, the state of which depends primarily on the mass-accretion rate. When this rate approaches the critical rate (the Eddington limit), t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature16452
更新日期：2016-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural visual scenes are cluttered with multiple objects whose individual features must somehow be selectively linked (or 'bound') if perception is to coincide with reality. Recent neurophysiological evidence supports a 'binding-by-synchrony' hypothesis: neurons excited by features of the same object fire synchronous...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature01285
更新日期：2003-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes the survival of several populations of neurons, including sensory and motor neurons. Although CNTF is abundant in adult sciatic nerve, the mature protein lacks a signal sequence and is not secreted; therefore, it has been proposed to act as a lesion factor. The identificatio...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/365253a0
更新日期：1993-09-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for all organisms that must have been available since the origin of life. Abiotic processes including hydrothermal reduction, photochemical reactions, or lightning discharge could have converted atmospheric N2 into assimilable NH4(+), HCN, or NOx species, collectively termed fixed nit...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature14180
更新日期：2015-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbialites, including biogenic stromatolites, thrombolites and dendrolites, were formed by various microbial mats that trapped and bound sediments or formed the locus of mineral precipitation. Microbialites were common and diverse during the Proterozoic, but declined in abundance and morphological diversity when mu...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02654
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The first zygotic genes to be expressed during early Drosophila development are the gap genes. Their role is to read and interpret coarse positional information deposited in the egg by the mother and to refine it by cross-regulatory interactions and by controlling a class of pair-rule genes. Little is known about the ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/341335a0
更新日期：1989-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：:During the past ten years, coupled quantum wells have emerged as a promising system for experiments on Bose condensation of excitons, with numerous theoretical and experimental studies aimed at the demonstration of this effect. One of the issues driving these studies is the possibility of long-range coherent transport...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature00940
更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The antigen receptors on mature B lymphocytes are membrane-bound immunoglobulins of the IgM and IgD classes whose cross-linking by polyvalent antigens results in B-cell proliferation and differentiation. How these membrane-bound immunoglobulin chains, which lack a cytoplasmic tail, generate a cell activation signal is...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/343760a0
更新日期：1990-02-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Actin is one of the most ubiquitous, abundant and well-conserved proteins of eukaryotes, participating in many crucial cellular processes including the maintenance of cell shape, motility and cell division. Actins from the most divergent sources still share amino-acid identities in excess of 70% (ref. 3). This may wel...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/359246a0
更新日期：1992-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:An Amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41586-019-1455-1
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The TGF-beta/activin/BMP cytokine family signals through serine/threonine kinase receptors, but how the receptors transduce the signal is unknown. The Mad (Mothers against decapentaplegic) gene from Drosophila and the related Sma genes from Caenorhabditis elegans have been genetically implicated in signalling by membe...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/381620a0
更新日期：1996-06-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Dusty disks around young stars are formed out of interstellar dust that consists of amorphous, submicrometre grains. Yet the grains found in comets and meteorites, and traced in the spectra of young stars, include large crystalline grains that must have undergone annealing or condensation at temperatures in excess of ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature08032
更新日期：2009-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The gal operon of Escherichia coli is controlled by two independent promotors--one is activated and the other inhibited by cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP receptor protein. The two promotors are modulated, however, by the same operator locus and receptor protein. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/279492a0
更新日期：1979-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Metallothioneins are small cysteine-rich proteins that bind heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium, copper and mercury. Recent interest in these proteins has focused on the part they play in zinc metabolism and heavy metal detoxification. Our interest in metallothionein genes stems largely from the observations that these...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/292267a0
更新日期：1981-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Therizinosauroids are an enigmatic group of dinosaurs known mostly from the Cretaceous period of Asia, whose derived members are characterized by elongate necks, laterally expanded pelves, small, leaf-shaped teeth, edentulous rostra and mandibular symphyses that probably bore keratinized beaks. Although more than a do...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03468
更新日期：2005-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The emergence of HIV-1 group M subtype B in North American men who have sex with men was a key turning point in the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Phylogenetic studies have suggested cryptic subtype B circulation in the United States (US) throughout the 1970s and an even older presence in the Caribbean. However, these temporal an...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature19827
更新日期：2016-11-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Several distinct cell lineages are established during mouse embryogenesis. The trophectoderm and primitive endoderm give rise to extraembryonic structures alone, while the primitive ectoderm becomes the fetus proper. Recent studies suggest that the levels of DNA modification are lower in inactive X chromosomes from ex...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/307284a0
更新日期：1984-01-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Folding of two monomeric enzymes mediated by groE has been reconstituted in vitro. The groEL protein stabilizes the polypeptides in a conformation resembling the 'molten globule' state. Mg-ATP and groES then promote the acquisition of ordered tertiary structure at the surface of groEL. Folding requires the hydrolysis ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/352036a0
更新日期：1991-07-04 00:00:00
