Abstract：
:Simultaneous non-invasive visualization of blood vessels and nerves in patients can be obtained in the eye. The retinal vasculature is a target of many retinopathies. Inflammation, readily manifest by leukocyte adhesion to the endothelial lining, is a key pathophysiological mechanism of many retinopathies, making it a valuable and ubiquitous target for disease research. Leukocyte fluorography has been extensively used in the past twenty years; however, fluorescent markers, visualization techniques, and recording methods have differed between studies. The lack of detailed protocol papers regarding leukocyte fluorography, coupled with lack of uniformity between studies, has led to a paucity of standards for leukocyte transit (velocity, adherence, extravasation) in the retina. Here, we give a detailed description of a convenient method using acridine orange (AO) and a commercially available scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO, HRA-OCT Spectralis) to view leukocyte behavior in the mouse retina. Normal mice are compared to mice with acute and chronic inflammation. This method can be readily adopted in many research labs.
journal_name
Exp Eye Resjournal_title
Experimental eye researchauthors
Cahoon JM,Olson PR,Nielson S,Miya TR,Bankhead P,McGeown JG,Curtis TM,Ambati BKdoi
10.1016/j.exer.2013.12.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-03-01 00:00:00pages
15-9eissn
0014-4835issn
1096-0007pii
S0014-4835(13)00346-1journal_volume
120pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Understanding mechanisms of glaucomatous optic nerve damage is essential for developing effective therapies to augment conventional pressure-lowering treatments. This requires that we understand not only the physical forces in play, but the cellular responses that translate these forces into axonal injury. The former ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2010.08.005
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:cDNA clones encoding S-antigen (arrestin) were isolated from the expression library constructed from porcine retina and sequenced. The 1490 base pair fragment contained a 1215 base pair open reading frame. From the nucleotide sequence, an amino acid sequence consisting of 405 residues was deduced and a molecular mass ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exer.1996.0036
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By means of X-ray diffraction analysis, structural conversions of crystallins in human lens were detected in senile cataract and upon artificial dehydration of lens tissue. In senile cataract certain characteristics of the native three-dimensional structure of gamma- and beta-crystallins are completely lost, whereas d...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4835(89)80044-2
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Forskolin, a diterpene, a potent and direct stimulator of the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase, can reduce intraocular pressure when administered topically to rabbit eyes in a 1% suspension. Using an intravitreal plant of fluorescein-dextran, aqueous flow was measured by a modification of the method of Maurice. For...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4835(84)90113-1
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity has been associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and with tissue hypoxia. Human Bruch's membrane (BrM) lipid deposits have been proposed to create a diffusion barrier to metabolic exchange between the choroid and photoreceptors, delaying the regeneration of photopigments. The speed of retinal dark adaptation...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2019.02.007
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian lens development involves cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. As integrins are a major family of cell adhesion molecules, we examined the expression patterns of several integrin subunits (alpha3A, alpha3B, alpha6A, alpha6B, beta1 and beta4) during rat lens development. RT-PCR, in situ hybridisation, immunof...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2005.02.005
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:VEGF secretion by the human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) plays an important role in retinal and choroidal neovascularization. In this study, transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2)-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression was investigated in hRPE cells. Treatment of hRPE cells with T...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2006.12.016
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been reported that chymase activity was increased in allergic conjunctivitis patients and this activity was correlated with the severity of the disease. However, the precise roles of chymase in allergic conjunctivitis are unclear, and whether chymase inhibitors are effective for allergic conjunctivitis has not ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2013.05.015
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relative distribution of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors on the surface of the isolated ocular lens of the rabbit was determined from induced changes in translens short-circuit current (I(SC)) and the translenticular resistance (R(t)) at seven delineated, parallel zones from the anterior to the posterior pole. For t...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exer.2002.1185
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calf lens alpha-crystallin was isolated and the lysine residues were extensively modified with a variety of chemical agents. The effect of these modifications on elastase inhibitor activity, apparent molecular size, antibody reactivity and solubility were determined. The addition of either a methyl group or a threose ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exer.1993.1015
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Homocysteine is an amino acid required for the metabolism of methionine. Excess homocysteine is implicated in cardiovascular and neurological disease and new data suggest a role in various retinopathies. Mice lacking cystathionine-beta-synthase (cbs(-/-)) have an excess of retinal homocysteine and develop anatomical a...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2011.12.011
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) measures the flux of red blood cells in a vascular network embedded in tissue. In the present report, choroidal and ciliary body blood flow was measured continuously using an LDF technique in pentobarbital anesthetized cats. Blood flow measurements were made from the choroid beneath the l...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4835(91)90068-p
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rifampicin, an antibacterial drug widely used in the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy, has recently been reported to have anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects. However, its anti-angiogenic effect has not been investigated. We examined its anti-angiogenic effect on tube formation and proliferation by human um...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2007.10.003
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat is an established animal model of retinitis pigmentosa, a family of inherited retinal diseases which starts with loss of peripheral vision and progresses to eventual blindness. Blood flow (BF), an important physiological parameter, is intricately coupled to metabolic function un...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2012.06.006
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In normal retina the developing photoreceptor cells first show presence of opsin over the distal ends of the ciliary protrusions. In a fully differentiated cell intense activity is seen over the rod outer-segment discs; some activity is also seen over the Golgi zone and near the distal ends of the inner segments but t...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4835(87)80170-7
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interaction of keratocytes with extracellular matrix components plays an important role in the maintenance of corneal transparency and shape as well as in the healing of corneal wounds. In particular, the interaction of these cells with collagen and cell-mediated collagen contraction contribute to wound closure. E...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2020.107933
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The damaging effects incurred during a light-insult on the albino rat retina are studied separately from the resultant loss of visual cells which occurs. Groups of rats, 5-20 weeks of age, are exposed to 48 hr of 80 lux illumination, maintained in the dark for various lengths of time, and then killed. Beginning at lig...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4835(85)80017-8
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of temperature on rod outer segment (ROS) length and membrane shedding were studied in a cyprinodont fish, Fundulus zebrinus. After 30 days in 14L/10D cyclic light and 17 degrees C, ROS length averaged 41.2 microns. Fish were then exposed to 7, 17 or 27 degrees C for 10 and 25 days before being sampled 5 h...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4835(05)80036-3
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developing canine retina, fixed in Bouin's or Tellyesnizky's acetic alcoholic formalin, was examined with a battery of biotinylated lectins. ConA and WGA consistently bound to all retinal layers including the tapetum cellulosum, retinal pigment epithelium, inner and outer segments, plexiform layers and ganglion cells....
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4835(90)90150-s
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental potential of embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived eye-like structures as a replacement cell therapy model for retinas with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced damage. For this purpose mouse ES cells were induced to differentiate into eye-like structures in vitro f...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2007.01.007
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two low-Ca2+-requiring proteases (calpain I) and one high-Ca2+-requiring protease (calpain II) have been separated from the cytosol of rat retina by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Calpain I was half-maximally activated at 3 microM free Ca2+ and fully activated at 10 microM free Ca2+. Half-maximal activation of ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4835(85)90098-3
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dysfunctional vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been proposed to play a main pathophysiological role in various ocular diseases. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the chronic lack of eNOS impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation in retinal arterioles. The relevance of e...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2019.01.022
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rd (retinal degeneration) chick possesses an autosomal recessive mutation which results in behavioral and electrophysiological blindness at hatch. Using the technique of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we have identified two groups of proteins whose expression in the retina/pigment epithelium/choroid (RET/PE/...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4835(89)80061-2
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Limbal microvascular endothelial cells (L-MVEC) contribute to formation of the corneal-limbal stem cell niche and to neovascularization of diseased and injuries corneas. Nevertheless, despite these important roles in corneal health and disease, few attempts have been made to isolate L-MVEC with the view to studying th...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2014.12.008
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the neural retina, glial cells control formation of ionic gradients by mediating transmembrane water fluxes through aquaporin (AQP) water channels. Retinal content and immunolocalization of two water channels, AQP1 and AQP4, in the diabetic rat retinas during high-salt loading were examined in this study. Diabetes ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2009.06.020
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Owing to a rapidly aging population, vision impairment caused by age-related cataract has become very common. Age-related cataract has also become one of the principal causes of blindness, and apoptosis of lens epithelial cells contributes to non-congenital cataract development. Previous studies have reported that mic...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2016.04.018
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of mouse cornea and conjunctiva fixed with picric acid-paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde (PA-P-G) mixture revealed a thin layer of amorphous material covering the microvilli of the corneal surface cells. At the transmission electron microscopic (TEM) level, this layer of material stain...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4835(84)90111-8
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The eye lens is a transparent and avascular organ in the front of the eye that is responsible for focusing light onto the retina in order to transmit a clear image. A monolayer of epithelial cells covers the anterior hemisphere of the lens, and the bulk of the lens is made up of elongated and differentiated fiber cell...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2016.03.005
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calf lenses which are incubated in solutions of 1-150 mM H2O2 for 24 hr remain clear at 20 degrees C. While insoluble lens protein increases by at most 2-3%, we find extensive oxidation of exposed protein thiols, major shifts in the size distribution of crystallins, and progressive generation of more acidic polypeptid...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4835(89)80072-7
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Glaucoma is characterized by the neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the optic nerve. Numerous studies have reported that S100A4 participates in the metastasis of tumor cells and nerve protection. This study was intended to explore the role of S100A4 on RGCs under retinal ischemia-reperfus...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2020.108281
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
