Molecular components of the B-cell antigen receptor complex of the IgM class.

abstract：:Signal sequences target proteins for secretion from cells or for integration into cell membranes. As nascent proteins emerge from the ribosome, signal sequences are recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP), which subsequently associates with its receptor (SR). In this complex, the SRP and SR stimulate each ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Egea PF,Shan SO,Napetschnig J,Savage DF,Walter P,Stroud RM

更新日期：2004-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Large mammals, including humans, save much of the energy needed for running by means of elastic structures in their legs and feet. Kinetic and potential energy removed from the body in the first half of the stance phase is stored briefly as elastic strain energy and then returned in the second half by elastic recoil. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ker RF,Bennett MB,Bibby SR,Kester RC,Alexander RM

更新日期：1987-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The long-term exchange of volatile species (such as water, carbon, nitrogen and the noble gases) between deep Earth and surface reservoirs controls the habitability of the Earth's surface. The present-day volatile budget of the mantle reflects the integrated history of outgassing and retention of primordial volatiles ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Parai R,Mukhopadhyay S

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Potent marine neurotoxins known as brevetoxins are produced by the 'red tide' dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. They kill large numbers of fish and cause illness in humans who ingest toxic filter-feeding shellfish or inhale toxic aerosols. The toxins are also suspected of having been involved in events in which many mana...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Flewelling LJ,Naar JP,Abbott JP,Baden DG,Barros NB,Bossart GD,Bottein MY,Hammond DG,Haubold EM,Heil CA,Henry MS,Jacocks HM,Leighfield TA,Pierce RH,Pitchford TD,Rommel SA,Scott PS,Steidinger KA,Truby EW,Van Dolah FM

更新日期：2005-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Using a recently developed formalism called topological quantum chemistry, we perform a high-throughput search of 'high-quality' materials (for which the atomic positions and structure have been measured very accurately) in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database in order to identify new topological phases. We develo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vergniory MG,Elcoro L,Felser C,Regnault N,Bernevig BA,Wang Z

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous studies have suggested that biodiversity reduces variability in ecosystem productivity through compensatory effects; that is, a species increases in its abundance in response to the reduction of another in a fluctuating environment. But this view has been challenged on several grounds. Because most studies ha...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bai Y,Han X,Wu J,Chen Z,Li L

更新日期：2004-09-09 00:00:00

abstract：:An observer moving forwards through the environment experiences a radial pattern of image motion on each retina. Such patterns of optic flow are a potential source of information about the observer's rate of progress, direction of heading and time to reach objects that lie ahead. As the viewing distance changes there ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Busettini C,Masson GS,Miles FA

更新日期：1997-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of ions on the light-sensitive current of retinal rods was studied by sucking the inner segment into a tightly fitting capillary with the outer segment projecting into a flowing solution. This new method showed that the light-sensitive pathway, in which Na+ is the normal carrier of current, has an ionic sel...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yau KW,McNaughton PA,Hodgkin AL

更新日期：1981-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Stereopsis is the perception of depth based on small positional differences between images formed on the two retinae (known as binocular disparity). Neurons that respond selectively to binocular disparity were first described three decades ago, and have since been observed in many visual areas of the primate brain, in...

journal_title：Nature

authors： DeAngelis GC,Cumming BG,Newsome WT

更新日期：1998-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:More than 50 copies of a phi X174 DNA template can be made in 60 min in an in vitro DNA replication system consisting of seven purfied replication proteins isolated from T4 bacteriophage-infected cells. By transfecting with the DNA products and assaying for the reversion of specific amber mutants, the high degree of b...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hibner U,Alberts BM

更新日期：1980-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Oocytes arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle contain a p34cdc2/cyclin B complex which is kept in an inactive form by phosphorylation of its p34cdc2 subunit on tyrosine, threonine and perhaps serine residues. The phosphatase(s) involved in p34cdc2 dephosphorylation is unknown, but the product of the fission yeast...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Strausfeld U,Labbé JC,Fesquet D,Cavadore JC,Picard A,Sadhu K,Russell P,Dorée M

更新日期：1991-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Global conservation strategies commonly assume that different taxonomic groups show congruent geographical patterns of diversity, and that the distribution of extinction-prone species in one group can therefore act as a surrogate for vulnerable species in other groups when conservation decisions are being made. The va...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Grenyer R,Orme CD,Jackson SF,Thomas GH,Davies RG,Davies TJ,Jones KE,Olson VA,Ridgely RS,Rasmussen PC,Ding TS,Bennett PM,Blackburn TM,Gaston KJ,Gittleman JL,Owens IP

更新日期：2006-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:At fertilization, an increase of cytosolic calcium ions (Ca2+) triggers various activation responses in animal eggs. In vertebrates, these responses include exit from metaphase arrest in meiosis II (MII exit) and cortical remodelling initiated by cortical granule exocytosis. Although the essential requirement of Ca2+/...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nishiyama T,Yoshizaki N,Kishimoto T,Ohsumi K

更新日期：2007-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In Parkinson's disease, brain dopamine neurons degenerate most prominently in the substantia nigra. Neurotrophic factors promote survival, differentiation and maintenance of neurons in developing and adult vertebrate nervous system. The most potent neurotrophic factor for dopamine neurons described so far is the glial...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lindholm P,Voutilainen MH,Laurén J,Peränen J,Leppänen VM,Andressoo JO,Lindahl M,Janhunen S,Kalkkinen N,Timmusk T,Tuominen RK,Saarma M

更新日期：2007-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Circumstellar accretion disks transfer matter from molecular clouds to young stars and to the sites of planet formation. The disks observed around pre-main-sequence stars have properties consistent with those expected for the pre-solar nebula from which our own Solar System formed 4.5 Gyr ago. But the 'debris' disks t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Thi WF,Blake GA,van Dishoeck EF,van Zadelhoff GJ,Horn JM,Becklin EE,Mannings V,Sargent AI,van Den Ancker ME,Natta A

更新日期：2001-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The growth and differentiation of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) is regulated by soluble growth hormones, of which interleukin-2 (IL-2) is considered to be of prime importance. Here we report that the lymphokine B-cell stimulatory factor (BSF-1 or interleukin-4) also has profound effects on the generation of these func...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Widmer MB,Grabstein KH

更新日期：1987-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The Gakkel ridge, which extends under the Arctic ice cap for approximately 1,800 km, is the slowest spreading ocean ridge on Earth. Its spreading created the Eurasian basin, which is isolated from the rest of the oceanic mantle by North America, Eurasia and the Lomonosov ridge. The Gakkel ridge thus provides unique op...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goldstein SL,Soffer G,Langmuir CH,Lehnert KA,Graham DW,Michael PJ

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The type I interferon response protects cells against invading viral pathogens. The cellular factors that mediate this defence are the products of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Although hundreds of ISGs have been identified since their discovery more than 25 years ago, only a few have been characterized with res...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schoggins JW,Wilson SJ,Panis M,Murphy MY,Jones CT,Bieniasz P,Rice CM

更新日期：2011-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Only 10 different V beta gene segments were found when the sequences of 15 variable (V beta) genes of the mouse T-cell receptor were examined. From this analysis we calculate that the total number of expressed V beta gene segments may be 21 or fewer, which makes the expressed germline V beta repertoire much smaller th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Barth RK,Kim BS,Lan NC,Hunkapiller T,Sobieck N,Winoto A,Gershenfeld H,Okada C,Hansburg D,Weissman IL

更新日期：1985-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The sensitivity of soil carbon to warming is a major uncertainty in projections of carbon dioxide concentration and climate. Experimental studies overwhelmingly indicate increased soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition at higher temperatures, resulting in increased carbon dioxide emissions from soils. However, recent...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Knorr W,Prentice IC,House JI,Holland EA

更新日期：2005-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of immunodeficiency in patients with specific purine enzyme defects indicates a crucial role of the purine salvage pathway in the acquisition and expression of normal immune function. One current hypothesis links the failure of normal lymphocyte development in these diseases to the accumulation of deoxy...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dosch HM,Mansour A,Cohen A,Shore A,Gelfand EW

更新日期：1980-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:In 2001 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projected the contribution to sea level rise from the Greenland ice sheet to be between -0.02 and +0.09 m from 1990 to 2100 (ref. 1). However, recent work has suggested that the ice sheet responds more quickly to climate perturbations than previously thought, parti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Velicogna I,Wahr J

更新日期：2006-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Many tyrosine kinases, including the receptors for hormones such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), nerve growth factor and insulin, transmit intracellular signals through Ras proteins. Ligand binding to such receptors stimulates Ras guanine-nucleotide-exchange activity and increases the level of GTP-bound Ras, suggest...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rozakis-Adcock M,Fernley R,Wade J,Pawson T,Bowtell D

更新日期：1993-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:During the last glacial period, the Laurentide Ice Sheet sporadically discharged huge numbers of icebergs through the Hudson Strait into the North Atlantic Ocean, leaving behind distinct layers of ice-rafted debris in the ocean sediments. Perplexingly, these massive discharge events-Heinrich events-occurred during the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bassis JN,Petersen SV,Mac Cathles L

更新日期：2017-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Galaxies congregate in clusters and along filaments, and are missing from large regions referred to as voids. These structures are seen in maps derived from spectroscopic surveys that reveal networks of structure that are interconnected with no clear boundaries. Extended regions with a high concentration of galaxies a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tully RB,Courtois H,Hoffman Y,Pomarède D

更新日期：2014-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian Kruppel-like transcription factors are implicated in regulating terminal differentiation of several tissue types. Deficiency in Kruppel-like factor (KLF) 2 (also known as LKLF) leads to a massive loss of the peripheral T-cell pool, suggesting KLF2 regulates T-cell quiescence and survival. Here we show, howev...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Carlson CM,Endrizzi BT,Wu J,Ding X,Weinreich MA,Walsh ER,Wani MA,Lingrel JB,Hogquist KA,Jameson SC

更新日期：2006-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The cartilage and skin of animals, which are made up of more than fifty per cent water, are rather stiff (having elastic moduli of up to 100 megapascals) as well as tough and hard to break (with fracture energies of up to 9,000 joules per square metre). Such features make these biological materials mechanically superi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rauner N,Meuris M,Zoric M,Tiller JC

更新日期：2017-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Connectivity in the cortex is organized at multiple scales, suggesting that scale-dependent correlated activity is particularly important for understanding the behaviour of sensory cortices and their function in stimulus encoding. We analysed the scale-dependent structure of cortical interactions by using maximum entr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ohiorhenuan IE,Mechler F,Purpura KP,Schmid AM,Hu Q,Victor JD

更新日期：2010-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Indirect-benefit models of sexual selection assert that females gain heritable offspring advantages through a mating bias for males of superior genetic quality. This has generally been tested by associating a simple morphological quality indicator (for example, bird tail length) with offspring viability. However, sele...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fedorka KM,Mousseau TA

更新日期：2004-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Relative motion is one of the most salient cues for segmentation of a visual scene into separate objects. This is illustrated by the vivid contours that are perceived when random dot patterns move in different directions. Once motion is halted in such displays the segmentation contours disappear. This makes random dot...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lamme VA,van Dijk BW,Spekreijse H

更新日期：1993-06-10 00:00:00